Skip to main content
Erschienen in: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 1/2019

Open Access 01.12.2019 | Research article

Talking about treatment benefits, harms, and what matters to patients in radiation oncology: an observational study

verfasst von: Laurie Pilote, Luc Côté, Selma Chipenda Dansokho, Émilie Brouillard, Anik M. C. Giguère, France Légaré, Roland Grad, Holly O. Witteman

Erschienen in: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making | Ausgabe 1/2019

Abstract

Background

Shared decision making is associated with improved patient outcomes in radiation oncology. Our study aimed to capture how shared decision-making practices–namely, communicating potential harms and benefits and discussing what matters to patients–occur in usual care.

Methods

We invited a convenience sample of clinicians and patients in a radiation oncology clinic to participate in a mixed methods study. Prior to consultations, clinicians and patients completed self-administered questionnaires. We audio-recorded consultations and conducted qualitative content analysis. Patients completed a questionnaire immediately post-consultation about their recall and perceptions.

Results

11 radiation oncologists, 4 residents, 14 nurses, and 40 patients (55% men; mean age 64, standard deviation or SD 9) participated. Patients had a variety of cancers; 30% had been referred for palliative radiotherapy. During consultations (mean length 45 min, SD 16), clinicians presented a median of 8 potential harms (interquartile range 6–11), using quantitative estimates 17% of the time. Patients recalled significantly fewer harms (median recall 2, interquartile range 0–3, t(38) = 9.3, p < .001). Better recall was associated with discussing potential harms with a nurse after seeing the physician (odds ratio 7.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3–67.0, p = .04.) Clinicians initiated 63% of discussions of harms and benefits while patients and families initiated 69% of discussions about values and preferences (Chi-squared(1) = 37.8, p < .001). 56% of patients reported their clinician asked what mattered to them.

Conclusions

Radiation oncology clinics may wish to use interprofessional care and initiate more discussions about what matters to patients to heed Jain’s (2014) reminder that, “a patient isn’t a disease with a body attached but a life into which a disease has intruded.”
Abkürzungen
CHU
Centre hospitalier universitaire
CI
Confidence interval.
IQR
Interquartile range
OR
Odds ratio
p
probability value
SD
Standard deviation
SDM-Q-9
9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire
t
t statistic

Background

Health care has shifted from a paternalistic model to one of shared decision making, with patients encouraged to take an active role in decision making [1, 2]. Patients have unique knowledge of their own situation and preferences, and patient participation in decision making may improve their experience, health outcomes, and the quality of care they receive, as well as health care provider satisfaction and health system sustainability [38]. However, as in other specialties [9], work remains to be done to implement shared decision-making principles and practices in radiation oncology [7, 1014].
The three core practices within shared decision making are identifying that a decision must be made, communicating the potential benefits and harms of options (including doing nothing yet), and incorporating what matters to the patient relevant to the decision [6, 15, 16].
This study aimed to observe real-world communication practices in radiation oncology in an urban academic medical center, their effects on patient recall of benefits and harms, and whether and how patients’ values and preferences entered the conversation.

Methods

Study design and context

During a 4-week period from November to December 2013, we invited clinicians and patients at a single academic medical center to participate in this observational study. The study site, the Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, is part of an academic medical center affiliated with Laval University in Quebec City, Canada, the “Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval,” and provides radiation oncology care to over 4400 patients each year from a large geographic area of the province of Quebec. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the CHU de Québec-Université Laval’s Institutional Review Board.

Participant eligibility

All clinicians seeing patients during the study recruitment period were eligible to participate in the study. Only patients presenting for an intake radiation oncology appointment with a participating clinician during the study recruitment period were eligible for the study. Participation proceeded if all parties who would be present in the consultation room, including clinicians, patients, and any accompanying family members agreed to participate in the study. Patients were excluded if they and/or their accompanying family member declined to participate, or if they were unable to complete a brief questionnaire in French or English.

Participant recruitment

The lead author (LP), a medical resident in the clinic, first recruited clinicians and then invited a convenience sample of patients seeing participating clinicians to join the study upon their arrival for scheduled appointments. We aimed for 40 patients in total, deeming this sample size feasible within project scope and sufficient to enable qualitative and quantitative exploratory analyses.

Data collection

Participating clinicians each completed a brief questionnaire about their decision-making style preferences and socio-demographic characteristics. Participating patients first completed a written questionnaire about their socio-demographic characteristics, and original English or translated French versions of validated measures of health literacy [17] and subjective numeracy [18]. Each clinical consultation was unobtrusively audio-recorded by the lead researcher (LP) who briefly entered the room to turn the recorder on immediately before the consultation and off after the patient left the room. No member of the research team was otherwise present during medical consultations. After the visit, patients completed a second written questionnaire with a validated measure of their decision-making style preferences [19], questions regarding what they recalled of the potential benefits and harms discussed by clinicians, whether or not their clinicians had asked them about what mattered to them, and an original English or translated French version of a validated patient-reported measure of shared decision making (the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire, SDM-Q-9) [20]. We asked patients about their decision-making style preferences only after the clinical consultation to reduce the possibility that the question might influence their behavior during the consultation.

Data analysis: recordings of clinical encounters

All audio recordings were transcribed verbatim by the lead author (LP). We conducted a thematic analysis of transcripts in NVivo 10 (QSR International, Cambridge, MA) using inductive and deductive approaches and Braun and Clarke’s method of thematic analysis [21].
To address our aim of describing how clinicians communicate about potential benefits and harms, we used thematic categories from an established taxonomy of levels of risk communication [22] and an inventory of best practices in risk communication [23]. First, we analyzed whether or not clinicians used numerical estimates to discuss benefits and harms, classifying statements within one of three approaches: words alone; numbers alone; or a combination of words and numbers. Second, because there is always uncertainty about whether or not a treatment will have the desired effect or cause a side effect, we analyzed whether or not clinicians communicated any forms of uncertainty [24] within potential benefits and harms. We also created lists of all benefits and harms mentioned by clinicians, patients and family members in each clinical visit. Data from the transcripts about harms and benefits were first extracted by a resident in radiation oncology (LP) and independently verified by a second resident in radiation oncology (EB) to ensure medical accuracy in coding.
To address our aim of describing how values and preferences are discussed, we drew on the medical decision making literature and defined values as attributes that matter to patients or their family members, and preferences as inclinations toward or away from a medical option [25]. We developed a thematic structure around values and preferences iteratively via repeated examination and discussion of the data and thematic structure by 4 researchers on the team (LP, LC, SCD, HW), two with expertise in qualitative research (LC, SCD) and two with content expertise (LP, HW), until we reached saturation of themes. All transcripts were then thematically analyzed by the lead author (LP) and verified by the senior author (HW), with 8 randomly-selected analyzed transcripts independently verified by the other 2 researchers (LC, SCD) for additional rigor. Any disagreements were discussed within the group of 4 and resolved by consensus.
We report frequencies of themes regarding what was discussed during the consultation, how clinicians described potential benefits and harms, and who initiated discussions within different themes. We compared who initiated discussions of different issues using Chi-squared tests.

Data analysis: questionnaires

All questionnaire data were entered into a spreadsheet by an administrative assistant and verified by the lead author (LP). We combined these data with the lists of benefits and harms from the transcripts to create a dataset detailing benefits and harms mentioned by health care professionals and recalled by patients and families, either verbally during the consultation or written on post-visit questionnaires. A resident in radiation oncology (LP) verified all data to ensure that benefits and harms that were differently worded (e.g., clinician: “nausea”, patient: “sick to my stomach”) were appropriately matched; a second resident (EB) validated the verification.

Data triangulation and analysis: recall of benefits and harms

To assess overall patient recall of benefits and harms, we considered benefits and harms either written on the post-visit questionnaires, or mentioned by patients or family members when asked by a nurse. We calculated descriptive statistics of how many benefits and harms health care professionals communicated to patients and family members, and how many the patients and family members recalled. We then conducted a paired t-test to compare the number of benefits and harms communicated to each patient with the number actually recalled.
In our qualitative analyses, we noted that sometimes when patients met with a nurse following their consultation with a physician, the nurse asked the patient what he or she recalled the physician saying. To explore whether this practice influenced patient recall as assessed by what they wrote on the post-visit questionnaire, we conducted a logistic regression of patients’ written recall of benefits and harms. We tested the predictor of whether the nurse had asked the patient what they recalled, controlling for age, sex, health literacy and numeracy.

Data triangulation and analysis: discussions of values

We counted the number of independent statements initiated about values, and compared who (i.e. clinicians or patients and family) initiated statements of potential benefits and harms versus who initiated statements of values via a Chi-squared test.
We conducted all statistical analyses in R, version 3.2.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.)

Results

Study participants

Twenty-nine of the 30 clinicians who were invited (97%) agreed to participate: 11 radiation oncologists, 4 residents, and 14 nurses. Of 46 patients invited, 40 (87%) agreed to participate: 22 men (55%) and 18 women (45%) with a mean age of 64 years (standard deviation, SD 9, range 41–78). One participating patient completed the first questionnaire but was too tired to complete the second questionnaire; this patient’s socio-demographic data were included in the description of study participants but this person was removed from analyses of post-visit outcomes. There was wide variability among patients and clinicians regarding preferred decision-making style, although most clinicians and patients preferred either patient-led or shared decision making. See Table 1 for clinician and patient characteristics.
Table 1
Participant characteristics
  
Oncologists (n = 11)
Nurses (n = 14)
Residents (n = 4)
Patients (n = 40)
Age
Mean (SD)
42 (9)
44 (13)
28 (2)
64 (9)
Sex
Male: N (%)
6 (55%)
0 (0%)
1 (25%)
22 (55%)
 
Female: N (%)
5 (45%)
14 (100%)
3 (75%)
18 (45%)
Visible minority (Note 1)
N (%)
0 (%)
0 (%)
0 (%)
2 (5%)
Has a disability
N (%)
0 (%)
0 (%)
0 (%)
5 (13%)
Years in practice
Mean (SD)
10 (8)
22 (14)
5 (1)
Preferred decision-making style
Clinician-led: N (%)
2 (18%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
8 (21%)
 
Shared: N (%)
4 (36%)
0 (0%)
2 (50%)
8 (21%)
 
Patient-led: N (%)
5 (45%)
13 (93%)
2 (50%)
22 (56%)
 
Did not answer: N (%)
0 (0%)
1 (7%)
0 (0%)
2 (5%)
Numeracy (scale 8–48)
Median (IQR)
40 (8)
37 (6)
42 (2)
35 (14)
Literacy (scale 3–18)
Median (IQR)
13 (4)
Education
No postsecondary degree: N (%)
22 (55%)
 
Postsecondary degree: N (%)
17 (42.5%)
 
Did not answer: N (%)
1 (2.5%)
Type of Cancer
Breast: N (%)
6 (15%)
 
Prostate: N (%)
6 (15%)
 
Lung: N (%)
5 (13%)
 
Stomach, Rectal or Oesophagus: N (%)
4 (10%)
 
Lymphoma: N (%)
4 (10%)
 
Central Nervous System (CNS): N (%)
2 (5%)
 
Head and Neck: N (%)
2 (5%)
 
Melanoma: N (%)
1 (3%)
 
Palliative care (various cancer types): N (%)
10 (25%)
(Note 1) Visible minority is a common Canadian term for self-reporting as a person of color. Quebec City’s population is very homogeneous, with most people being white francophones. SD Standard Deviation, IQR Interquartile Range

Structure and nature of the discussions

Clinical consultations all followed a similar pattern. Patients first met with a nurse who reviewed their medical history and administered a standard clinic questionnaire to assess their symptoms and needs. Some patients (11/39, 28%) then met with a resident who discussed test or lab results and treatment options. After meeting with the nurse and possibly the resident, all patients met with a physician who established a care plan with the patient and their family members. Finally, the nurse returned to answer any remaining questions and review treatment procedures. In 19 of the 39 recorded consultations (49%), the nurse asked the patient what she or he recalled of the treatment side effects mentioned by the physician. The mean total duration of consultations was 45 min (SD 16 min).
The discussions during the consultations always included three main topics: a description of radiation therapy, a description of the potential benefits (or goals) of treatment, and the potential harms (or side effects) of treatment. In our thematic structure, statements could be assigned to only one of these themes. Across all such statements, 45% of discussions were devoted to a description of radiation therapy, 29% to its potential benefits, and 27% to its potential harms. When discussing potential harms, clinicians mentioned a median of 8 potential side effects (interquartile range, IQR 6–11) during each consultation. Residents mentioned the greatest number of side effects (median 9, IQR 6–12), followed by physicians (median 7, IQR 4–9) and then nurses (median 3, IQR 2–4). Clinicians initiated the majority of discussions in all three categories.

Communicating potential benefits and harms

When discussing potential benefits, clinicians used words alone, numbers alone, and both numbers and words together in 83, 8 and 9% of statements, respectively. When discussing potential harms, clinicians used words alone, numbers alone, and both numbers and words together in 83, 1 and 16% of statements, respectively. Clinicians did not use numbers even when patients specifically asked for more information about probability. Clinicians attempted to convey the inherent uncertainty of the potential benefits and harms of treatment in 73% of statements about potential benefits and in 84% of statements about potential harms. Some used metaphors to illustrate ambiguity; for example, one physician compared forgoing adjuvant treatment to crossing a major, 6-lane local street with one’s eyes closed: “You might cross without incident or you could get hit.” (Clinician 3, Patient 44).

Discussing patients’ and families’ values

To examine discussions of patients’ and families’ values and preferences relevant to radiation therapy, we identified statements about issues that could have an impact on a patient’s life or experiences during or after radiation therapy. Although we conducted this analysis inductively, an existing framework resonated in the data. This framework is taught in our academic medical center as four categories of what matters to patients and should be discussed in clinical consultations: perceptions (perceptions), inquiétudes (worries), craintes (fears) and attentes (expectations). The patient values that were discussed most frequently were: fears about radiation therapy, worries and fears about side effects, and expectations related to the potential benefits of radiation therapy. Fears about radiation therapy included issues related to quality of life and the experience of receiving radiation therapy, including important logistical issues such as how to arrange and pay for transportation and parking for frequent visits.
Comparing who initiated statements, we observed that clinicians initiated 63% of discussions about potential benefits and harms but only 31% of discussions about values. Patients and families initiated the remaining discussions, yielding a significant difference in who drives which aspects of the discussions (Chi-squared (1) = 37.8, p < .001).

Patient recall

Results of the post-visit questionnaire show that most patients (31/39, 79%) responded that a decision had been made during the encounter. A minority of patients indicated that no decision had been made (4/39, 10%) or did not answer this question (4/39, 10%). Some patients wrote in the open comments section that there was no decision to be made because there were, “no other options.” (P32, P39, P40).
Patients recalled significantly fewer potential harms (side effects) than clinicians communicated. While clinicians had presented a median of 8 side effects (IQR 6–11), patients had a median total recall of 2 (IQR 0–3), t(38) = 9.3, p < .001.
Exploring patient recall in the post-visit questionnaires, two patients reported benefits (e.g., “being cured”) and nine patients (23%) reported potential harms. As a function of patient age, sex, health literacy, numeracy, and whether or not the nurse asked the patient what they recalled from their discussion with the physician and resident, we observed that only the nurse’s questioning was associated with patients recalling any harms on the questionnaire (odds ratio, OR 7.5, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.3–67.0, p = .04.)
When asked whether the clinician had asked what mattered to them, 22/39 patients (56%) responded yes, 11/39 responded no (28%) and 5/39 were unsure (13%). Patient reports of the extent to which they experienced shared decision making (SDM-Q-9) were skewed left, with 11/39 patients (28%) reporting a perfect score of 100 on the 0–100 scale, a median score of 89, interquartile range 30, and scores ranging from 16 to 100.

Discussion

This study aimed to describe how clinicians, patients and family members discuss the potential harms and benefits of radiation therapy and what matters to patients, and to observe the potential effects of such communication practices. Our study results lead to five main observations.
First, patients in our study did not recall nearly as much about potential benefits and harms as clinicians communicated. This is in keeping with previous research demonstrating that cancer patients’ recall of what their health care providers tell them during consultations can be limited [26]. Our study suggested that having nurses ask patients what the doctor and resident had said about the side effects of treatment was associated with better patient recall on questionnaires, independent of patient age, health literacy and numeracy. This result aligns with other research showing that such methods of “teach-back” may improve patient understanding and recall [27], including in patients with low health literacy [28]. However, we note that, as we would expect for a study of n = 39, this observed effect has a wide confidence interval and should therefore be interpreted with caution as a promising result that merits further study.
Second, we noted that clinicians in our study typically attempted to convey the inherent uncertainty around the potential benefits and harms of radiation therapy to patients and families. Most statements about benefits and harms included some suggestion of uncertainty. However, due to the low level of patient recall, it is difficult to ascertain whether or not such uncertainty is understood by patients. Clinicians presented uncertainty primarily using words, which could reflect a legitimate concern that patients may not understand probabilities, or an inability to cite an exact probability to patients with different types of cancer and different moderating clinical characteristics. Presenting uncertainty using only words is problematic because verbal labels such as “high risk” or “rare” are interpreted differently by different people [29, 30].
Third, our study suggests that health professionals make efforts to attend to what matters to patients but could do more to integrate patient values into health decisions. Slightly more than half of patients reported that their clinicians asked what mattered to them. Many statements about patients’ values were initiated by patients themselves or by family members. This is problematic because not all patients are comfortable bringing up such issues [31] and, when clinicians rather than patients broach issues relevant to a patient’s life, they are more likely to be addressed [32]. Discussing patients’ values and preferences may be particularly important in palliative care [33].
Fourth, devoting nearly half the time in consultations to providing standard information on radiation therapy raises the question of whether there might be other, more efficient ways to convey such information, freeing up clinicians’ time to focus on patient-specific details around potential benefits and harms, along with what matters to each individual patient and family.
Finally, as previously reported [34], in addition to clinical concerns, the logistics of treatment such as transportation, appointment frequency, and parking matter to radiation oncology patients. Attending to such aspects of the patient experience is part of providing patient-centered care.
Our methods and findings are consistent with those from a study in the Netherlands conducted by Kunneman and colleagues focusing specifically on preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer [35, 36]. The authors found that radiation oncologists mentioned a median of 7 benefits or side effects (range 2–12) of preoperative radiotherapy in each consultation. Unlike our study, radiation oncologists used numbers 59% of the time when describing probabilities, versus 17% in our study. In their study, clinicians initiated discussions of values and preferences in 22% of consultations, which is comparable to our assessment that clinicians initiated 31% of discussions of what matters to patients. Both studies were undertaken in academic medical centers, suggesting that differences in numeric risk communication may reflect cultural differences between the Netherlands and Quebec, Canada or may reflect Kunneman et al.’s focus on a single type of cancer. As in our study, post-visit questionnaires revealed that patients demonstrated limited understanding of the potential side effects of radiation treatment.
Our study had several strengths and limitations. We had high study participation rates by both clinicians and patients, which may demonstrate a shared interest in improving patient-clinician communication. Our data collection methods provided us with rich data to explore how communication occurs in routine clinical radiation oncology care, and the effects of such communication patterns for patients. Our single study site, however, limits generalizability of our results, and our decision to use both qualitative and quantitative methods meant that, because of the time required for qualitative analyses, we could not recruit a large enough sample for well-powered quantitative analyses. Additionally, in assessing patient recall immediately after the clinic visit, we aimed to maximize data completeness and response rate. However, this choice may have compromised our ability to fully capture patient recall because patients might have been too tired or overwhelmed to write down everything they recalled. It is also possible that patients may have recalled even less had we assessed recall several weeks after their appointment.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study suggests that to improve patient knowledge about potential benefits and harms in radiation oncology, a promising approach may be to work within a model of interprofessional care and have a nurse or other professional discuss with patients what they were told. To better integrate patient values into clinical discussions, clinicians who do not already do so may wish to explicitly ask patients and families about their perceptions, worries, fears, and expectations. Ensuring that these elements are covered within consultations may help address the reality that, “a patient isn’t a disease with a body attached but a life into which a disease has intruded” [37].

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all patients, family members and health care professionals who participated in this study for their help in improving communication and patient care.

Funding

This work was supported by institutional start-up funds awarded to Dr. Holly Witteman and by Fonds Gilles-Cormier. The funders had no role in determining the study design, the plans for data collection or analysis, the decision to publish, nor the preparation of this manuscript. HW is supported by a career development award from the Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé, Research Scholar Junior 1. FL is supported by a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Shared Decision Making.

Availability of data and materials

The data generated and analyzed during this study cannot be made publicly available due to regulations at the institutional review board concerning the potential of disclosure of an individual’s personal health information. Please contact the corresponding author regarding access to anonymized data.
The study was approved by the CHU de Québec-Université Laval’s Institutional Review Board (approval number 2014–1769, C13-08-1769). Participants in the study provided written informed consent.
Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://​creativecommons.​org/​licenses/​by/​4.​0/​), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://​creativecommons.​org/​publicdomain/​zero/​1.​0/​) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Barry MJ, Edgman-Levitan S. Shared decision making--pinnacle of patient-centered care. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:780–1.CrossRef Barry MJ, Edgman-Levitan S. Shared decision making--pinnacle of patient-centered care. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:780–1.CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Elwyn G, et al. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27:1361–7.CrossRef Elwyn G, et al. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27:1361–7.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Veroff D, Marr A, Wennberg DE. Enhanced support for shared decision making reduced costs of care for patients with preference-sensitive conditions. Health Aff. 2013;32:285–93.CrossRef Veroff D, Marr A, Wennberg DE. Enhanced support for shared decision making reduced costs of care for patients with preference-sensitive conditions. Health Aff. 2013;32:285–93.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Joosten EAG, et al. Systematic review of the effects of shared decision-making on patient satisfaction, treatment adherence and health status. Psychother Psychosom. 2008;77:219–26.CrossRef Joosten EAG, et al. Systematic review of the effects of shared decision-making on patient satisfaction, treatment adherence and health status. Psychother Psychosom. 2008;77:219–26.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Legare F, Shemilt M, Stacey D. Can shared decision making increase the uptake of evidence in clinical practice? Frontline Gastroenterol. 2011;2:176–81.CrossRef Legare F, Shemilt M, Stacey D. Can shared decision making increase the uptake of evidence in clinical practice? Frontline Gastroenterol. 2011;2:176–81.CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Legare F, Witteman HO. Shared decision making: examining key elements and barriers to adoption into routine clinical practice. Health Aff. 2013;32:276–84.CrossRef Legare F, Witteman HO. Shared decision making: examining key elements and barriers to adoption into routine clinical practice. Health Aff. 2013;32:276–84.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Shabason JE, Mao JJ, Frankel ES, Vapiwala N. Shared decision-making and patient control in radiation oncology: implications for patient satisfaction. Cancer. 2014;120:1863–70.CrossRef Shabason JE, Mao JJ, Frankel ES, Vapiwala N. Shared decision-making and patient control in radiation oncology: implications for patient satisfaction. Cancer. 2014;120:1863–70.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Martinez KA, Resnicow K, Williams GC, Silva M, Abrahamse P, Shumway DA, et al. Does physician communication style impact patient report of decision quality for breast cancer treatment? Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99:1947–54.CrossRef Martinez KA, Resnicow K, Williams GC, Silva M, Abrahamse P, Shumway DA, et al. Does physician communication style impact patient report of decision quality for breast cancer treatment? Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99:1947–54.CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Stiggelbout AM, Pieterse AH, De Haes JCJM. Shared decision making: concepts, evidence, and practice. Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98:1172–9.CrossRef Stiggelbout AM, Pieterse AH, De Haes JCJM. Shared decision making: concepts, evidence, and practice. Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98:1172–9.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Samant R, Aivas I, Bourque J-M, Tucker T. Oncology residents’ perspectives on communication skills and shared decision making. J Canc Educ. 2010;25:474–7.CrossRef Samant R, Aivas I, Bourque J-M, Tucker T. Oncology residents’ perspectives on communication skills and shared decision making. J Canc Educ. 2010;25:474–7.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang EH, et al. Shared decision making and use of decision aids for localized prostate Cancer: perceptions from radiation oncologists and urologists. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:792–9.CrossRef Wang EH, et al. Shared decision making and use of decision aids for localized prostate Cancer: perceptions from radiation oncologists and urologists. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:792–9.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Woodhouse KD, Tremont K, Vachani A, Schapira MM, Vapiwala N, Simone CB 2nd, et al. A review of shared decision-making and patient decision aids in radiation oncology. J Cancer Educ 2017;32:238–245.CrossRef Woodhouse KD, Tremont K, Vachani A, Schapira MM, Vapiwala N, Simone CB 2nd, et al. A review of shared decision-making and patient decision aids in radiation oncology. J Cancer Educ 2017;32:238–245.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bieber C, Nicolai J, Gschwendtner K, Müller N, Reuter K, Buchholz A, et al. How does a shared decision-making (SDM) intervention for oncologists affect participation style and preference matching in patients with breast and Colon Cancer? J Cancer Educ. 2018;33:708–15.CrossRef Bieber C, Nicolai J, Gschwendtner K, Müller N, Reuter K, Buchholz A, et al. How does a shared decision-making (SDM) intervention for oncologists affect participation style and preference matching in patients with breast and Colon Cancer? J Cancer Educ. 2018;33:708–15.CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Berlin L. Shared decision-making: is it time to obtain informed consent before radiologic examinations utilizing ionizing radiation? Legal and ethical implications. J Am Coll Radiol. 2014;11:246–51.CrossRef Berlin L. Shared decision-making: is it time to obtain informed consent before radiologic examinations utilizing ionizing radiation? Legal and ethical implications. J Am Coll Radiol. 2014;11:246–51.CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffmann TC, Montori VM, Del Mar C. The connection between evidence-based medicine and shared decision making. JAMA. 2014;312:1295–6.CrossRef Hoffmann TC, Montori VM, Del Mar C. The connection between evidence-based medicine and shared decision making. JAMA. 2014;312:1295–6.CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Beers E, Lee Nilsen M, Johnson JT. The role of patients: Shared Decision-Making. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017;50:689–708.CrossRef Beers E, Lee Nilsen M, Johnson JT. The role of patients: Shared Decision-Making. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017;50:689–708.CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Chew LD, Bradley KA, Boyko EJ. Brief questions to identify patients with inadequate health literacy. Fam Med. 2004;36:588–94. Chew LD, Bradley KA, Boyko EJ. Brief questions to identify patients with inadequate health literacy. Fam Med. 2004;36:588–94.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Smith DM, Ubel PA, Fagerlin A. Validation of the subjective numeracy scale: effects of low numeracy on comprehension of risk communications and utility elicitations. Med Decis Mak. 2007;27:663–71.CrossRef Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Smith DM, Ubel PA, Fagerlin A. Validation of the subjective numeracy scale: effects of low numeracy on comprehension of risk communications and utility elicitations. Med Decis Mak. 2007;27:663–71.CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Degner LF, Sloan JA, Venkatesh P. The control preferences scale. Can J Nurs Res. 1997;29:21–43.PubMed Degner LF, Sloan JA, Venkatesh P. The control preferences scale. Can J Nurs Res. 1997;29:21–43.PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kriston L, et al. The 9-item shared decision making questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Development and psychometric properties in a primary care sample. Patient Educ Couns. 2010;80:94–9.CrossRef Kriston L, et al. The 9-item shared decision making questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Development and psychometric properties in a primary care sample. Patient Educ Couns. 2010;80:94–9.CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77–101.CrossRef Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77–101.CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Zikmund-Fisher BJ. The right tool is what they need, not what we have: a taxonomy of appropriate levels of precision in patient risk communication. Med Care Res Rev. 2013;70:37S–49S.CrossRef Zikmund-Fisher BJ. The right tool is what they need, not what we have: a taxonomy of appropriate levels of precision in patient risk communication. Med Care Res Rev. 2013;70:37S–49S.CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Fagerlin A, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Ubel PA. Helping patients decide: ten steps to better risk communication. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1436–43.CrossRef Fagerlin A, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Ubel PA. Helping patients decide: ten steps to better risk communication. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1436–43.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Han PKJ, Klein WMP, Arora NK. Varieties of uncertainty in health care: a conceptual taxonomy. Med Decis Mak. 2011;31:828–38.CrossRef Han PKJ, Klein WMP, Arora NK. Varieties of uncertainty in health care: a conceptual taxonomy. Med Decis Mak. 2011;31:828–38.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Witteman HO, et al. Design features of explicit values clarification methods: a systematic review. Med Decis Mak. 2016;36:453–71.CrossRef Witteman HO, et al. Design features of explicit values clarification methods: a systematic review. Med Decis Mak. 2016;36:453–71.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Meulen N, Jansen J, van Dulmen S, Bensing J, van Weert J. Interventions to improve recall of medical information in cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature. Psychooncology. 2008;17:857–68.CrossRef van der Meulen N, Jansen J, van Dulmen S, Bensing J, van Weert J. Interventions to improve recall of medical information in cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature. Psychooncology. 2008;17:857–68.CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat White M, Garbez R, Carroll M, Brinker E, Howie-Esquivel J. Is ‘teach-back’ associated with knowledge retention and hospital readmission in hospitalized heart failure patients? J Cardiovascular Nurs. 2013;28:137–46.CrossRef White M, Garbez R, Carroll M, Brinker E, Howie-Esquivel J. Is ‘teach-back’ associated with knowledge retention and hospital readmission in hospitalized heart failure patients? J Cardiovascular Nurs. 2013;28:137–46.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamariz L, Palacio A, Robert M, Marcus EN. Improving the informed consent process for research subjects with low literacy: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 2013;28:121–6.CrossRef Tamariz L, Palacio A, Robert M, Marcus EN. Improving the informed consent process for research subjects with low literacy: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 2013;28:121–6.CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Woloshin K, Ruffin M. Patients’ interpretation of qualitative probability statements. Arch Fam Med. 1994;3:961.CrossRef Woloshin K, Ruffin M. Patients’ interpretation of qualitative probability statements. Arch Fam Med. 1994;3:961.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Tavana M, Kennedy DT, Mohebbi B. An applied study using the analytic hierarchy process to translate common verbal phrases to numerical probabilities. J Behav Decis Making. 1997;10:133–50.CrossRef Tavana M, Kennedy DT, Mohebbi B. An applied study using the analytic hierarchy process to translate common verbal phrases to numerical probabilities. J Behav Decis Making. 1997;10:133–50.CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Frosch DL, May SG, Rendle KAS, Tietbohl C, Elwyn G. Authoritarian physicians and Patients' fear of being labeled “difficult” among key obstacles to shared decision making. Health Aff. 2012;31:1030–8.CrossRef Frosch DL, May SG, Rendle KAS, Tietbohl C, Elwyn G. Authoritarian physicians and Patients' fear of being labeled “difficult” among key obstacles to shared decision making. Health Aff. 2012;31:1030–8.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz A, Weiner SJ, Binns-Calvey A, Weaver FM. Providers contextualise care more often when they discover patient context by asking: meta-analysis of three primary data sets. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;25:159–63.CrossRef Schwartz A, Weiner SJ, Binns-Calvey A, Weaver FM. Providers contextualise care more often when they discover patient context by asking: meta-analysis of three primary data sets. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;25:159–63.CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Cain CL, Surbone A, Elk R, Kagawa-Singer M. Culture and palliative care: preferences, communication, meaning, and mutual decision making. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2018;55:1408–19.CrossRef Cain CL, Surbone A, Elk R, Kagawa-Singer M. Culture and palliative care: preferences, communication, meaning, and mutual decision making. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2018;55:1408–19.CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Parikh P, et al. Multidisciplinary shared decision making in the Management of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(Suppl 3):S516–21.CrossRef Parikh P, et al. Multidisciplinary shared decision making in the Management of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(Suppl 3):S516–21.CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kunneman M, Stiggelbout AM, Marijnen CAM, Pieterse AH. Probabilities of benefit and harms of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: what do radiation oncologists tell and what do patients understand? Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98:1092–8.CrossRef Kunneman M, Stiggelbout AM, Marijnen CAM, Pieterse AH. Probabilities of benefit and harms of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: what do radiation oncologists tell and what do patients understand? Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98:1092–8.CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kunneman M, et al. Considering patient values and treatment preferences enhances patient involvement in rectal cancer treatment decision making. Radiother Oncol. 2015;117:338–42.CrossRef Kunneman M, et al. Considering patient values and treatment preferences enhances patient involvement in rectal cancer treatment decision making. Radiother Oncol. 2015;117:338–42.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Jain SH. What it really takes to listen to patients. Harvard Bus Rev. 2014. Jain SH. What it really takes to listen to patients. Harvard Bus Rev. 2014.
Metadaten
Titel
Talking about treatment benefits, harms, and what matters to patients in radiation oncology: an observational study
verfasst von
Laurie Pilote
Luc Côté
Selma Chipenda Dansokho
Émilie Brouillard
Anik M. C. Giguère
France Légaré
Roland Grad
Holly O. Witteman
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2019
Verlag
BioMed Central
Erschienen in
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making / Ausgabe 1/2019
Elektronische ISSN: 1472-6947
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0800-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2019

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 1/2019 Zur Ausgabe