Structural changes in subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fatty tissue induced by local application of 448 kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency: a magnetic resonance imaging case study

Excerpt

Fatty tissue is one of the largest compartments in the human body, distributed in subcutaneous fatty tissue (SFT), and visceral fatty tissue (VFT). The prevalence of excessive fat accumulation is increasing rapidly in developed countries, where obesity affects 10 to 40% of adults [ 1]. Sedentary lifestyles and unbalanced diets contribute to increased storage of fatty tissue in healthy humans [ 2]. Excessive fat accumulation increases the risk of comorbidities, cardiovascular disease, certain tumors, and early death, and these complications account for up to 10% of all health costs [ 3]. Additionally, localized deposits of fatty tissue are often considered esthetically displeasing as slimness is increasingly considered attractive, resulting in growing interest in noninvasive body contouring [ 4]. Noninvasive technologies acting through different mechanisms such as radiofrequency, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and cryolipolysis are widely used to reduce SFT, but proof of efficacy has been difficult to establish [ 5]. Although not as effective as invasive therapies, they remain an attractive alternative for patients wishing to avoid the risks or costs associated with surgery. …