Structure and motility of the esophagus from a mechanical perspective

Esophagus is an important part of the alimentary canal that performs various functions, most important of which is the transfer of bolus from the pharynx to the stomach. This involves active contraction of both the circular and longitudinal esophageal muscles. Esophageal anatomical features are harmonized with the functional and physiological demands of esophagus. However, impairment of esophageal functions may occur resulting in symptoms like dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux or esophageal pain. This review covers broadly the anatomical and physiological details of esophagus, mechanical function of esophagus and its motility. In particular, the mechanical characteristics of the esophageal tissue and its motile function have been scrutinized. An overlay of the diagnostic technologies tapping these metrics is also covered.