Testis cancer: some problems still remain unsolved

Excerpt

In spite of an increasing incidence in most of the Northern industrialized countries in Europe germ cell cancer remains a rare disease. Diagnostic and management strategies have been published numerously, but still there remain problems to be solved. Oldenburg and Dieckmann balanced the debate of pros and cons of a contralateral biopsy. Bottom line is that a contralateral biopsy is the only way to early detect cancer within the “testicular dysgenesis syndrome” which has been molecularly identified over the last years by Looijenga and coworkers [1]. Young patients with a remaining atrophic testis after maldescent have a more than 30 times higher chance to develop a germ cell cancer and, therefore, should be recommended to undergo a biopsy to early detect germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), the newly developed term of the precursor lesion as defined by the WHO 2016 classification [2]. …