Background
Methods
Data source
Study population
Study variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Subjects’ baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
Variables | All patients (n = 2001) |
---|---|
Anatomic sites (%) | |
Vulva or labial | 1085 (54.2) |
Skin | 465 (23.2) |
Penis or scrotum | 329 (16.4) |
Vagina | 4 (0.2) |
Other sites | 118 (5.9) |
Concurrent malignancy = Yes (%) | 620 (31.0) |
Tumor size (%) | |
Less than 2 cm | 316 (15.8) |
More than 2 cm | 620 (31.0) |
Unknown | 1065 (53.2) |
Distant metastasis = Yes (%) | 46 (2.3) |
Surgery = Yes (%) | 1771 (88.5) |
Radiation = Yes (%) | 121 (6.0) |
Age (mean ± SD) | 71.7 (11.3) |
Gender = Male (%) | 680 (34.0) |
Race (%) | |
White | 1603 (80.1) |
Black | 16 (0.8) |
Others | 356 (17.8) |
Unknown | 26 (1.3) |
High latitude state = Yes (%) | 662 (33.1) |
Incidence rates among EMPD anatomic sites
Kaplan-Meier analyses for overall survival according to EMPD anatomic sites
Cox proportional hazards models for mortality
Variables | HR (95% CI) | p value | aHR (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anatomic sites | ||||
Vulva or labial | reference | reference | ||
Skin |
1.48 (1.27, 1.73)
|
<0.001
| 0.95 (0.75, 1.20) | 0.677 |
Penis or scrotum | 1.14 (0.95, 1.38) | 0.171 | 0.83 (0.60, 1.15) | 0.260 |
Vagina | 2.64 (0.73, 9.60) | 0.969 |
3.26 (2.03, 5.23)
|
<0.001
|
Others |
1.99 (1.53, 2.62)
|
<0.001
| 1.36 (0.97, 1.90) | 0.071 |
Concurrent malignancy | ||||
No | reference | reference | ||
Yes |
1.59 (1.37, 1.83)
|
<0.001
| 1.15 (0.99, 1.34) | 0.058 |
Tumor size | ||||
Less than 2 cm | reference | reference | ||
More than 2 cm | 1.01 (0.83, 1.24) | 0.887 | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.377 |
Distant metastasis | ||||
No | reference | reference | ||
Yes |
3.49 (2.27, 5.35)
|
<0.001
|
3.36 (2.27, 4.98)
|
<0.001
|
Surgery | ||||
No | reference | reference | ||
Yes |
0.49 (0.39, 0.61)
|
<0.001
|
0.77 (0.61, 0.97)
|
0.030
|
Radiation | ||||
No | reference | reference | ||
Yes |
2.37 (1.83, 3.06)
|
<0.001
|
1.60 (1.18, 2.15)
|
0.002
|
Age |
1.09 (1.08, 1.10)
|
<0.001
|
1.09 (1.08, 1.10)
|
<0.001
|
Gender | ||||
Female | reference | reference | ||
Male |
1.35 (1.17, 1.55)
|
<0.001
|
1.42 (1.10, 1.85)
|
0.008
|
Race | ||||
White | reference | reference | ||
Black | 0.72 (0.38, 1.34) | 0.295 | 0.65 (0.28, 1.51) | 0.313 |
Others |
0.79 (0.66, 0.94)
|
0.010
|
0.81 (0.67, 0.97)
|
0.026
|
High latitude state | ||||
No | reference | reference | ||
Yes | 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) | 0.427 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 0.803 |
Without radiation treatment | With radiation treatment | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | HR (95% CI) | p value | aHR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | aHR (95% CI) | p value |
Anatomic sites | ||||||||
Vulva or labial | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
Skin |
1.48 (1.26, 1.75)
|
<0.001
| 0.97 (0.77, 1.24) | 0.833 | 0.80 (0.47, 1.34) | 0.391 | 0.62 (0.24, 1.65) | 0.342 |
Penis or scrotum | 1.10 (0.90, 1.34) | 0.337 | 0.78 (0.56, 1.08) | 0.134 | 0.95 (0.49, 1.84) | 0.888 | 0.81 (0.26, 2.47) | 0.709 |
Vagina | 1.90 (0.47, 7.71) | 0.369 |
3.20 (1.71, 5.97)
|
<0.001
|
7.26 (3.89, 13.53)
|
<0.001
|
5.76 (2.34, 14.19)
|
<0.001
|
Others |
1.96 (1.46, 2.64)
|
<0.001
|
1.61 (1.15, 2.25)
|
0.005
| 1.03 (0.52, 2.04) | 0.925 | 0.68 (0.27, 1.73) | 0.421 |
Concurrent malignancy | ||||||||
No | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
Yes |
1.56 (1.34, 1.82)
|
<0.001
| 1.14 (0.97, 1.33) | 0.107 |
1.57 (1.01, 2.44)
|
0.043
| 1.21 (0.70, 2.07) | 0.498 |
Tumor size | ||||||||
Less than 2 cm | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
More than 2 cm | 1.01 (0.82, 1.24) | 0.916 | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.337 | 1.61 (0.86, 3.01) | 0.133 | 1.17 (0.54, 2.53) | 0.691 |
Distant metastasis | ||||||||
No | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
Yes |
3.11 (1.88, 5.14)
|
<0.001
|
3.43 (2.13, 5.52)
|
<0.001
|
2.80 (1.59, 4.92)
|
<0.001
|
2.71 (1.21, 6.10)
|
0.016
|
Surgery | ||||||||
No | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
Yes |
0.50 (0.39, 0.65)
|
<0.001
|
0.70 (0.55, 0.89)
|
0.004
| 0.83 (0.51, 1.35) | 0.455 | 0.88 (0.48, 1.63) | 0.688 |
Age |
1.09 (1.08, 1.10)
|
<0.001
|
1.09 (1.08, 1.10)
|
<0.001
|
1.06 (1.03, 1.09)
|
<0.001
|
1.06 (1.03, 1.09)
|
<0.001
|
Gender | ||||||||
Female | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
Male |
1.35 (1.17, 1.56)
|
<0.001
|
1.50 (1.15,1.95)
|
0.003
| 0.81 (0.53, 1.24) | 0.328 | 1.14 (0.47, 2.76) | 0.771 |
Race | ||||||||
White | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
Black | 0.69 (0.32, 1.48) | 0.338 | 1.15 (0.45, 2.91) | 0.770 | 0.49 (0.20, 1.22) | 0.125 | 0.43 (0.15, 1.20) | 0.108 |
Others |
0.82 (0.68, 0.98)
|
0.032
| 0.86 (0.71, 1.05) | 0.132 | 0.54 (0.26, 1.14) | 0.107 |
0.44 (0.22, 0.91)
|
0.026
|
High latitude state | ||||||||
No | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
Yes | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) | 0.251 | 1.06 (0.91, 1.22) | 0.456 | 0.70 (0.44, 1.12) | 0.140 |
0.52 (0.30, 0.90)
|
0.019
|