nach oben

Erschienen in:

30.10.2015 | Original Contribution

Subclinical autism spectrum symptoms in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

verfasst von: Trine Wigh Arildskov, David R. M. A. Højgaard, Gudmundur Skarphedinsson, Per Hove Thomsen, Tord Ivarsson, Bernhard Weidle, Karin Holmgren Melin, Katja A. Hybel

Erschienen in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Ausgabe 7/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The literature on subclinical autism spectrum (ASD) symptoms in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is scarce, and it remains unclear whether ASD symptoms are related to OCD severity. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of ASD symptoms and age and sex differences in children and adolescents with OCD, and to explore the relation between ASD symptoms and OCD severity. This is the largest study of ASD symptoms in an OCD population to date, and the first directly aimed at elucidating sex and age differences in this matter. The study used baseline data from the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study in which parents of 257 children and adolescents with OCD aged 7–17 completed the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire. OCD severity was assessed with the Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Pediatric OCD patients were found to exhibit elevated rates of ASD symptoms compared to a norm group of school-age children. ASD symptoms were concentrated in a subgroup with a prevalence of 10–17 %. This subgroup was characterized by a male preponderance with a sex ratio of approximately 2.6:1, while children versus adolescents with OCD exhibited similar rates. Autism-specific social and communication difficulties were not related to OCD severity, while restricted repetitive behavior was positively related to OCD severity. The results indicate that clinicians need to be aware of ASD symptoms in children and adolescents with OCD since one out of ten exhibits such symptoms at a clinical sub-threshold.

American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric, Arlington

Canals J, Hernández-Martínez C, Cosi S, Voltas N (2012) The epidemiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder in Spanish school children. J Anxiety Disord 26:746–752. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.003 CrossRefPubMed

Rapoport JL, Inoff-Germain G, Weissman MM, Greenwald S, Narrow WE, Jensen PS, Lahey BB, Canino G (2000) Childhood obsessive–compulsive disorder in the NIMH MECA Study: parent versus child identification of cases. J Anxiety Disord 14:535–548. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(00)00048-7 CrossRefPubMed

Ivarsson T, Melin K, Wallin L (2008) Categorical and dimensional aspects of co-morbidity in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17:20–31. doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0626-z CrossRefPubMed

Mack H, Fullana MA, Russell AJ, Mataix-Cols D, Nakatani E, Heyman I (2010) Obsessions and compulsions in children with Asperger’s syndrome or high-functioning autism: a case–control study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 44:1082–1088. doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.515561 CrossRefPubMed

Ivarsson T, Melin K (2008) Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). J Anxiety Disord 22:969–978. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.10.003 CrossRefPubMed

Huang L, Tsai K, Wang H, Sung P, Wu M, Hung K, Lin S (2014) Prevalence, incidence, and comorbidity of clinically diagnosed obsessive–compulsive disorder in Taiwan: a national population-based study. Psychiatry Res 220:335–341. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.011 CrossRefPubMed

Lai M, Lombardo MV, Baron-Cohen S (2014) Autism. The Lancet 383:896–910. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61539-1 CrossRef

Weidle B, Melin K, Drotz E, Jozefiak T, Ivarsson T (2012) Preschool and current autistic symptoms in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord 1:168–174. doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.04.002 CrossRef

10.

Anholt GE, Cath DC, van Oppen P, Eikelenboom M, Smit J, van Megen H, van Balkom AJLM (2010) Autism and ADHD symptoms in patients with OCD: are they associated with specific OC symptom dimensions or OC symptom severity? J Autism Dev Disord 40:580–589. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0922-1 CrossRefPubMed

11.

Bejerot S, Nylander L, Lindstrom E (2001) Autistic traits in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 55:169–176. doi:10.1080/08039480152036047 CrossRefPubMed

12.

Mito H, Matsuura N, Mukai K, Yanagisawa Y, Nakajima A, Motoyama M, Arikawa A, Yamanishi K, Matsunaga H (2014) The impacts of elevated autism spectrum disorder traits on clinical and psychosocial features and long-term treatment outcome in adult patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 55:1526–1533. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.005 CrossRefPubMed

13.

Bejerot S (2007) An autistic dimension: a proposed subtype of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Autism 11:101–110. doi:10.1177/1362361307075699 CrossRefPubMed

14.

Mattila M, Jussila K, Kuusikko S, Kielinen M, Linna S, Ebeling H, Bloigu R, Joskitt L, Pauls D, Moilanen I (2009) When does the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) predict autism spectrum disorders in primary school-aged children? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 18:499–509. doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0044-5 CrossRefPubMed

15.

Posserud M, Lundervold AJ, Gillberg C (2006) Autistic features in a total population of 7–9-year-old children assessed by the ASSQ (Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47:167–175. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01462.x CrossRefPubMed

16.

Constantino JN, Todd RD (2003) Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:524–530. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524 CrossRefPubMed

17.

Paula-Pérez I (2013) Differential diagnosis between obsessive compulsive disorder and restrictive and repetitive behavioural patterns, activities and interests in autism spectrum disorder. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment 6:178–186. doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2012.07.005 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Zandt F, Prior M, Kyrios M (2007) Repetitive behaviour in children with high functioning autism and obsessive compulsive disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 37:251–259. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0158-2 CrossRefPubMed

19.

Cath DC, Ran N, Smit JH, van Balkom AJLM, Comijs HC (2008) Symptom overlap between autism spectrum disorder, generalized social anxiety disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults: a preliminary case–controlled study. Psychopathology 41:101–110. doi:10.1159/000111555 CrossRefPubMed

20.

Hartley SL, Sikora DM (2009) Which DSM-IV-TR criteria best differentiate high-functioning autism spectrum disorder from ADHD and anxiety disorders in older children? Autism 13:485–509. doi:10.1177/1362361309335717 PubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Bartz JA, Hollander E (2006) Is obsessive–compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30:338–352. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.003 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Jacob S, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF (2009) Autism spectrum and obsessive–compulsive disorders: OC behaviors, phenotypes and genetics. Autism Res 2:293–311. doi:10.1002/aur.108 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

Langley AK, Lewin AB, Bergman RL, Lee JC, Piacentini J (2010) Correlates of comorbid anxiety and externalizing disorders in childhood obsessive compulsive disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19:637–645. doi:10.1007/s00787-010-0101-0 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Storch EA, Larson MJ, Merlo LJ, Keeley ML, Jacob ML, Geffken GR, Murphy TK, Goodman WK (2008) Comorbidity of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders: impact on symptom severity and impairment. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 30:111–120. doi:10.1007/s10862-007-9057-x CrossRef

25.

Gothelf D, Goraly O, Avni S, Stawski M, Hartmann I, Basel-Vanagaite L, Apter A (2008) Psychiatric morbidity with focus on obsessive–compulsive disorder in an Israeli cohort of adolescents with mild to moderate mental retardation. J Neural Transm 115:929–936. doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0037-4 CrossRefPubMed

26.

Lewin AB, Wood JJ, Gunderson S, Murphy TK, Storch EA (2011) Phenomenology of comorbid autism spectrum and obsessive–compulsive disorders among children. J Dev Phys Disabil 23:543–553. doi:10.1007/s10882-011-9247-z CrossRef

27.

Thomsen PH, Torp NC, Dahl K, Christensen K, Englyst I, Melin KH, Nissen JB, Hybel KA, Valderhaug R, Weidle B, Skarphedinsson G, von Bahr PL, Ivarsson T (2013) The Nordic long-term OCD treatment study (NordLOTS): rationale, design, and methods. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-7-41 PubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Torp NC, Dahl K, Skarphedinsson G, Thomsen PH, Valderhaug R, Weidle B, Melin KH, Hybel K, Nissen JB, Lenhard F, Wentzel-Larsen T, Franklin ME, Ivarsson T (2015) Effectiveness of cognitive behavior treatment for pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: acute outcomes from the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study (NordLOTS). Behav Res Ther 64:15–23. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.11.005 CrossRefPubMed

29.

American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn., text rev. American Psychiatric, Washington

30.

Ehlers S, Gillberg C (1993) The epidemiology of Asperger syndrome: a total population study. J Child Psychol Psychiat 34:1327–1350. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x CrossRefPubMed

31.

Ehlers S, Gillberg C, Wing L (1999) A screening questionnaire for Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children. J Autism Dev Disord 29:129–141. doi:10.1023/A:1023040610384 CrossRefPubMed

32.

Posserud M, Lundervold AJ, Gillberg C (2009) Validation of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire in a total population sample. J Autism Dev Disord 39:126–134. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0609-z CrossRefPubMed

33.

Posserud M, Lundervold AJ, Steijnen MC, Verhoeven S, Stormark KM, Gillberg C (2008) Factor analysis of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire. Autism 12:99–112. doi:10.1177/1362361307085268 CrossRefPubMed

34.

Kaufman J, Birmaher B (1997) Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:980–988CrossRefPubMed

35.

Birmaher B, Ehmann M, Axelson DA, Goldstein BI, Monk K, Kalas C, Kupfer D, Gill MK, Leibenluft E, Bridge J, Guyer A, Egger HL, Brent DA (2009) Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS-PL) for the assessment of preschool children—a preliminary psychometric study. J Psychiatr Res 43:680–686. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.10.003 CrossRefPubMed

36.

Scahill L, Riddle MA, McSwiggin-Hardin M, Ort SI, King RA, Goodman WK, Cicchetti D, Leckman JF (1997) Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: reliability and validity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:844–852. doi:10.1097/00004583-199706000-00023 CrossRefPubMed

37.

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Geffken GR, Soto O, Sajid M, Allen P, Roberti JW, Killiany EM, Goodman WK (2004) Psychometric evaluation of the Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. Psychiatry Res 129:91–98. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.009 CrossRefPubMed

38.

Cicchetti DV, Sparrow SS (1990) Assessment of adaptive behavior in young children. In: Johnson JJ, Goldman J (eds) Developmental assessment in clinical child psychology: a handbook. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 173–196

39.

Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum, Hillsdale

40.

Kopp S, Gillberg C (2011) The Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ)—Revised Extended Version (ASSQ-REV): an instrument for better capturing the autism phenotype in girls? A preliminary study involving 191 clinical cases and community controls. Res Dev Disabil 32:2875–2888. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.017 CrossRefPubMed

41.

Reiersen AM, Constantino JN, Volk HE, Todd RD (2007) Autistic traits in a population-based ADHD twin sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48:464–472. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01720.x CrossRefPubMed

42.

AACAP (2012) Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 51:98–113. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.09.019 CrossRef

43.

Hollander E, King A, Delaney K, Smith CJ, Silverman JM (2003) Obsessive–compulsive behaviors in parents of multiplex autism families. Psychiatry Res 117:11–16. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(02)00304-9 CrossRefPubMed

44.

Van Wijngaarden-Cremers PJM, van Eeten E, Groen WB, Van Deurzen PA, Oosterling IJ, Van der Gaag RJ (2014) Gender and age differences in the core triad of impairments in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 44:627–635. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1913-9 CrossRefPubMed

45.

Kreiser NL, White SW (2014) ASD in females: are we overstating the gender difference in diagnosis? Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 17:67–84. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0148-9 CrossRefPubMed

46.

Rivet TT, Matson JL (2011) Review of gender differences in core symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord 5:957–976. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.12.003 CrossRef

47.

McKay D, Abramowitz JS, Calamari JE, Kyrios M, Radomsky A, Sookman D, Taylor S, Wilhelm S (2004) A critical evaluation of obsessive–compulsive disorder subtypes: symptoms versus mechanisms. Clin Psychol Rev 24:283–313. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.04.003 CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Subclinical autism spectrum symptoms in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder
verfasst von: Trine Wigh Arildskov
David R. M. A. Højgaard
Gudmundur Skarphedinsson
Per Hove Thomsen
Tord Ivarsson
Bernhard Weidle
Karin Holmgren Melin
Katja A. Hybel
Publikationsdatum: 30.10.2015
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Ausgabe 7/2016
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0782-5

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

23.04.2024 | Demenz | Nachrichten

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Subclinical autism spectrum symptoms in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

„Psychotherapie ist auch bei sehr alten Menschen hochwirksam!“

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

Update Psychiatrie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2016

Attentional bias to threat in children at-risk for emotional disorders: role of gender and type of maternal emotional disorder

Child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems 12 months postburn: the potential role of preburn functioning, parental posttraumatic stress, and informant bias

Erratum to: Longitudinal associations between conduct problems and depressive symptoms among girls and boys with early conduct problems

The clinical utility of the continuous performance test and objective measures of activity for diagnosing and monitoring ADHD in children: a systematic review

Longitudinal associations between conduct problems and depressive symptoms among girls and boys with early conduct problems

A 2-year longitudinal study of prospective predictors of pathological Internet use in adolescents

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

„Psychotherapie ist auch bei sehr alten Menschen hochwirksam!“

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

Update Psychiatrie