Backgound
Methods
National Interview Surveys
Data Collection
Statistical analyses
Results
Samples' characteristics
1995-6 | 1998-9 | 2005-6 | Test (p-value) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | 38,504 | 38,688 | 25,348 | |
Women (%) | 20,451 (53.1) | 20,556 (53.1) | 13,322 (52.6) | 2.47 (0.30) |
Age group (%) | ||||
18-24 | 4,962 (12.9) | 4,685 (12.1) | 3,222 (12.7) | 146.3 (<0.001) |
25-34 | 5,389 (14.0) | 5,722 (14.8) | 3,309 (13.1) | |
35-44 | 6,319 (16.4) | 6,344 (16.4) | 3,934 (15.5) | |
45-54 | 6,319 (16.4) | 6,379 (16.5) | 4,249 (16.8) | |
55-64 | 6,445 (16.7) | 6,122 (15.8) | 3,906 (15.4) | |
65-74 | 5,567 (14.5) | 5,707 (14.8) | 3,917 (15.5) | |
75+ | 3,503 (9.1) | 3,729 (9.6) | 2,811 (11.1) | |
Educational level (%) | ||||
Primary | 28,570 (74.2) | 26,682 (69.0) | 15,060 (59.4) | 1557.3 (<0.001) |
Secondary | 7,293 (18.9) | 8,787 (22.7) | 7,472 (29.5) | |
University | 2,641 (6.9) | 3,219 (8.3) | 2,816 (11.1) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Average ± SD | 25.2 ± 4.0 | 25.4 ± 4.1 | 25.7 ± 4.5 | 87.9 (<0.001) |
Median (IQR) | 24.8 (22.5 - 27.5) | 25.0 (22.6 - 27.7) | 25.2 (22.6 - 28.1) | |
BMI categories (%) | ||||
Normal | 20,164 (52.4) | 19,420 (50.2) | 12,294 (48.5) | 202.4 (<0.001) |
Overweight | 13,909 (36.1) | 14,312 (37.0) | 9,233 (36.4) | |
Obese | 4,431 (11.5) | 4,956 (12.8) | 3,821 (15.1) | |
Men
| ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Average ± SD | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 25.7 ± 3.7 | 25.9 ± 4.1 | 61.8 (<0.001) |
Median (IQR) | 25.1 (23.1 - 27.5) | 25.4 (23.2 - 27.7) | 25.6 (23.3 - 28.3) | |
BMI categories (%) | ||||
Normal | 8,887 (49.2) | 8,358 (46.1) | 5,330 (44.3) | 138.4 (<0.001) |
Overweight | 7,310 (40.5) | 7,702 (42.5) | 5,006 (41.6) | |
Obese | 1,856 (10.3) | 2,072 (11.4) | 1,690 (14.1) | |
Women
| ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Average ± SD | 25.0 ± 4.4 | 25.2 ± 4.5 | 25.4 ± 4.8 | 32.8 (<0.001) |
Median (IQR) | 24.4 (21.9 - 27.5) | 24.7 (22.0 - 27.9) | 24.8 (22.0 - 28.1) | |
BMI categories (%) | ||||
Normal | 11,277 (55.1) | 11,062 (53.8) | 6,964 (52.3) | 80.18 (<0.001) |
Overweight | 6,599 (32.3) | 6,610 (32.2) | 4,227 (31.7) | |
Obese | 2,575 (12.6) | 2,884 (14.0) | 2,131 (16.0) |
Trends in overweight and obesity
Gender/age group | 1995-6 | 1998-9 | 2005-6 |
---|---|---|---|
Men
| |||
Overweight (%) | |||
18-24 | 20.9 (19.4 - 22.5) | 20.5 (18.9 - 22.1) | 16.8 (15.0 - 18.6) |
25-34 | 36.1 (34.3 - 37.9) | 36.6 (34.8 - 38.4) | 39.7 (37.4 - 42.1) |
35-44 | 44.4 (42.6 - 46.1) | 46.9 (45.1 - 48.7) | 46.0 (43.7 - 48.2) |
45-54 | 49.9 (48.1 - 51.7) | 49.7 (47.9 - 51.4) | 47.4 (45.2 - 49.6) |
55-64 | 46.9 (45.0 - 48.7) | 49.9 (48.0 - 51.7) | 48.3 (46.0 - 50.6) |
65-74 | 43.6 (41.7 - 45.5) | 47.9 (46.0 - 49.8) | 47.2 (44.9 - 49.6) |
75+ | 37.8 (35.3 - 40.4) | 42.7 (40.2 - 45.2) | 43.8 (41.0 - 46.6) |
Obesity (%) | |||
18-24 | 2.1 (1.5 - 2.6) | 3.2 (2.5 - 3.9) | 3.7 (2.8 - 4.6) |
25-34 | 6.6 (5.6 - 7.5) | 7.1 (6.1 - 8.0) | 8.3 (7.0 - 9.6) |
35-44 | 11.1 (10.0 - 12.3) | 11.8 (10.7 - 13.0) | 13.9 (12.3 - 15.4) |
45-54 | 13.4 (12.2 - 14.6) | 15.0 (13.7 - 16.3) | 19.5 (17.7 - 21.2) |
55-64 | 15.7 (14.4 - 17.0) | 16.2 (14.8 - 17.6) | 20.1 (18.3 - 22.0) |
65-74 | 13.0 (11.7 - 14.3) | 14.9 (13.5 - 16.3) | 17.7 (15.9 - 19.5) |
75+ | 7.8 (6.4 - 9.2) | 10.1 (8.6 - 11.7) | 12.9 (11.0 - 14.7) |
Women
| |||
Overweight (%) | |||
18-24 | 10.7 (9.4 - 11.9) | 10.4 (9.1 - 11.7) | 10.2 (8.6 - 11.7) |
25-34 | 23.1 (21.5 - 24.7) | 21.9 (20.4 - 23.4) | 21.5 (19.5 - 23.4) |
35-44 | 34.1 (32.4 - 35.7) | 32.1 (30.5 - 33.7) | 28.5 (26.6 - 30.5) |
45-54 | 39.0 (37.4 - 40.7) | 38.9 (37.2 - 40.5) | 37.0 (35.0 - 39.0) |
55-64 | 41.1 (39.4 - 42.7) | 41.1 (39.4 - 42.7) | 42.4 (40.3 - 44.6) |
65-74 | 39.9 (38.1 - 41.6) | 39.7 (38.0 - 41.4) | 41.8 (39.7 - 43.8) |
75+ | 29.3 (27.4 - 31.2) | 33.5 (31.6 - 35.5) | 32.8 (30.4 - 35.1) |
Obesity (%) | |||
18-24 | 2.0 (1.4 - 2.5) | 2.3 (1.6 - 2.9) | 2.7 (1.9 - 3.5) |
25-34 | 5.6 (4.7 - 6.4) | 6.4 (5.5 - 7.3) | 8.0 (6.6 - 9.3) |
35-44 | 11.4 (10.3 - 12.4) | 11.9 (10.8 - 13.0) | 13.5 (12.0 - 14.9) |
45-54 | 17.8 (16.5 - 19.1) | 19.4 (18.1 - 20.7) | 20.5 (18.8 - 22.1) |
55-64 | 19.0 (17.7 - 20.3) | 20.3 (18.9 - 21.7) | 22.8 (21.0 - 24.6) |
65-74 | 16.1 (14.8 - 17.4) | 19.3 (17.9 - 20.7) | 22.6 (20.8 - 24.4) |
75+ | 11.7 (10.3 - 13.0) | 14.2 (12.7 - 15.6) | 16.6 (14.8 - 18.4) |
Gender/age group | 1995-6 | 1998-9 | 2005-6 |
---|---|---|---|
Men
| |||
Overweight (%) | |||
Primary | 42.9 (42.0 - 43.7) | 45.7 (44.8 - 46.6) | 45.5 (44.4 - 46.7) |
Secondary | 35.4 (33.9 - 36.9) | 36.4 (35.0 - 37.8) | 35.6 (34.1 - 37.1) |
University | 31.1 (28.5 - 33.7) | 34.4 (31.9 - 36.9) | 38.3 (35.6 - 41.1) |
Obesity (%) | |||
Primary | 11.8 (11.2 - 12.3) | 13.6 (13.0 - 14.2) | 17.5 (16.6 - 18.3) |
Secondary | 6.6 (5.8 - 7.3) | 7.6 (6.8 - 8.3) | 9.3 (8.4 - 10.2) |
University | 6.1 (4.8 - 7.5) | 5.0 (3.8 - 6.1) | 9.7 (8.0 - 11.3) |
Women
| |||
Overweight (%) | |||
Primary | 36.9 (36.2 - 37.7) | 37.8 (37.0 - 38.5) | 38.7 (37.7 - 39.8) |
Secondary | 20.1 (18.7 - 21.4) | 20.3 (19.1 - 21.5) | 21.6 (20.3 - 22.9) |
University | 11.6 (9.9 - 13.2) | 14.8 (13.2 - 16.4) | 19.1 (17.2 - 21.1) |
Obesity (%) | |||
Primary | 15.3 (14.7 - 15.9) | 17.8 (17.2 - 18.4) | 21.4 (20.5 - 22.3) |
Secondary | 4.8 (4.1 - 5.5) | 5.6 (4.9 - 6.3) | 8.4 (7.4 - 9.3) |
University | 2.2 (1.4 - 2.9) | 3.1 (2.3 - 3.8) | 6.1 (4.9 - 7.2) |
Men | Women | |
---|---|---|
Survey year
| ||
1995-6 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
1998-9 | 1.15 [1.07 - 1.23] | 1.18 [1.11 - 1.25] |
2005-6 | 1.51 [1.41 - 1.62] | 1.49 [1.40 - 1.59] |
Educational level (%)
| ||
Primary | 1.79 [1.57 - 2.05] | 3.80 [3.25 - 4.43] |
Secondary | 1.30 [1.13 - 1.50] | 1.76 [1.49 - 2.09] |
University | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Age group (%)
| ||
18-24 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
25-34 | 2.43 [2.05 - 2.88] | 2.40 [1.98 - 2.91] |
35-44 | 4.11 [3.50 - 4.82] | 4.19 [3.49 - 5.03] |
45-54 | 5.30 [4.53 - 6.21] | 6.41 [5.35 - 7.68] |
55-64 | 5.67 [4.84 - 6.66] | 6.37 [5.31 - 7.63] |
65-74 | 4.75 [4.04 - 5.59] | 5.56 [4.63 - 6.68] |
75+ | 2.97 [2.48 - 3.56] | 3.78 [3.13 - 4.57] |
Men | Women | |
---|---|---|
Survey year | ||
1995-6 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
1998-9 | 1.14 [1.09 - 1.19] | 1.07 [1.03 - 1.12] |
2005-6 | 1.20 [1.14 - 1.26] | 1.20 [1.14 - 1.26] |
Educational level (%) | ||
Primary | 1.45 [1.34 - 1.56] | 3.12 [2.86 - 3.40] |
Secondary | 1.26 [1.16 - 1.36] | 1.59 [1.45 - 1.74] |
University | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Age group (%) | ||
18-24 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
25-34 | 2.55 [2.36 - 2.76] | 2.21 [1.99 - 2.44] |
35-44 | 4.05 [3.74 - 4.37] | 3.64 [3.31 - 4.01] |
45-54 | 5.11 [4.72 - 5.54] | 5.20 [4.72 - 5.74] |
55-64 | 4.99 [4.59 - 5.42] | 5.59 [5.06 - 6.17] |
65-74 | 4.19 [3.85 - 4.56] | 4.87 [4.40 - 5.38] |
75+ | 2.98 [2.71 - 3.27] | 2.83 [2.55 - 3.15] |
Discussion
Period | Portugal 2005-6 | Switzerland, 2007 | France, 2006 | France, 2009 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||
[18-34] | 6.0 | 4.9 | 7.5 a
| 8.5 a
|
[35-44] | 13.9 | 7.8 | 11.5 | 13.0 |
[45-54] | 19.5 | 10.3 | 15.0 | 16.0 |
[55-64] | 20.1 | 13.4 | 19.0 | 20.0 |
[65-74] | 17.7 | 13.3 | 17.0 | 18.0 |
[75+ | 12.9 | 9.2 | ||
Women | ||||
[18-34] | 5.5 | 4.6 | 10.0 a
| 12.0 a
|
[35-44] | 13.5 | 6.0 | 15.0 | 14.5 |
[45-54] | 20.5 | 8.7 | 15.0 | 16.0 |
[55-64] | 22.8 | 10.8 | 18.0 | 19.5 |
[65-74] | 22.6 | 13.1 | 16.0 | 18.0 |
[75+] | 16.6 | 9.9 |