Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Arthroskopie 2/2018

07.03.2018 | Stoßwellentherapie | Leitthema

Behandlungsstrategien bei Tendinopathien der Achillessehne

verfasst von: PD Dr. A. Hirschmüller, L. Weisskopf

Erschienen in: Arthroskopie | Ausgabe 2/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Tendinopathien der Achillessehnen stellen ein häufiges Krankheitsbild dar. Insbesondere sportlich aktive Menschen haben eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit, an einer Achillessehnentendinopathie zu erkranken. Dieser Review gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen evidenzbasierten Therapieoptionen. Dabei ist es entscheidend, insertionale Beschwerden von Tendinopathien der Sehnenmitte zu unterscheiden. Die Basistherapie bildet bei beiden Erkrankungen das Hochlasttraining der Sehne, wobei verschiedene Therapieprotokolle beschrieben werden. Das „heavy load eccentric training“ gilt nach wie vor noch als der Goldstandard, auch wenn neue Methoden wie das „heavy slow resistance training“, isometrische Protokolle und „tendon neuroplastic training“ im Kommen sind. Zusätzlich haben sich die Stoßwellentherapie und Injektionen mit plättchenreichem Plasma (PRP) oder Hyaluronsäure als wirksam erwiesen. Minimal-invasive Therapiemethoden sind außerdem Hochvolumeninjektionen („high-volume injections“, HVI) und ultraschallgesteuerte Tenotomien der Sehne. Zusätzlich konnte auch für das operative Vorgehen und für die Sklerosierung eine positive Wirkung nachgewiesen werden. Bei den insertionalen Beschwerden sollte die Indikation zur operativen Versorgung großzügig gestellt werden, v. a. beim Vorliegen von Kalzifikationen oder einer Haglund-Exostose, da hier die Ergebnisse der konservativen Therapie schlechter sind.
Literatur
1.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R (1998) Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med 26:360–366CrossRefPubMed Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R (1998) Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med 26:360–366CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Andres BM, Murrell GA (2008) Treatment of tendinopathy: what works, what does not, and what is on the horizon. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466:1539–1554CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Andres BM, Murrell GA (2008) Treatment of tendinopathy: what works, what does not, and what is on the horizon. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466:1539–1554CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Beyer R, Kongsgaard M, Hougs Kjaer B, Ohlenschlaeger T, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP (2015) Heavy slow resistance versus eccentric training as treatment for Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 43:1704–1711CrossRefPubMed Beyer R, Kongsgaard M, Hougs Kjaer B, Ohlenschlaeger T, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP (2015) Heavy slow resistance versus eccentric training as treatment for Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 43:1704–1711CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Boesen AP, Hansen R, Boesen MI, Malliaras P, Langberg H (2017) Effect of high-volume injection, platelet-rich plasma, and sham treatment in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized double-blinded prospective study. Am J Sports Med 45:2034–2043CrossRefPubMed Boesen AP, Hansen R, Boesen MI, Malliaras P, Langberg H (2017) Effect of high-volume injection, platelet-rich plasma, and sham treatment in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized double-blinded prospective study. Am J Sports Med 45:2034–2043CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Cook JL, Feller JA, Bonar SF, Khan KM (2004) Abnormal tenocyte morphology is more prevalent than collagen disruption in asymptomatic athletes’ patellar tendons. J Orthop Res 22:334–338CrossRefPubMed Cook JL, Feller JA, Bonar SF, Khan KM (2004) Abnormal tenocyte morphology is more prevalent than collagen disruption in asymptomatic athletes’ patellar tendons. J Orthop Res 22:334–338CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Cook JL, Purdam CR (2009) Is tendon pathology a continuum? A pathology model to explain the clinical presentation of load-induced tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 43:409–416CrossRefPubMed Cook JL, Purdam CR (2009) Is tendon pathology a continuum? A pathology model to explain the clinical presentation of load-induced tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 43:409–416CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Duthon VB, Lubbeke A, Duc SR, Stern R, Assal M (2011) Noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy treated with gastrocnemius lengthening. Foot Ankle Int 32:375–379CrossRefPubMed Duthon VB, Lubbeke A, Duc SR, Stern R, Assal M (2011) Noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy treated with gastrocnemius lengthening. Foot Ankle Int 32:375–379CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Elias I, Raikin SM, Besser MP, Nazarian LN (2009) Outcomes of chronic insertional Achilles tendinosis using FHL autograft through single incision. Foot Ankle Int 30:197–204CrossRefPubMed Elias I, Raikin SM, Besser MP, Nazarian LN (2009) Outcomes of chronic insertional Achilles tendinosis using FHL autograft through single incision. Foot Ankle Int 30:197–204CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Erroi D, Sigona M, Suarez T, Trischitta D, Pavan A, Vulpiani MC, Vetrano M (2017) Conservative treatment for Insertional Achilles tendinopathy: platelet-rich plasma and focused shock waves. A retrospective study. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 7:98–106CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Erroi D, Sigona M, Suarez T, Trischitta D, Pavan A, Vulpiani MC, Vetrano M (2017) Conservative treatment for Insertional Achilles tendinopathy: platelet-rich plasma and focused shock waves. A retrospective study. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 7:98–106CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Furia JP (2006) High-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 34:733–740CrossRefPubMed Furia JP (2006) High-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 34:733–740CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaulke R, Krettek C (2017) Tendinopathies of the foot and ankle: evidence for the origin, diagnostics and therapy. Unfallchirurg 120:205–213CrossRefPubMed Gaulke R, Krettek C (2017) Tendinopathies of the foot and ankle: evidence for the origin, diagnostics and therapy. Unfallchirurg 120:205–213CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasselbalch L, Holmich P (2017) Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Ugeskr Laeger 179(40):pii: V8160596 Hasselbalch L, Holmich P (2017) Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Ugeskr Laeger 179(40):pii: V8160596
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirschmüller A, Südkamp N (2010) Tendinopathien der Achillessehne – Auf der Stufe zum Erfolg. Physiopraxis 8(1):26–29CrossRef Hirschmüller A, Südkamp N (2010) Tendinopathien der Achillessehne – Auf der Stufe zum Erfolg. Physiopraxis 8(1):26–29CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirschmuller A, Baur H, Muller S, Helwig P, Dickhuth HH, Mayer F (2011) Clinical effectiveness of customised sport shoe orthoses for overuse injuries in runners: a randomised controlled study. Br J Sports Med 45:959–965CrossRefPubMed Hirschmuller A, Baur H, Muller S, Helwig P, Dickhuth HH, Mayer F (2011) Clinical effectiveness of customised sport shoe orthoses for overuse injuries in runners: a randomised controlled study. Br J Sports Med 45:959–965CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Jonsson P, Alfredson H, Sunding K, Fahlstrom M, Cook J (2008) New regimen for eccentric calf-muscle training in patients with chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy: results of a pilot study. Br J Sports Med 42:746–749CrossRefPubMed Jonsson P, Alfredson H, Sunding K, Fahlstrom M, Cook J (2008) New regimen for eccentric calf-muscle training in patients with chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy: results of a pilot study. Br J Sports Med 42:746–749CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan KM, Cook JL, Maffulli N, Kannus P (2000) Where is the pain coming from in tendinopathy? It may be biochemical, not only structural. Br J Sports Med 34:81–83CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Khan KM, Cook JL, Maffulli N, Kannus P (2000) Where is the pain coming from in tendinopathy? It may be biochemical, not only structural. Br J Sports Med 34:81–83CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Knobloch K, Grasemann R, Spies M, Vogt PM (2008) Midportion achilles tendon microcirculation after intermittent combined cryotherapy and compression compared with cryotherapy alone: a randomized trial. Am J Sports Med 36:2128–2138CrossRefPubMed Knobloch K, Grasemann R, Spies M, Vogt PM (2008) Midportion achilles tendon microcirculation after intermittent combined cryotherapy and compression compared with cryotherapy alone: a randomized trial. Am J Sports Med 36:2128–2138CrossRefPubMed
19.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lynen N, De Vroey T, Spiegel I, Van Ongeval F, Hendrickx NJ, Stassijns G (2017) Comparison of peritendinous hyaluronan injections versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of painful Achilles’ tendinopathy: a randomized clinical efficacy and safety study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 98:64–71CrossRefPubMed Lynen N, De Vroey T, Spiegel I, Van Ongeval F, Hendrickx NJ, Stassijns G (2017) Comparison of peritendinous hyaluronan injections versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of painful Achilles’ tendinopathy: a randomized clinical efficacy and safety study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 98:64–71CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Mafi N, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H (2001) Superior short-term results with eccentric calf muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomized prospective multicenter study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 9:42–47CrossRefPubMed Mafi N, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H (2001) Superior short-term results with eccentric calf muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomized prospective multicenter study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 9:42–47CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Mani-Babu S, Morrissey D, Waugh C, Screen H, Barton C (2015) The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in lower limb tendinopathy: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 43:752–761CrossRefPubMed Mani-Babu S, Morrissey D, Waugh C, Screen H, Barton C (2015) The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in lower limb tendinopathy: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 43:752–761CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer F, Hirschmuller A, Muller S, Schuberth M, Baur H (2007) Effects of short-term treatment strategies over 4 weeks in Achilles tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 41:e6CrossRefPubMed Mayer F, Hirschmuller A, Muller S, Schuberth M, Baur H (2007) Effects of short-term treatment strategies over 4 weeks in Achilles tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 41:e6CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Morath O, Kubosch EJ, Taeymans J, Zwingmann J, Konstantinidis L, Sudkamp NP, Hirschmuller A (2017) The effect of sclerotherapy and prolotherapy on chronic painful Achilles tendinopathy – a systematic review including meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 28(1):4–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12898 CrossRefPubMed Morath O, Kubosch EJ, Taeymans J, Zwingmann J, Konstantinidis L, Sudkamp NP, Hirschmuller A (2017) The effect of sclerotherapy and prolotherapy on chronic painful Achilles tendinopathy – a systematic review including meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 28(1):4–15. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​sms.​12898 CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Paoloni JA, Appleyard RC, Nelson J, Murrell GA (2004) Topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment of chronic noninsertional achilles tendinopathy. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A:916–922CrossRefPubMed Paoloni JA, Appleyard RC, Nelson J, Murrell GA (2004) Topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment of chronic noninsertional achilles tendinopathy. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A:916–922CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Rees JD, Maffulli N, Cook J (2009) Management of tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 37:1855–1867CrossRefPubMed Rees JD, Maffulli N, Cook J (2009) Management of tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 37:1855–1867CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Rio E, Kidgell D, Moseley GL, Gaida J, Docking S, Purdam C, Cook J (2016) Tendon neuroplastic training: changing the way we think about tendon rehabilitation: a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 50:209–215CrossRefPubMed Rio E, Kidgell D, Moseley GL, Gaida J, Docking S, Purdam C, Cook J (2016) Tendon neuroplastic training: changing the way we think about tendon rehabilitation: a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 50:209–215CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Rio E, van Ark M, Docking S, Moseley GL, Kidgell D, Gaida JE, van den Akker-Scheek I, Zwerver J, Cook J (2017) Isometric contractions are more analgesic than isotonic contractions for patellar tendon pain: an in-season randomized clinical trial. Clin J Sport Med 27:253–259CrossRefPubMed Rio E, van Ark M, Docking S, Moseley GL, Kidgell D, Gaida JE, van den Akker-Scheek I, Zwerver J, Cook J (2017) Isometric contractions are more analgesic than isotonic contractions for patellar tendon pain: an in-season randomized clinical trial. Clin J Sport Med 27:253–259CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Rompe JD, Furia J, Maffulli N (2008) Eccentric loading compared with shock wave treatment for chronic insertional achilles tendinopathy. A randomized, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90:52–61CrossRefPubMed Rompe JD, Furia J, Maffulli N (2008) Eccentric loading compared with shock wave treatment for chronic insertional achilles tendinopathy. A randomized, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90:52–61CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Rompe JD, Furia J, Maffulli N (2009) Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus shock-wave treatment for midportion achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 37:463–470CrossRefPubMed Rompe JD, Furia J, Maffulli N (2009) Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus shock-wave treatment for midportion achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 37:463–470CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Shalabi A, Svensson L, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Aspelin P, Movin T (2004) Tendon injury and repair after core biopsies in chronic Achilles tendinosis evaluated by serial magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Sports Med 38:606–612CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shalabi A, Svensson L, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Aspelin P, Movin T (2004) Tendon injury and repair after core biopsies in chronic Achilles tendinosis evaluated by serial magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Sports Med 38:606–612CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Silbernagel KG, Thomee R, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J (2007) Continued sports activity, using a pain-monitoring model, during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled study. Am J Sports Med 35:897–906CrossRefPubMed Silbernagel KG, Thomee R, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J (2007) Continued sports activity, using a pain-monitoring model, during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled study. Am J Sports Med 35:897–906CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Tallon C, Coleman BD, Khan KM, Maffulli N (2001) Outcome of surgery for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. A critical review. Am J Sports Med 29:315–320CrossRefPubMed Tallon C, Coleman BD, Khan KM, Maffulli N (2001) Outcome of surgery for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. A critical review. Am J Sports Med 29:315–320CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat de Vos RJ, Weir A, Tol JL, Verhaar JA, Weinans H, van Schie HT (2011) No effects of PRP on ultrasonographic tendon structure and neovascularisation in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 45:387–392CrossRefPubMed de Vos RJ, Weir A, Tol JL, Verhaar JA, Weinans H, van Schie HT (2011) No effects of PRP on ultrasonographic tendon structure and neovascularisation in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 45:387–392CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Weisskopf L, Hesse T, Ott H, Rosso C, Zimmermann F (2015) Insertionstendinopathien der Achillessehne. Sportarztezeitung 1:24–31 Weisskopf L, Hesse T, Ott H, Rosso C, Zimmermann F (2015) Insertionstendinopathien der Achillessehne. Sportarztezeitung 1:24–31
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Weisskopf L, Röhm J (2015) Komplikationen in der Therapie von Achillessehnenrupturen. Sports Orthop Traumatol 31:12–17CrossRef Weisskopf L, Röhm J (2015) Komplikationen in der Therapie von Achillessehnenrupturen. Sports Orthop Traumatol 31:12–17CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Weisskopf L, Segesser B (2011) Achillessehne. Sports Orthop Traumatol 27:183–187CrossRef Weisskopf L, Segesser B (2011) Achillessehne. Sports Orthop Traumatol 27:183–187CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiegerinck JI, Kerkhoffs GM, van Sterkenburg MN, Sierevelt IN, van Dijk CN (2013) Treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21:1345–1355CrossRefPubMed Wiegerinck JI, Kerkhoffs GM, van Sterkenburg MN, Sierevelt IN, van Dijk CN (2013) Treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21:1345–1355CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Worp H, van den Akker-Scheek I, van Schie H, Zwerver J (2013) ESWT for tendinopathy: technology and clinical implications. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21:1451–1458CrossRefPubMed van der Worp H, van den Akker-Scheek I, van Schie H, Zwerver J (2013) ESWT for tendinopathy: technology and clinical implications. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21:1451–1458CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Behandlungsstrategien bei Tendinopathien der Achillessehne
verfasst von
PD Dr. A. Hirschmüller
L. Weisskopf
Publikationsdatum
07.03.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Arthroskopie / Ausgabe 2/2018
Print ISSN: 0933-7946
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-3924
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-018-0196-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2018

Arthroskopie 2/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.