Introduction
Methods
Results
Country | New diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (n) | DKA prevalence, % (95% CI) | Standardised DKA prevalence, % (95% CI)a |
---|---|---|---|
Australia (ADDN) | 4428 | 24.9 (23.6, 26.2) | 24.9 (23.4, 26.4) |
Austria | 1504 | 38.0 (35.6, 40.5) | 37.7 (34.6, 40.7) |
Czechia | 2261 | 28.8 (27.0, 30.7) | 28.6 (26.4, 30.8) |
Denmark | 3084 | 20.7 (19.3, 22.1) | 20.8 (19.1, 22.4) |
Germany | 19,127 | 26.8 (26.2, 27.4) | 26.8 (26.1, 27.5) |
Italy | 10,317 | 41.2 (40.3, 42.2) | 41.2 (39.9, 42.4) |
Luxembourg | 192 | 43.8 (36.9, 50.9) | 43.8 (34.5, 53.2) |
New Zealand (Auckland) | 670 | 26.3 (23.1, 29.7) | 26.3 (22.4, 30.2) |
Norway | 3331 | 22.1 (20.7, 23.5) | 22.1 (20.5, 23.7) |
Slovenia | 471 | 40.3 (36.0, 44.8) | 39.9 (34.2, 45.6) |
Sweden | 6457 | 19.5 (18.6, 20.5) | 19.5 (18.4, 20.6) |
USA (SEARCH) | 5485 | 36.9 (35.6, 38.1) | 37.0 (35.4, 38.6) |
UK (Wales) | 1673 | 25.0 (23.0, 27.2) | 25.0 (22.6, 27.4) |
All countries combined | 59,000 | 29.2 (28.8, 29.6) |
Country | Female sex | Male sex | p valuea | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type 1 diabetes (n) | DKA prevalence (95% CI) | Type 1 diabetes (n) | DKA prevalence (95% CI) | ||
0.5–4.9 years | |||||
Australia (ADDN) | 483 | 31.3 (26.3, 36.2) | 561 | 32.6 (27.9, 37.3) | 0.874 |
Austria | 164 | 45.7 (35.4, 56.1) | 220 | 45.0 (36.2, 53.8) | 0.935 |
Czechia | 275 | 34.5 (27.6, 41.5) | 316 | 34.5 (28.0, 41.0) | 0.989 |
Denmark | 241 | 24.5 (18.2, 30.7) | 287 | 17.4 (12.6, 22.2) | 0.153 |
Germany | 1948 | 33.0 (30.5, 35.6) | 2047 | 31.0 (28.6, 33.4) | 0.450 |
Italy | 1115 | 51.0 (46.8, 55.2) | 1222 | 50.2 (46.2, 54.1) | 0.874 |
Luxembourg | 13 | 76.9 (46.2, 95.5) | 24 | 54.2 (24.8, 83.5) | 0.450 |
New Zealand (Auckland) | 56 | 28.6 (14.6, 42.6) | 63 | 22.2 (10.6, 33.8) | 0.694 |
Norway | 288 | 24.3 (18.6, 30.0) | 345 | 26.7 (21.2, 32.1) | 0.747 |
Slovenia | 60 | 53.3 (34.9, 71.8) | 71 | 35.2 (21.4, 49.0) | 0.145 |
Sweden | 669 | 19.7 (16.4, 23.1) | 755 | 17.2 (14.3, 20.2) | 0.481 |
USA (SEARCH) | 472 | 41.5 (35.7, 47.3) | 568 | 45.6 (40.1, 51.1) | 0.457 |
UK (Wales) | 147 | 27.9 (19.4, 36.4) | 169 | 38.5 (29.1, 47.8) | 0.153 |
All countries combined | 5931 | 35.2 (33.7, 36.7) | 6648 | 34.4 (33.0, 35.8) | 0.326 |
5–9.9 years | |||||
Australia (ADDN) | 931 | 24.0 (20.8, 27.1) | 888 | 18.9 (16.1, 21.8) | 0.058 |
Austria | 247 | 30.8 (23.9, 37.7) | 275 | 32.0 (25.3, 38.7) | 0.874 |
Czechia | 433 | 25.9 (21.1, 30.7) | 453 | 25.4 (20.8, 30.0) | 0.935 |
Denmark | 550 | 20.9 (17.1, 24.7) | 537 | 15.6 (12.3, 19.0) | 0.107 |
Germany | 3528 | 25.4 (23.7, 27.0) | 3570 | 21.8 (20.3, 23.4) | 0.019 |
Italy | 1937 | 37.2 (34.5, 39.9) | 2009 | 35.6 (33.0, 38.2) | 0.561 |
Luxembourg | 33 | 54.5 (29.4, 79.7) | 35 | 31.4 (12.9, 50.0) | 0.162 |
New Zealand (Auckland) | 119 | 22.7 (14.1, 31.2) | 111 | 18.9 (10.8, 27.0) | 0.747 |
Norway | 591 | 21.5 (17.8, 25.2) | 620 | 14.8 (11.8, 17.9) | 0.030 |
Slovenia | 82 | 48.8 (33.7, 63.9) | 91 | 25.3 (15.0, 35.6) | 0.026 |
Sweden | 1154 | 14.9 (12.7, 17.1) | 1178 | 13.8 (11.6, 15.9) | 0.694 |
USA (SEARCH) | 1056 | 37.2 (33.5, 40.9) | 985 | 32.2 (28.6, 35.7) | 0.083 |
UK (Wales) | 318 | 17.3 (12.7, 21.9) | 262 | 26.7 (20.5, 33.0) | 0.047 |
All countries combined | 10,979 | 27.1 (26.1, 28.1) | 11,014 | 24 (23.1, 24.9) | <0.001 |
10–14.9 years | |||||
Australia (ADDN) | 753 | 22.8 (19.4, 26.3) | 812 | 25.1 (21.7, 28.6) | 0.561 |
Austria | 255 | 44.7 (36.5, 52.9) | 343 | 35.0 (28.7, 41.2) | 0.083 |
Czechia | 347 | 27.4 (21.9, 32.9) | 437 | 28.6 (23.6, 33.6) | 0.874 |
Denmark | 689 | 22.9 (19.4, 26.5) | 780 | 21.9 (18.6, 25.2) | 0.874 |
Germany | 3510 | 26.5 (24.8, 28.2) | 4524 | 27.5 (26.0, 29.0) | 0.561 |
Italy | 1775 | 41.5 (38.5, 44.5) | 2259 | 39.6 (37.0, 42.2) | 0.481 |
Luxembourg | 32 | 34.4 (14.1, 54.7) | 55 | 38.2 (21.9, 54.5) | 0.874 |
New Zealand (Auckland) | 152 | 32.9 (23.8, 42.0) | 169 | 28.4 (20.4, 36.4) | 0.679 |
Norway | 645 | 23.9 (20.1, 27.6) | 842 | 23.8 (20.5, 27.0) | 0.981 |
Slovenia | 82 | 42.7 (28.6, 56.8) | 85 | 41.2 (27.6, 54.8) | 0.935 |
Sweden | 1183 | 25.0 (22.2, 27.9) | 1518 | 24.3 (21.8, 26.8) | 0.874 |
USA (SEARCH) | 1083 | 32.4 (29.0, 35.8) | 1321 | 38.2 (34.9, 41.6) | 0.030 |
UK (Wales) | 363 | 23.7 (18.7, 28.7) | 414 | 24.6 (19.9, 29.4) | 0.874 |
All countries combined | 10,869 | 29.3 (28.3, 30.3) | 13,559 | 29.8 (28.9, 30.7) | 0.444 |
Country | Year at diabetes diagnosis | Female vs male sex | Age < 5 years vs 10–14.9 years | Age 5–9.9 years vs 10–14.9 years | Ethnic minority vs non-minority status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia (ADDN) | 1.024 (1.002, 1.046) | 1.014 (0.893, 1.152) | 1.420 (1.214, 1.660) | 0.930 (0.795, 1.089) | 1.123 (0.980, 1.286) |
Austria | 1.000 (0.979, 1.021) | 1.105 (0.974, 1.255) | 1.157 (0.999, 1.339) | 0.789 (0.673, 0.927) | 1.361 (1.188, 1.558) |
Czechiaa,b | 0.995 (0.972, 1.020) | 0.993 (0.872, 1.130) | 1.227 (1.048, 1.438) | 0.911 (0.777, 1.068) | – |
Denmark | 1.021 (0.999, 1.044) | 1.179 (1.027, 1.353) | 0.911 (0.751, 1.103) | 0.809 (0.692, 0.947) | 1.533 (1.255, 1.874) |
Germany | 1.011 (1.003, 1.018) | 1.048 (1.000, 1.098) | 1.178 (1.112, 1.248) | 0.868 (0.822, 0.918) | 1.281 (1.208, 1.358) |
Italy | 0.988 (0.980, 0.995) | 1.039 (0.992, 1.088) | 1.244 (1.177, 1.315) | 0.895 (0.846, 0.947) | 1.170 (1.085, 1.262) |
Luxembourg | 1.000 (0.944, 1.059) | 1.312 (0.968, 1.777) | 1.743 (1.203, 2.525) | 1.152 (0.783, 1.695) | 1.075 (0.774, 1.493) |
New Zealand (Auckland) | 1.021 (0.982, 1.061) | 1.187 (0.921, 1.530) | 0.827 (0.583, 1.173) | 0.683 (0.505, 0.923) | 0.881 (0.652, 1.192) |
Norway | 1.010 (0.990, 1.031) | 1.077 (0.949, 1.223) | 1.055 (0.898, 1.239) | 0.751 (0.646, 0.872) | 1.538 (1.262, 1.875) |
Sloveniaa,b | 1.004 (0.971, 1.037) | 1.411 (1.126, 1.768) | 1.076 (0.830, 1.396) | 0.906 (0.696, 1.179) | – |
Sweden | 1.015 (0.999, 1.031) | 1.057 (0.958, 1.166) | 0.757 (0.666, 0.86) | 0.582 (0.516, 0.655) | 1.567 (1.255, 1.958) |
USA (SEARCH) | 1.063 (1.042, 1.085) | 0.954 (0.891, 1.022) | 1.234 (1.132, 1.346) | 0.986 (0.911, 1.068) | 1.141 (1.063, 1.224) |
UK (Wales) | 0.993 (0.967, 1.020) | 0.785 (0.664, 0.929) | 1.368 (1.121, 1.670) | 0.904 (0.741, 1.105) | 1.280 (0.933, 1.756) |
All countries combineda | 1.007 (1.003, 1.011) | 1.038 (1.012, 1.064) | 1.176 (1.140, 1.212) | 0.863 (0.838, 0.889) | – |