Background
Methods
Design, population, and data sources
Covariates
Statistical analysis
Results
No consultation | Consultation | |
---|---|---|
Total, n (%) | 6915 (93.4) | 485 (6.6) |
Age, mean (SD) | 50.5 (12.2) | 55.5 (9.7) |
Age categories, n (%) | ||
18–34 | 811 (97.5) | 21 (2.5) |
35–44 | 1076 (97.1) | 32 (2.9) |
45–54 | 1942 (93.6) | 133 (6.4) |
55–64 | 2542 (91.2) | 246 (8.8) |
65–80 | 544 (91.1) | 53 (8.9) |
Sex, n (%) | ||
Male | 2743 (92.5) | 224 (7.5) |
Female | 4172 (94.1) | 261 (5.9) |
Surgeon specialty, n (%) | ||
General surgery | 1670 (96.9) | 53 (3.1) |
Gynecology | 675 (98.3) | 12 (1.7) |
Urology | 350 (92.3) | 29 (7.7) |
Ophthalmology | 945 (96.1) | 38 (3.9) |
Orthopedics | 2654 (89.3) | 317 (10.7) |
Neurosurgery | 113 (89.0) | 14 (11.0) |
Otolaryngology | 448 (96.8) | 15 (3.2) |
Vascular | 60 (89.6) | 7 (10.4) |
Surgical risk, n (%) | ||
Low | 3928 (95.6) | 179 (4.4) |
Intermediate | 2284 (89.7) | 261 (10.3) |
High | 703 (94.0) | 45 (6.0) |
Deyo comorbidity score, n (%) | ||
0 | 4641 (94.4) | 275 (5.6) |
1 | 1113 (91.9) | 98 (8.1) |
2 | 704 (90.8) | 71 (9.2) |
3+ | 457 (91.8) | 41 (8.2) |
Rural Urban Commuting Area category, n (%) | ||
Urban | 5665 (93.3) | 407 (6.7) |
Large rural city | 589 (96.2) | 23 (3.8) |
Small rural town | 357 (90.4) | 38 (9.6) |
Isolated rural town | 304 (94.7) | 17 (5.3) |
Hospital referral region, n (%) | ||
Everett, WA | 589 (93.3) | 42 (6.7) |
Olympia, WA | 399 (98.5) | 6 (1.5) |
Seattle, WA | 323 (97.9) | 7 (2.1) |
Spokane, WA | 2509 (90.2) | 274 (9.8) |
Tacoma, WA | 1923 (94.5) | 111 (5.5) |
Yakima, WA | 781 (96.9) | 25 (3.1) |
Portland, OR | 391 (95.1) | 20 (4.9) |
Unadjusted risk ratios (95% confidence interval) | |
Surgical specialty (Ref: general surgery) | |
Gynecology | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) |
Urology | 2.4 (0.7, 8.0) |
Ophthalmology | 1.8 (0.9, 3.8) |
Orthopedics |
3.4 (1.9, 6.2)
|
Neurosurgery |
3.4 (1.5, 7.6)
|
Otolaryngology | 0.8 (0.3, 2.0) |
Vascular |
2.8 (1.3, 5.9)
|
Adjusted risk ratios (95% confidence interval) | |
Surgical specialty (Ref: general surgery) | |
Gynecology | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) |
Urology | 1.9 (0.8, 4.9) |
Ophthalmology |
2.3 (1.1, 4.6)
|
Orthopedics |
3.9 (2.4, 6.5)
|
Neurosurgery |
2.3 (1.1, 4.5)
|
Otolaryngology | 0.6 (0.3, 1.4) |
Vascular | 1.4 (0.7, 2.9) |
Low surgical risk (Ref: intermediate and high risk) |
0.3 (0.3, 0.5)
|
Age (10-year change) |
1.2 (1.1, 1.4)
|
Sex (Ref: male) | |
Female | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) |
Deyo comorbidity score (Ref: 0) | |
1 |
1.4 (1.1, 1.7)
|
2 |
1.7 (1.3, 2.1)
|
3+ |
1.4 (1.1, 1.9)
|
Rural Urban Commuting Area category (Ref: urban) | |
Large rural city | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) |
Small rural town |
1.6 (1.2, 2.1)
|
Isolated rural town | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) |
Hospital referral region (Ref: Seattle) | |
Everett, WA | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) |
Olympia, WA |
0.2 (0.1, 0.4)
|
Spokane, WA |
0.7 (0.6, 1.0)
|
Tacoma, WA |
0.4 (0.2, 0.7)
|
Yakima, WA |
0.6 (0.4, 0.9)
|
Portland, OR |
0.3 (0.2, 0.5)
|