Technical Feasibility and Clinical Efficacy of Iliac Vein Stent Placement in Adolescents and Young Adults with May–Thurner Syndrome

To report technical feasibility and clinical efficacy of iliac vein stent placement in adolescent patients with May–Thurner Syndrome (MTS).

Single-institution retrospective review of the medical record between 2014 and 2021 found 63 symptomatic patients (F = 40/63; mean age 16.1 years, 12–20 years) who underwent left common iliac vein (LCIV) stent placement for treatment of LCIV compression from an overriding right common iliac artery, or equivalent (n = 1, left IVC). 32/63 (50.7%) patients presented with non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVL). 31/63 (49.2%) patients presented with deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity and required catheter-directed thrombolysis after stent placement (tMTS). Outcomes include technically successful stent placement with resolution of anatomic compression and symptom improvement. Stent patency was monitored with Kaplan–Meier analysis at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet (AC/AP) regimens were reported.

Technical success rate was 98.4%. 74 bare-metal self-expanding stents were placed in 63 patients. Primary patency at 12, and 24-months was 93.5%, and 88.9% for the NIVL group and 84.4% and 84.4% for the tMTS group for the same period. Overall patency for the same time intervals was 100%, and 95.4% for the NIVL group and 96.9%, and 96.9% for the tMTS group. Procedural complication rate was 3.2% (2/63) with no thrombolysis-related bleeding complications. Clinical success was achieved in 30/32 (93.8%) and 29/31 (93.5%) patients with tMTS and NIVL groups, respectively.

CIV stent placement in the setting of tMTS and NIVL is technically feasible and clinically efficacious in young patients with excellent patency rates and a favorable safety profile.