Background
Methods
Patients
No. of case of examination (%) | |
---|---|
Age | |
< 60 years | 26 (31.7) |
≥ 60 years | 56 (68.3) |
Gender | |
Male | 57 (69.5) |
Female | 25 (30.5) |
Family history | |
Positive | 18 (22.0) |
Negative | 64 (78.0) |
Smoking | |
Yes | 41 (50.0) |
No | 41 (50.0) |
Alcohol | |
Yes | 36 (43.9) |
No | 46 (56.1) |
Tumor location | |
Uppera | 3 (3.7) |
Middle | 54 (65.9) |
Lower | 25 (30.4) |
Gross appearance | |
Polypoid | 69 (84.1) |
Ulcerative | 8 (9.8) |
Infiltrating | 5 (6.1) |
Lymph node metastasis | |
Yes | 23 (28.0) |
No | 59 (72.0) |
TNM stage | |
I | 29 (35.4) |
II | 37 (45.1) |
III | 16 (19.5) |
IV | 0 (0.0) |
Surgical specimen preparation and immunohistochemistry
Assessment of immunohistochemical results
Statistical analysis
Results
AE1/AE3 expression and clinicopathological features
Number | Expression rate of AE1/AE3 protein (%) |
χ
2
|
P
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive(n = 70) | Negative(n = 12) | ||||
Age | |||||
< 60 years | 26 | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | 3.28 | 0.070 |
≥ 60 years | 56 | 51 (91.1) | 5 (8.9) | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 57 | 48 (84.2) | 9 (15.8) | 0.01 | 0.914 |
Female | 25 | 22 (88.0) | 3 (12.0) | ||
Family history | |||||
Positive | 18 | 16 (88.9) | 2 (11.1) | 0.01 | 0.919 |
Negative | 64 | 54 (84.3) | 10 (15.7) | ||
Smoking | |||||
Yes | 41 | 34 (82.9) | 7 (17.1) | 0.10 | 0.755 |
No | 41 | 36 (87.8) | 5 (12.2) | ||
Alcohol | |||||
Yes | 36 | 30 (83.3) | 6 (16.7) | 0.21 | 0.654 |
No | 46 | 40 (87.0) | 6 (13.0) | ||
Tumor location | |||||
Upper | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 1.48 | 0.580 |
Middle | 54 | 46 (85.2) | 8 (14.8) | ||
Lower | 25 | 22 (88.0) | 3 (12.0) | ||
Gross appearance | |||||
Polypoid | 69 | 59 (85.5) | 10 (14.5) | 1.30 | 0.660 |
Ulcerative | 8 | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | ||
Infiltrating | 5 | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Lymph node metastasis | |||||
Yes | 23 | 21 (91.3) | 2 (8.7) | 0.36 | 0.547 |
No | 59 | 49 (83.1) | 10 (16.9) | ||
TNM stage | |||||
I | 29 | 27 (93.1) | 2 (6.9) | 4.40 | 0.121 |
II | 37 | 28 (75.7) | 9 (24.3) | ||
III | 16 | 15 (93.8) | 1 (6.2) | ||
IV | 0 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Number | Expression rate of AE1/AE3 protein (%) | Positive in epithelial component (%) | Positive in spindle component (%) | Positive in both of epithelial and spindle components (%) |
χ
2
|
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||||
< 60 years | 26 | 19 (73.1) | 19 (73.1) | 6 (23.1) | 6 (23.1) | 0.24 | 0.888 |
≥ 60 years | 56 | 51 (91.1) | 51 (91.1) | 13 (23.2) | 13 (23.2) | ||
Gender | |||||||
Male | 57 | 48 (84.2) | 48 (84.2) | 13 (22.8) | 13 (22.8) | 0.00 | 1.000 |
Female | 25 | 22 (88.0) | 22 (88.0) | 6 (24.0) | 6 (24.0) | ||
Family history | |||||||
Positive | 18 | 16 (88.9) | 16 (88.9) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 5.777 | 0.118 |
Negative | 64 | 54 (84.3) | 54 (84.3) | 18 (28.1) | 18 (28.1) | ||
Smoking | |||||||
Yes | 41 | 34 (82.9) | 34 (82.9) | 10 (24.4) | 10 (24.4) | 0.197 | 0.978 |
No | 41 | 36 (87.8) | 36 (87.8) | 9 (22.0) | 9 (22.0) | ||
Alcohol | |||||||
Yes | 36 | 30 (83.3) | 30 (83.3) | 10 (27.8) | 10 (27.8) | 1.154 | 0.764 |
No | 46 | 40 (87.0) | 40 (87.0) | 9 (19.6) | 9 (19.6) | ||
Tumor location | |||||||
Upper | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 6.42 | 0.126 |
Middle | 54 | 46 (85.2) | 46 (85.2) | 16 (29.6) | 16 (29.6) | ||
Lower | 25 | 22 (88.0) | 22 (88.0) | 2 (8.0) | 2 (8.0) | ||
Gross appearance | |||||||
Polypoid | 69 | 59 (85.5) | 59 (85.5) | 15 (21.7) | 15 (21.7) | 3.22 | 0.794 |
Ulcerative | 8 | 6 (75.0) | 6 (75.0) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (12.5) | ||
Infiltrating | 5 | 5 (100.0) | 5 (100.0) | 3 (60.0) | 3 (60.0) | ||
Lymph node metastasis | |||||||
Yes | 23 | 21 (91.3) | 21 (91.3) | 8 (34.8) | 8 (34.8) | 1.60 | 0.449 |
No | 59 | 49 (83.1) | 49 (83.1) | 11 (18.6) | 11 (18.6) | ||
TNM stage | |||||||
I | 29 | 27 (93.1) | 27 (93.1) | 3 (10.3) | 3 (10.3) | 6.71 | 0.146 |
II | 37 | 28 (75.7) | 28 (75.7) | 9 (24.3) | 9 (24.3) | ||
III | 16 | 15 (93.8) | 15 (93.8) | 7 (43.8) | 7 (43.8) | ||
IV | 0 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
CK5/6 expression and clinicopathological features
Number | Expression rate of CK 5/6 protein (%) |
χ
2
|
P
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive(n = 63) | Negative(n = 19) | ||||
Age | |||||
< 60 years | 26 | 15 (57.7) | 11 (42.3) | 7.83 | 0.005 |
≥ 60 years | 56 | 48 (85.7) | 8 (14.3) | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 57 | 43 (75.4) | 14 (24.6) | 0.20 | 0.652 |
Female | 25 | 20 (80.0) | 5 (20.0) | ||
Family history | |||||
Positive | 18 | 15 (83.3) | 3 (16.7) | 0.18 | 0.671 |
Negative | 64 | 48 (75.0) | 16 (25.0) | ||
Smoking | |||||
Yes | 41 | 30 (73.2) | 11 (26.8) | 0.62 | 0.432 |
No | 41 | 33 (80.5) | 8 (19.5) | ||
Alcohol | |||||
Yes | 36 | 26 (72.2) | 10 (27.8) | 0.77 | 0.382 |
No | 46 | 37 (80.4) | 9 (19.7) | ||
Tumor location | |||||
Upper | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 2.87 | 0.267 |
Middle | 54 | 39 (72.2) | 15 (27.8) | ||
Lower | 25 | 22 (88.0) | 3 (12.0) | ||
Gross appearance | |||||
Polypoid | 69 | 53 (76.8) | 16 (23.2) | 2.08 | 0.350 |
Ulcerative | 8 | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | ||
Infiltrating | 5 | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Lymph node metastasis | |||||
Yes | 23 | 19 (82.6) | 4 (17.4) | 0.23 | 0.629 |
No | 59 | 44 (74.6) | 15 (25.4) | ||
TNM stage | |||||
I | 29 | 26 (89.7) | 3 (10.3) | 5.63 | 0.056 |
II | 37 | 24 (64.9) | 13 (35.1) | ||
III | 16 | 13 (81.3) | 3 (18.7) | ||
IV | 0 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Vimentin expression and clinicopathological features
Number | Expression rate of vimentin protein (%) | Positive in epithelial component (%) | Positive in spindle component (%) | Positive in both of epithelial and spindle components (%) |
χ
2
|
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||||
< 60 years | 26 | 26 (100.0) | 2 (7.7) | 26 (100.0) | 2 (7.7) | 0.15 | 1.000 |
≥ 60 years | 56 | 56 (100.0) | 5 (8.9) | 56 (100.0) | 5 (8.9) | ||
Gender | |||||||
Male | 57 | 57 (100.0) | 5 (8.8) | 57 (100.0) | 5 (8.8) | 0.15 | 1.000 |
Female | 25 | 25 (100.0) | 2 (8.0) | 25 (100.0) | 2 (8.0) | ||
Family history | |||||||
Positive | 18 | 18 (100.0) | 3 (16.7) | 18 (100.0) | 3 (16.7) | 3.347 | 0.309 |
Negative | 64 | 64 (100.0) | 4 (6.3) | 64 (100.0) | 4 (6.3) | ||
Smoking | |||||||
Yes | 41 | 41 (100.0) | 4 (9.8) | 41 (100.0) | 4 (9.8) | 0.379 | 1.000 |
No | 41 | 41 (100.0) | 3 (7.3) | 41 (100.0) | 3 (7.3) | ||
Alcohol | |||||||
Yes | 36 | 36 (100.0) | 5 (13.9) | 36 (100.0) | 5 (13.9) | 3.782 | 0.282 |
No | 46 | 46 (100.0) | 2 (4.3) | 46 (100.0) | 2 (4.3) | ||
Tumor location | |||||||
Upper | 3 | 3 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.57 | 0.832 |
Middle | 54 | 54 (100.0) | 4 (7.4) | 54 (100.0) | 4 (7.4) | ||
Lower | 25 | 25 (100.0) | 3 (12.0) | 25 (100.0) | 3 (12.0) | ||
Gross appearance | |||||||
Polypoid | 69 | 69 (100.0) | 5 (7.2) | 69 (100.0) | 5 (7.2) | 7.59 | 0.188 |
Ulcerative | 8 | 8 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Infiltrating | 5 | 5 (100.0) | 2 (40.0) | 5 (100.0) | 2 (40.0) | ||
Lymph node metastasis | |||||||
Yes | 23 | 23 (100.0) | 2 (8.7) | 23 (100.0) | 2 (8.7) | 0.21 | 1.000 |
No | 59 | 59 (100.0) | 5 (8.5) | 59 (100.0) | 5 (8.5) | ||
TNM stage | |||||||
I | 29 | 29 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 29 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7.50 | 0.067 |
II | 37 | 37 (100.0) | 5 (13.5) | 37 (100.0) | 5 (13.5) | ||
III | 16 | 16 (100.0) | 2 (12.5) | 16 (100.0) | 2 (12.5) | ||
IV | 0 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Predictive diagnostic model
CK protein expression and PESC survival
Number | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI |
P
| HR | 95% CI |
P
| ||
Age | |||||||
< 60 years | 26 | 2.52 | (1.03–6.16) | 0.036 | 2.66 | (1.06–6.63) | 0.036 |
≥ 60 years | 56 | ||||||
Gender | |||||||
Male | 57 | 0.77 | (0.34–1.75) | 0.537 | |||
Female | 25 | ||||||
Family history | |||||||
Positive | 18 | 0.40 | (0.12–1.31) | 0.115 | |||
Negative | 64 | ||||||
Smoking | |||||||
Yes | 41 | 0.71 | (0.35–1.46) | 0.348 | |||
No | 41 | ||||||
Alcohol | |||||||
Yes | 36 | 1.07 | (0.53–2.18) | 0.850 | |||
No | 46 | ||||||
Tumor location | |||||||
Upper | 3 | 1.96 | (0.96–4.01) | 0.109 | |||
Middle | 54 | ||||||
Lower | 25 | ||||||
Gross appearance | |||||||
Polypoid | 69 | 1.58 | (0.90–2.77) | 0.001 | 1.38 | (0.79–2.39) | 0.256 |
Ulcerative | 8 | ||||||
Infiltrating | 5 | ||||||
Lymph node metastasis | |||||||
Yes | 23 | 0.51 | (0.24–1.08) | 0.072 | |||
No | 59 | ||||||
TNM stage | |||||||
I | 29 | 1.95 | (1.18–3.21) | 0.015 | 2.11 | (1.28–3.50) | 0.003 |
II | 37 | ||||||
III | 16 | ||||||
IV | 0 | ||||||
AE1/AE3 protein | |||||||
Positive | 70 | 1.10 | (0.83–1.45) | 0.527 | |||
Negative | 12 | ||||||
CK5/6 protein | |||||||
Positive | 63 | 1.82 | (0.70–4.73) | 0.222 | |||
Negative | 19 |
Survival (year) | Lymph node metastasis |
χ
2
| P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 23) | No (n = 59) | |||
1 | 16 (69.5) | 49 (83.1) | 6.697 | 0.129 |
3 | 6 (26.1) | 30 (50.8) | ||
5 | 2 (8.7) | 17 (28.8) | ||
7 | 0 (0.0) | 12 (20.3) | ||
Over 7 | 0 (0.0) | 10 (16.9) |
Comparison on PESC diagnosis by biopsy with surgical resection specimen
Clinicopathological features with different stage
Number | Stage (%) |
χ
2
|
P
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I(n = 29) | II(n = 37) | III(n = 16) | ||||
Age | ||||||
< 60 years | 26 | 7 (26.9) | 14 (53.8) | 5 (19.3) | 1.41 | 0.494 |
≥ 60 years | 56 | 22 (39.3) | 23 (41.1) | 11 (19.6) | ||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 57 | 21 (36.8) | 25 (43.9) | 11 (19.3) | 0.19 | 0.911 |
Female | 25 | 8 (32.0) | 12 (48.0) | 5 (20.0) | ||
Family history | ||||||
Positive | 18 | 6 (33.3) | 9 (50.0) | 3 (16.7) | 0.25 | 0.885 |
Negative | 64 | 23 (35.9) | 28 (43.8) | 13 (20.3) | ||
Smoking | ||||||
Yes | 41 | 15 (36.6) | 17 (41.5) | 9 (21.9) | 0.53 | 0.768 |
No | 41 | 14 (34.1) | 20 (48.8) | 7 (17.1) | ||
Alcohol | ||||||
Yes | 36 | 11 (30.6) | 15 (41.7) | 10 (27.7) | 2.84 | 0.242 |
No | 46 | 18 (39.1) | 22 (47.8) | 6 (13.1) | ||
Tumor location | ||||||
Upper | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1.17 | 0.960 |
Middle | 54 | 19 (35.2) | 23 (42.6) | 12 (22.2) | ||
Lower | 25 | 9 (36.0) | 12 (48.0) | 4 (16.0) | ||
Gross appearance | ||||||
Polypoid | 69 | 25 (36.2) | 30 (43.5) | 14 (20.3) | 5.21 | 0.221 |
Ulcerative | 8 | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Infiltrating | 5 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | ||
Lymph node metastasis | ||||||
Yes | 23 | 1 (4.3) | 7 (30.4) | 15 (65.3) | 42.27 | 0.000 |
No | 59 | 28 (47.5) | 30 (50.8) | 1 (1.7) |