Background
Aims of the study
Material and methods
Echocardiographic examination
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LA maximal diameter (LAmax, [mm]) - measured in the M-mode, during the end-systolic period, directly before opening of the mitral valve,
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LA minimal diameter (LAmin, [mm]) - measured in the M-mode, during the end-diastolic period directly after closing of the mitral valve,
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LA P wave diameter LA (LAwaveP, [mm]) - presystolic diameter measured in the M-mode at the onset of P-wave, during a simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram,
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interventricular septum systolic diameter - IVSSd, [mm],
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interventricular septum diastolic diameter - IVSDd, [mm],
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posterior wall systolic diameter - PWSd, [mm],
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posterior wall diastolic diameter – PWDd, [mm],
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left ventricle endsystolic diameter LVESd, [mm],
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left ventricle enddiastolic diameter – LVEDd, [mm].
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LA short {medial-lateral} maximal diameter (LAshortmax, [mm]) - measured in 4-CH, during the end-systolic period, directly before opening of the mitral valve,
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LA short {medial-lateral} minimal diameter (LAshortmin, [mm]) - measured in 4-CH, during the end-diastolic period directly after closing of the mitral valve,
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LA short {medial-lateral} P wave diameter (LAshortwaveP, [mm]) - presystolic diameter measured in 4-CH at the onset of P-wave, during a simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram,
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LA longitudinal maximal diameter {long axis} (LAlongmax, [mm]) - measured in 4-CH, during the end-systolic period, directly before opening of the mitral valve,
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LA longitudinal minimal diameter {long axis} (LAlongmin, [mm]) - measured in 4-CH, during the end-diastolic period directly after closing of the mitral valve,
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LA longitudinal P wave diameter {long axis} (LAlongwaveP, [mm]) - presystolic diameter measured in 4-CH at the onset of P-wave, during a simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram,
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LA maximal area (LAareamax, [cm2]) – measured in 4-CH, in the end-systolic period, immediately prior to the mitral valve opening,
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LA maximal circulum (LAcircmax, [cm]) - – measured in 4-CH, in the end-systolic period, immediately prior to the mitral valve opening.
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LA maximal volume (LAVmax, [ml]) - calculated according to the formula: LAVmax = [π/6 x (LAmax x LAshortmax x LAlongmax)],
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LA minimal volume – LAVmin, [ml]) - calculated according to the formula: LAVmin = [π/6 x (LAmin x LAshortmin x LAlongmin)],
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LA P wave volume – LAVwaveP, [ml]) - calculated according to the formula: LAVwaveP = [π/6 x (LAwaveP x LAshortwaveP x LAlongwaveP)],
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LA ejection fraction – LAEF, [%]) - calculated according to the formula: LAEF = [(LAVmax – LAVmin)/LAVmax] × 100%,
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LA active emptying fraction - LAAE, [%]) - calculated according to the formula: LAAE = [(LAVwaveP – LAVmin)/LAVwaveP] × 100%,
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LA passive emptying fraction - LAPE, [%]) - calculated according to the formula: LAPE = [(LAVmax – LAVwaveP)/LAVmax] × 100%,
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LA index of expansion – LAIE, [%]) - calculated according to the formula: LAIE = [(LAVmax – LAVmin)/LAVmin] × 100%,
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LA fractional shortening – LAFS, [%]) - calculated according to the formula: LAFS = [LAwaveP – LAmin)/LAmax] × 100%.
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left ventricle endsystolic volume – LVESV, [ml] - calculated according to the Teichholz formula: LVESV = [7/(2,4 + LVESd)] x [LVESd]3,
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left ventricle enddiastolic volume - LVEDV, [ml] - calculated according to the Teichholz formula: LVEDV = [7/(2,4 + LVEDd)] x [LVEDd]3,
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left ventricle stroke volume – SV, [ml] - calculated according to the formula: SV = LVEDV – LVESV,
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left ventricle ejection fraction – EF, [%] - calculated according to the formula: EF = [(LVEDV – LVESV)/LVEDV] × 100,
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left ventricle shortening fraction – FS, [%] - calculated according to the formula: FS = [(LVEDd – LVESd)/LVEDd] × 100,
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endsystolic stress – ESS, [103dyn/cm2]) - calculated according to the formula [18]: ESS = 0,334 x SBP x LVESd/PWSd x (1 + PWSd/LVESd); SBP was measured simultaneously on the right brachial artery,
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midwall fractional shortening - mFS, [%]) – calculated according to the formula [19]: mFS = [(LVEDd + PWSd/2 + IVSSd/2) – (LVESd + Hs/2)/(LVEDd + PWSd/2 + IVSSd/2)] × 100; where Hs = IVSSd + PWSd,
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mFS/ESS ratio,
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left ventricle mass – LVM, [g] - calculated according to the formula [20]: LVM = 1,04 x [(IVSDd + PWDd + LVEDd)3] - 13,6 g
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left ventricle mass index – LVMI, [g/m2] - calculated according to the formula: LVMI = LVM/BSA.
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left ventricle hypertrophy - LVH was recognized if [20]:
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LVMI > 131 g/m2 in men,
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LVMI > 100 g/m2 in women.
The immunosuppressive protocol
Parameter | Before KTx | Immediately after KTx | 3 months after KTx | 6 months after KTx | 12 months after KTx | 36 months after KTx |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 (n = 42) | I (n = 42) | II (n = 42) | III (n = 42) | IV (n = 42) | V (n = 42) | |
Biochemical markers | ||||||
Haemoglobin [g/dl] | 12,25 (±3,67) | 10,8 (±3,03) | 13,3 (±3,51) | 13,65 (±3,38) | 13,35 (±3,19) | 14,1 (±3,14) |
Natrium [mmol/l] | 139,0 (±2,71) | 139,5 (±2,45) | 141,0 (±2,21) | 143,0 (± 2,49) | 141,0 (±2,33) | 142,1 (±2,13) |
Potassium [mmol/l] | 4,7 (±1,31) | 4,75 (±1,22) | 4,45 (±1,19) | 4,55 (±1,15) | 4,4 (±1,25) | 4,4 (±1,09) |
Magnesium [mmol/l] | 0,99 (±0,28) | 0,73 (±0,31) | 0,72 (±0,26) | 0,80 (±0,34) | 0,82 (±0,30) | 0,83 (±0,37) |
Calcium [mmol/l] | 2,54 (±0,24) | 2,42 (±0,27) | 2,55 (±0,35) | 2,6 (±0,29) | 2,6 (±0,41) | 2,52 (±0,32) |
Phosphorus [mmol/l] | 1,68 (±0,49) | 0,78 (±0,35) | 0,84 (±0,40) | 0,92 (±0,33) | 0,94 (0,42) | 0,97 (±0,43) |
Ca x P [mg2/dl2] | 52,47 (±13,94) | 23,40 (±8,22) | 26,56 (±7,17) | 29,68 (±7,93) | 30,32 (±6,84) | 30,33 (±7,35) |
Parathormone [pg/ml] | 734,3 (±656,8) | 169,0 (±132,0) | 130,2 (±102,9) | 113,2 (±90,2) | 108,0 (±101,2) | 97,0 (±88,6) |
Creatinine [mg/dl] | 6,54 (±2,21) | 1,45 (±0,51) | 1,41 (±0,54) | 1,38 (±0,48) | 1,36 (±0,60) | 1,32 (±0,44) |
eGRF [ml/min/1,73m2] | 10,9 (±7,6) | 55,6 (±22,9) | 56,9 (±21,2) | 57,5 (±18,8) | 58,72 (±18,3) | 60,4 (±15,3) |
Urea [mmol/l] | 9,74 (±5,72) | 8,39 (±4,98) | 7,86 (±4,73) | 7,64 (±4,88) | 7,74 (±4,32) | 7,74 (±4,91) |
Total protein [g/l] | 75,0 (±14,3) | 61,5 (±13,5) | 69,0 (±13,9) | 70,2 (±13,2) | 71,0 (±14,1) | 73,0 (±12,9) |
Albumin [g/l] | 4,6 (±1,13) | 3,9 (±1,09) | 4,4 (±1011) | 4,43 (±1,17) | 4,45 (±1,21) | 4,47 (±1,08) |
hs-CRP [mg/l] | 2,12 (±2,22) | 0,76 (±1,20) | 0,7 (±0,93) | 0,66 (±1,39) | 0,84 (±0,95) | 0,74 (±1,08) |
Total cholesterol [mg/dl] | 219,0 (±67,2) | 218,55 (±44,5) | 205,0 (±40,6) | 195,3 (±45,6) | 195,5 (±50,2) | 197,0 (±52,8) |
LDL-cholesterol [mg/dl] | 131,0 (±44,15) | 128,0 (±39,6) | 113,3 (±42,9) | 102,5 (±42,6) | 110,5 (±38,5) | 108,0 (±34,2) |
HDL-cholesterol [mg/dl] | 66,1 (±24,55) | 53,5 (±21,8) | 57,0 (±19,8) | 58,9 (±22,4) | 53,5 (±18,9) | 61,0 (±20,6) |
Triglycerides [mg/dl] | 214,3 (±67,64) | 201,0 (±60,3) | 183,3 (±64,7) | 164,5 (±58,4) | 153,5 (±55,6) | 126,0 (±52,7) |
Glucose [mg/dl] | 90,77 (±47,19) | 85,2 (±50,5) | 95,0 (±44,2) | 94,6 (±39,9) | 92,0 (±29,2) | 88,1 (±32,3) |
Troponin T [μg/l] | 0,018 (±0,037) | 0,022 (±0,011) | 0,014 (±0,021) | 0,013 (±0,015) | 0,016 (±0,021) | 0,014 (±0,024) |
Myoglobin [ng/ml] | 183,5 (±171,1) | 38,2 (±36,7) | 47,5 (±44,2) | 46,5 (±39,5) | 57,0 (±35,8) | 63,5 (±32,4) |
Creatine kinase [U/l] | 81,1 (±86,2) | 25,5 (±22,4) | 54,5 (±32,5) | 80,0 (±35,3) | 87,2 (±29,4) | 93,0 (±37,2) |
Creatine kinase myocardial bound [U/l] | 17,4 (±8,12) | 11,8 (±7,21) | 16,8 (±9,59) | 15,0 (±10,24 | 15,2 (±8,46) | 14,1 (±9,81) |
Drugs other than immunosuppressants | ||||||
ACE-inhibitors/sartans [n (%)] | 0 (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Calcium blockers [n (%)] | 40 (95,2%) | 40 (95,2% | 38 (90,4%) | 38 (90,4%) | 36 (85,7%) | 36 (85,7%) |
Beta-blockers [n (%)] | 23 (54,8%) | 25 (59,5%) | 26 (61,9%) | 24 (57,1%) | 26 (61,9%) | 27 (64,2%) |
Alfa-blockers [n (%)] | 5 (11,9%) | 6 (14,2%) | 6 (14,2%) | 7 (16,6%) | 5 (11,9%) | 5 (11,9%) |
Clonidine [n (%)] | 31 (73,8%) | 31 (73,8%) | 30 (71,4%) | 26 (61,9%) | 24 (57,1%) | 20 (47,6%) |
Diuretic [n (%)] | 40 (95,2%) | 30 (71,4%) | 18 (42,8%) | 10 (23,8%) | 6 (14,2%) | 5 (11,9%) |
Fibrats [n (%)] | 5 (11,9%) | 8 (19,0%) | 10 (23,8%) | 10 (23,8%) | 10 (23,8%) | 12 (28,5%) |
Statins [n (%)] | 3 (7,1%) | 10 (23,8%) | 17 (40,4%) | 22 (52,3%) | 22 (52,3%) | 23 (54,7%) |
Immunosuppressive drugs | ||||||
Cyclosporine [n (%)] | 21 (50,0%) | 21 (50,0%) | 20 (47,6%) | 18 (42,9%) | 17 (40,5%) | 12 (28,6%) |
Tacrolimus [n (%)] | 21 (50,0%) | 21 (50,0%) | 22 (52,4%) | 24 (57,1%) | 25 (59,5%) | 30 (71,4%) |
Mycophenolate mofetil [n (%)] | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) |
Prednisone [n (%)] | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) |
Follow-up data
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of study participants
Parameter | Immediately after KTx | 3 months after KTx | 6 months after KTx | 12 months after KTx | 36 months after KTx | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I (n = 42) | II (n = 42) | III (n = 42) | IV (n = 42) | V (n = 42) | I vs II | I vs III | I vs IV | I vs V | II v III | III vs V | IV vs V | |
LA planimetric parameters | ||||||||||||
LAmax [mm] | 41,64 (±4,93) | 41,07 (±4,53) | 40,51 (±4,28) | 39,01 (±4,23) | 38,46 (±4,42) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,008 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 |
LAmin [mm] | 33,70 (±5,25) | 31,66 (±4,72) | 30,86 (±4,71) | 28,16 (±4,32) | 27,17 (±4,28) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 |
LAwaveP [mm] | 37,31 (±4,78) | 36,20 (±4,88) | 35,48 (±4,84) | 33,40 (±4,51) | 32,79 (±4,54) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,008 | < 0,001 | 0,006 |
LAshortmax [mm] | 42,94 (±4,75) | 41,82 (±4,81) | 41,44 (±4,63) | 39,41 (±4,48) | 39,20 (±4,48) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,01 | < 0,001 | 0,187 |
LAlongmax [mm] | 68,33 (±7,17) | 66,20 (±7,26) | 65,90 (±7,33 | 64,90 (±7,08) | 64,39 (±7,24) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,165 | 0,005 | 0,002 |
LAcircmax [cm] | 21,33 (±4,16) | 20,69 (±3,73) | 20,37 (±3,72) | 19,30 (±3,09) | 19,09(±3,12) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,016 | 0,001 | 0,187 |
LAareamax [cm2] | 26,15 (±16,91) | 23,00 (±3,96) | 22,63 (±4,01) | 21,16 (±3,28) | 20,88(±3,38) | 0,020 | 0,164 | 0,053 | 0,044 | 0,037 | < 0,001 | 0,126 |
LA volumetric indices | ||||||||||||
LAVmax [ml] | 65,47 (±19,11) | 60,91 (±17,58) | 59,23 (±16,83) | 53,45 (±15,30) | 52,08 (±15,4) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,021 |
LAVmin [ml] | 52,67 (±15,62) | 46,80 (±15,82) | 44,93 (±18,11) | 39,03 (±15,27) | 36,67 (±14,56) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 |
LAVwaveP [ml] | 55,70 (±17,83) | 52,82 (±16,96) | 51,75 (±18,07) | 47,01 (±16,05) | 46,63 (±16,28) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,011 | < 0,001 | 0,092 |
LAVI [ml/m2] | 34,63 (±10,34) | 32,24 (±9,59) | 31,36 (±9,20) | 28,29 (±8,32) | 27,57 (±8,40) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,002 | < 0,001 | 0,009 |
Parameter | Immediately after KTx | 3 months after KTx | 6 months after KTx | 12 months after KTx | 36 months after KTx | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I (n = 42) | II (n = 42) | III (n = 42) | IV (n = 42) | V (n = 42) | I vs II | I vs III | I vs IV | I vs V | II v III | III vs V | IV vs V | |
LAEF [%] | 19,55 (±5,13) | 23,15 (±5,62) | 24,13 (±5,56) | 26,98 (±5,68) | 29,58 (±4,94) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,106 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 |
LAFS [%] | 10,12 (±5,10) | 11,08 (±4,83) | 11,51 (±5,51) | 13,70 (±3,42) | 14,65 (±4,23) | 0,166 | 0,102 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,444 | 0,011 | 0,036 |
LAAE [%] | 10,14 (±5,08) | 12,58 (±5,50) | 13,06 (±5,99) | 15,83 (±4,09) | 17,19 (±4,79) | 0,007 | 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,425 | < 0,001 | 0,021 |
LAPE [%] | 14,92 (±4,26) | 13,27 (±4,87) | 12,62 (±5,07) | 12,06 (±3,78) | 10,46 (±3,03) | 0,001 | 0,006 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,415 | 0,001 | < 0,001 |
LAIE [%] | 24,85 (±8,82) | 30,83 (±10,02) | 32,54 (±10,28) | 37,82 (±11,61) | 42,74 (±10,59) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,116 | < 0,001 | < 0,001 |
Parameter | Immediately after KTx | 3 months after KTx | 6 months after KTx | 12 months after KTx | 36 months after KTx | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (n = 42) | 2 (n = 42) | 3 (n = 42) | 4 (n = 42) | 5 (n = 42) | 1vs2 | 1vs3 | 1vs4 | 1vs5 | 2v3 | 3vs5 | 4vs5 | |
LV planimetric parameters | ||||||||||||
LVEDd [mm] | 52,5 (±5,1) | 50,7 (±4,5) | 50,5 (±4,6) | 50,1 (±4,7) | 49,7 (±4,8) | 0,047 | 0,017 | 0,001 | < 0,001 | 0,953 | 0,072 | 0,247 |
LVESd [mm] | 35,1 (±5,5) | 34,6 (±3,7) | 34,4 (±4,3) | 33,9 (±4,9) | 32,0 (±4,7) | 0,153 | 0,141 | 0,011 | 0,004 | 0,580 | 0,007 | 0,009 |
PWDd [mm] | 12,4 (±1,4) | 12,2 (±1,6) | 11,9 (±1,3) | 11,8 (±1,7) | 11,2 (±1,2) | 0,91 | 0,01 | 0,233 | < 0,001 | 0,684 | 0,001 | 0,072 |
PWSd [mm] | 15,3 (±1,2) | 16,3 (±1,5) | 16,6 (±2,2) | 16,0 (±2,3) | 17,4 (±2,0) | 0,125 | 0,007 | 0,580 | < 0,001 | 0,450 | 0,001 | 0,027 |
IVSDd [mm] | 13,4 (±1,4) | 13,3 (±0,9) | 13,0 (±0,9) | 12,1 (±0,8) | 11,8 (±1,3) | 0,366 | 0,363 | 0,003 | < 0,001 | 0,142 | 0,01 | 0,03 |
IVSSd [mm] | 16,1 (±1,5) | 16,3 (±1,3) | 17,6 (±2,0) | 16,8 (±2,0) | 17,3 (±1,9) | 0,680 | < 0,001 | 0,034 | < 0,001 | 0,175 | 0,523 | 0,980 |
LV volumetric indices | ||||||||||||
LVEDV [ml] | 134,5 (±29,2) | 124,2 (±31,3) | 123,3 (±28,9) | 122,2 (±34,5) | 118,5 (±25,7) | 0,012 | 0,009 | 0,002 | 0,001 | 0,834 | 0,052 | 0,274 |
LVESV [m] | 53,25 (±19,90) | 50,13 (±13,56) | 50,43 (±15,61) | 48,56 (±18,52) | 42,35 (±15,34) | 0,146 | 0,118 | 0,021 | 0,005 | 0,439 | 0,008 | 0,011 |
SV [ml] | 81,31 (±19,36) | 78,9 (±15,60) | 77,8 (±17,62) | 76,5 (±21,1) | 76,23 (±18,05) | 0,033 | 0,028 | 0,023 | 0,013 | 0,486 | 0,754 | 0,765 |
LV hemodynamic indices | ||||||||||||
EF [%] | 60,98 (±9,93) | 59,25 (±8,92) | 60,54 (±9,34) | 61,03 (±10,11) | 64,59 (±9,11) | 0,865 | 0,659 | 0,184 | 0,008 | 0,236 | 0,009 | 0,018 |
FS [%] | 33,36 (±7,01) | 32,67 (±6,72) | 33,02 (±7,34) | 33,78 (±9,32) | 35,83 (±6,58) | 0,753 | 0,769 | 0,238 | 0,011 | 0,327 | 0,012 | 0,045 |
mFS [%] | 25,61 (±5,38) | 25,13 (±6,02) | 25,34 (±5,47) | 25,48 (±5,65) | 26,49 (±4,83) | 0,854 | 0,829 | 0,654 | 0,221 | 0,354 | 0,237 | 0,426 |
ESS [103dyn/cm2] | 152,9 (±24,1) | 149,7 (±25,5) | 148,2 (±27,4) | 142,5 (±23,4) | 132,6 (±22,1) | 0,265 | 0,262 | 0,009 | < 0,001 | 0,257 | < 0,001 | 0,005 |
mFS/ESS [n] | 0,174 (±0,056) | 0,169 (±0,083) | 0,170 (±0,063) | 0,178 (±0,062) | 0,20 (±0,05) | 0,153 | 0,201 | 0,012 | < 0,001 | 0,524 | < 0,001 | 0,002 |
LV mass indices | ||||||||||||
LVM [g] | 329,5 (±73,4) | 330,1 (±77,2) | 323,0 (±74,9) | 309,9 (±74,9) | 283,9 (±62,0) | 0,857 | 0,254 | 0,008 | < 0,001 | 0,189 | < 0,001 | 0,007 |
LVMI [g/m2] | 173,9 (±38,6) | 173,4 (±34,9) | 171,2 (±35,6) | 165,3 (±34,2) | 149,3 (±33,0) | 0,784 | 0,243 | 0,011 | < 0,001 | 0,124 | < 0,001 | 0,004 |
Analysis of changes in the LA echocardiographic planimetric and volumetric parameters over the 3-years of observation
Analysis of changes of echocardiographic hemodynamic parameters of the left atrium during the 3-years of follow-up
Analysis of the relationship between LAVI and the selected echocardiographic parameters
Parameter | LAVI | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Immediately after KTx | After 3 years follow-up | |||
R | p | R | p | |
LVEDd | 0,120 | 0,445 | 0,357 | 0,016 |
LVESd | 0,126 | 0,424 | 0,324 | 0,027 |
PWDd | 0,118 | 0,455 | 0,347 | 0,016 |
PWST | 0,126 | 0,424 | 0,024 | 0,878 |
IVSDd | 0,009 | 0,953 | 0,079 | 0,614 |
IVSSd | 0,068 | 0,665 | 0,065 | 0,680 |
ESS | 0,269 | 0,084 | 0,226 | 0,149 |
mFS | -0,076 | 0,629 | -0,126 | 0,425 |
mFS/ESS | -0,179 | 0,254 | -0,181 | 0,249 |
LVEDV | 0,110 | 0,486 | 0,188 | 0,232 |
LVESV | 0,022 | 0,885 | 0,046 | 0,768 |
LVSV | -0,457 | 0,0023 | -0,603 | < 0,0001 |
LVM | 0,367 | 0,006 | 0,085 | 0,592 |
LVMI | 0,362 | 0,008 | 0,135 | 0,392 |
EF | -0,221 | 0,157 | -0,278 | 0,074 |
FS | -0,299 | 0,053 | -0,359 | 0,019 |
LAmax | 0,814 | < 0,0001 | 0,785 | < 0,0001 |
LAmin | 0,766 | < 0,0001 | 0,805 | < 0,0001 |
LAwaveP | 0,741 | < 0,0001 | 0,756 | < 0,0001 |
LAshortmax | 0,932 | < 0,0001 | 0,914 | < 0,0001 |
LAlongmax | 0,846 | < 0,0001 | 0,835 | < 0,0001 |
LAcircmax | 0,545 | 0,00018 | 0,531 | 0,0002 |
LAareamax | 0,626 | < 0,0001 | 0,474 | 0,0015 |
LAVmax | 0,972 | < 0,0001 | 0,973 | < 0,0001 |
LAEF | -0,387 | 0,011 | -0,458 | 0,0022 |
LAFS | -0,429 | 0,0045 | -0,453 | 0,0011 |
Dependent variable | Independent variable | β | B | st. dev. | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LAVI | LAV | 0,980 | 0,532 | 0,007 | < 0,0001 |
LAFS | 0,025 | 0,056 | 0,025 | 0,039 | |
LVM | -0,881 | -0,141 | 0,019 | < 0,0001 | |
LVMI | 0,641 | 0,205 | 0,010 | < 0,0001 |
Dependent variable | Independent variable | β | B | st. dev. | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LAVI | LAshortmax | 0,285 | 0,541 | 0,001 | 0,002 |
LAlongmax | 0,199 | 0,235 | 0,001 | 0,002 | |
LAcircmax | 0,312 | 0,719 | 0,003 | 0,002 | |
LAVmax | 0,416 | 0,214 | 0,0008 | 0,002 | |
LAFS | 0,108 | 0,186 | 0,0005 | 0,001 | |
LVEDd | -0,149 | -2,862 | 0,111 | 0,024 | |
LVESd | 0,067 | 1,129 | 0,066 | 0,037 | |
PWST | -0,044 | -2,126 | 0,047 | 0,014 | |
LVSV | -0,031 | -0,017 | 0,002 | 0,083 |