Background
Methods
Patients
PET/CT studies
Image analysis
Radiation treatment and follow-up
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristic
|
Value
|
---|---|
Age (years) | 74 ± 8.1 |
Sex (n) | |
Male | 14 (31%) |
Female | 31 (69%) |
T-Stage (n) | |
T1 | 15 (33%) |
T2 | 30 (67%) |
Histology (n) | |
Squamous | 24 (53%) |
Adeno | 18 (40%) |
Other | 3 (7%) |
Location (n) | |
Central | 14 (28%) |
Peripheral | 31 (61%) |
GTV (cc) | 40.6 (4.2–153) |
Movement amplitude (mm) | 4.7 ± 2.9* |
Tumor size (mm) | |
T1 | 24.0 (17.0–30.0) |
T2 | 44.4 (31.0–68.0) |
KPS | 80 (60–100) |
Time of diagnosis | 2005–2010 |
Follow-up (months) | 21.4 (3.1–71.1) |
Number of deaths (n) | 28 |
Attributed to tumor | 12 |
Other causes | 16 |
Local recurrence
Parameter
|
LR
|
LR T2
|
LN
|
DM
|
DSS
|
OS
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entropy |
.872 (.770 - .974)
|
.801 (.646 - .956)
| .656 (.476 - .837) | .654 (.458 - .849) |
.729 (.545 - .913)
| .664 (.496 - .855) |
Correlation |
.816 (.663 - .969)
|
.776 (.589 - .964)
| .586 (.362 - .809) | .572 (.366 - .778) | .680 (.503 - .856) |
.685 (.514 - .855)
|
Contrast | .466 (.272 - .661) | .429 (.205 - .652) | .528 (.362 - .809) | .532 (.344 - .720) | .490 (.311 - .688) | .408 (.226 - .589) |
Busyness |
.774 (.602 - .946)
| .702 (.487 - .917) | .528 (.335 - .721) | .564 (.362 - .766) | .630 (.432 - .828) | .540 (.359 - .721) |
Coarseness |
.774 (.602 - .946)
| .702 (.487 - .917) | .473 (.362 - .809) | .436 (.234 - .638) | .370 (.172 - .568) | .460 (.279 - .641) |
SUVmax
| .613 (.428 - .797) | .559 (.351 - .767) | .636 (.456 - .817) | .631 (.423 - .839) | .612 (.426 - .798) | .517 (.335 - .699) |
SUVmean
| .575 (.386 - .764) | .516 (.301 - .730) | .678 (.491 - .864) | .658 (.464 - .851) | .633 (.451 - .814) | .511 (.325 - .695) |
COV | .519 (.322 - .715) | .460 (.244 - .676) | .608 (.398 - .818) | .547 (.279 - .814) | .544 (.362 - .726) | .471 (.286 - .655) |
MTV |
.806 (.652 - .960)
| .736 (.541 - .931) | .557 (.372 - .743) | .582 (.374 - .789) | .676 (.479 - .872) | .630 (.454 - .806) |
CT diam. |
.739 (.588 - .889)
| .568 (.347 - .790) | .547 (.365 - .728) | .541 (.352 - .731) | .630 (.452 - .808) | .620 (.437 - .803) |
Disease-specific and overall survival
Parameter
|
Time to local recurrence (T2)
|
Overall survival
|
Disease-specific survival
| |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cutoff
|
Low risk
|
High risk
|
P
|
Cutoff
|
Low risk
|
High risk
|
P
|
Cutoff
|
Low risk
|
High risk
|
P
| |||||||
n
|
m
|
n
|
m
|
n
|
m
|
n
|
m
|
n
|
m
|
n
|
m
| |||||||
SUVmax
| 9.64 | 0 | - | 7 | 19.4 | .052 | 11.2 | 12 | 36.0 | 16 | 25.2 | .161 | 12.6 | 4 | 56.8 | 8 | 35.1 | .080 |
SUVmean
| 4.52 | 2 | 52.9 | 5 | 48.7 | .459 | 5.02 | 15 | 33.7 | 13 | 26.7 | .283 | 5.39 | 6 | 53.7 | 6 | 36.3 | .296 |
Entropy |
6.98
|
0
|
-
|
7
|
16.8
|
.001
| 6.83 | 11 | 38.3 | 17 | 24.8 | .111 |
6.85
|
2
|
64.6
|
10
|
25.0
|
.003
|
Correlation |
.453
|
3
|
61.0
|
4
|
10.6
|
.004
| .228 | 10 | 39.3 | 18 | 25.7 | .241 | .319 | 5 | 55.5 | 7 | 34.0 | .134 |
Contrast | 231 | 3 | 44.8 | 4 | 53.1 | .980 | 246 | 15 | 28.8 | 13 | 31.9 | .790 | 222 | 4 | 47.1 | 8 | 46.6 | .472 |
Busyness |
.562
|
1
|
65.8
|
6
|
40.2
|
.042
| .516 | 6 | 38.7 | 22 | 28.0 | .338 | .579 | 6 | 52.7 | 6 | 25.7 | .081 |
Coarseness | .037 | 2 | 61.2 | 5 | 43.0 | .193 | .048 | 9 | 37.5 | 19 | 26.8 | .338 | .032 | 6 | 52.7 | 6 | 25.7 | .081 |
COV | .522 | 1 | 52.8 | 6 | 50.3 | .579 | .669 | 14 | 34.0 | 14 | 26.6 | .411 | .527 | 4 | 56.5 | 8 | 35.5 | .101 |
MTV | 44.5 | 2 | 61.9 | 5 | 19.4 | .111 | 18.0 | 6 | 43.4 | 22 | 28.3 | .436 | 23.1 | 4 | 53.6 | 8 | 42.7 | .151 |
CT diameter | 39.0 | 2 | 58.0 | 5 | 48.6 | .575 | 32.5 | 10 | 34.6 | 18 | 28.0 | .235 | 32.5 | 3 | 54.0 | 9 | 43.0 | .104 |
Parameter
|
Overall survival
|
Disease-specific survival
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate
|
Multivariate
|
Univariate
|
Multivariate
| |||||
HR
|
p
|
HR
|
p
|
HR
|
P
|
HR
| P | |
Age | 1.07 (0.70–1.65) | .746 | 0.78 (0.42–1.44) | .424 | ||||
SUVmax
| 0.97 (0.72–1.29) | .819 | 1.06 (0.74–1.51) | .761 | ||||
SUVmean
| 1.00 (0.31–3.25) | .994 | 1.71 (0.37–7.59) | .480 | ||||
High entropy | 1.85 (0.85–4.00) | .120 | 1.79 (0.70–4.59)‡ | .225 |
5.92 (1.28–27.4)
|
.023
|
9.52 (1.39–65.1)‡ |
.022
|
High correlation | 1.58 (0.72–3.47) | .250 | 2.35 (0.74–7.44) | .146 | 1.61 (0.44–5.90)‡ | .474 | ||
High contrast | 0.90 (0.43–1.92) | .793 | 1.56 (0.46–5.30) | .476 | ||||
High busyness | 1.55 (0.62–3.84) | .347 | 2.70 (0.65–8.56) | .093 | 1.29 (0.14–12.2)‡ | .822 | ||
High coarseness | 0.68 (0.30–1.52) | .346 | 0.37 ( 0.12–1.18) | .093 | 0.77 (0.08–7.28)‡ | .822 | ||
High COV | 1.52 (0.71–3.25) | .278 | 2.65 (0.79–8.91) | .114 | 1.98 (0.52–7.53)‡ | .401 | ||
MTV* | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | .223 | 1.55 (0.27–8.95)† | .623 |
1.06 (1.01–1.12)
|
.031
| 2.11 (0.12–38.1)† | .613 |
CT diameter | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | .555 | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | .245 |
Stability and size-dependency
SUV 2.0
|
SUV 2.5
|
r
|
P
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range
|
Mean ± SD
|
Range
|
Mean ± SD
| |||
SUVmax
| 3.85-43.1 | 13.2 ± 6.74 | 3.85-43.1 | 13.2 ± 6.74 | 1 | .000 |
SUVmean
| 2.44-11.0 | 5.06 ± 1.66 | 3.00-12.4 | 5.71 ± 1.79 | .997 | <.001 |
MTV | 5.77-204 | 42.1 ± 46.8 | 1.74-178 | 33.9 ± 39.5 | .989 | <.001 |
COV | .188-.933 | .513 ± .144 | .132-.839 | .438 ± .138 | .996 | <.001 |
Entropy | 4.58-7.52 | 6.53 ± .76 | 4.10-7.56 | 6.38 ± .84 | .996 | <.001 |
Correlation | .032-.555 | .255 ± .159 | -.126-.515 | .189 ± .152 | .963 | <.001 |
Contrast | 13.3-411 | 234 ± 110 | 12.2-395 | 226 ± 105 | .990 | <.001 |
Busyness | .432-.708 | .557 ± .071 | .370-.692 | .544 ± .072 | .933 | <.001 |
Coarseness | .007-.104 | .044 ± .025 | .009-.158 | .050 ± .029 | .813 | <.001 |
R
|
P
| |
---|---|---|
SUVmax
| 0.341 | .022 |
SUVmean
| 0.318 | .033 |
Entropy | 0.544 | <.001 |
COV | .213 | .161 |
Correlation | 0.513 | <.001 |
Contrast | −0.056 | .714 |
Busyness | 0.860 | <.001 |
Coarseness | 0.747 | <.001 |