nach oben

Journal of Clinical Immunology

Erschienen in:

17.06.2018 | CME Review

The Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome with Defective FAS or FAS-Ligand Functions

verfasst von: Frédéric Rieux-Laucat, Aude Magérus-Chatinet, Bénédicte Neven

Erschienen in: Journal of Clinical Immunology | Ausgabe 5/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a non-malignant and non-infectious uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes accompanied by autoimmune cytopenia. The genetic etiology of the ALPS was described in 1995 by the discovery of the FAS gene mutations. The related apoptosis defect accounts for the accumulation of autoreactive lymphocytes as well as for specific clinical and biological features that distinguish the ALPS-FAS from other monogenic defects of this apoptosis pathway, such as FADD and CASPASE 8 deficiencies. The ALPS-FAS was the first description of a monogenic cause of autoimmunity, but its non-Mendelian expression remained elusive until the description of somatic and germline mutations in ALPS patients. The recognition of these genetic diseases brought new information on the role of this apoptotic pathway in controlling the adaptive immune response in humans.

Canale VC, Smith CH. Chronic lymphadenopathy simulating malignant lymphoma. J Pediatr. 1967;70(6):891–9.CrossRefPubMed

Lavrik IN, Krammer PH. Regulation of CD95/Fas signaling at the DISC. Cell Death Differ. 2012;19(1):36–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2011.155.CrossRefPubMed

Schleich K, Krammer PH, Lavrik IN. The chains of death: a new view on caspase-8 activation at the DISC. Cell Cycle. 2013;12(2):193–4. https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.23464.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rieux-Laucat F, Fischer A, Deist FL. Cell-death signaling and human disease. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15(3):325–31.CrossRefPubMed

Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Brannan CI, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Nagata S. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defect in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature. 1992;356:314–7.CrossRefPubMed

Yonehara S, Ishii A, Yonehara M. A cell-killing monoclonal antibody (anti-Fas) to a cell surface antigen co-downregulated with the receptor of tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med. 1989;169(5):1747–56.CrossRefPubMed

Trauth B, Klas C, Peters A, Matzku S, Möller P, Falk W, et al. Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis. Science. 1989;245:301–4.CrossRefPubMed

Andrews BS, Eisenberg RA, Theofilopoulos AN, Izui S, Wilson CB, McConahey PJ, et al. Spontaneous murine lupus-like syndromes. Clinical and immunopathological manifestations in several strains. J Exp Med. 1978;148(5):1198–215.CrossRefPubMed

Takei F. Unique surface phenotype of T cells in lymphoproliferative autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol. 1984;133(4):1951–4.PubMed

10.

Nagata S, Suda T. Fas and Fas ligand: lpr and gld mutations. Immunol Today. 1995;16(1):39–43.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Shi X, Xie C, Kreska D, Richardson JA, Mohan C. Genetic dissection of SLE: SLE1 and FAS impact alternate pathways leading to lymphoproliferative autoimmunity. J Exp Med. 2002;196(3):281–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Vidal S, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Loci predisposing to autoimmunity in MRL-Fas lpr and C57BL/6-Faslpr mice. J Clin Invest. 1998;101(3):696–702.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Adachi M, Suematsu S, Suda T, Watanabe D, Fukuyama H, Ogasawara J, et al. Enhanced and accelerated lymphoproliferation in Fas-null mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(5):2131–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Karray S, Kress C, Cuvellier S, Hue-Beauvais C, Damotte D, Babinet C, et al. Complete loss of Fas ligand gene causes massive lymphoproliferation and early death, indicating a residual activity of gld allele. J Immunol. 2004;172(4):2118–25.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Matsuzawa A, Moriyama T, Kaneko T, Tanaka M, Kimura M, Ikeda H, et al. A new allele of the lpr locus, lprcg, that complements the gld gene in induction of lymphadenopathy in the mouse. J Exp Med. 1990;171(2):519–31.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Fisher GH, Rosenberg FJ, Straus SE, Dale JK, Middleton LA, Lin AY, et al. Dominant interfering Fas gene mutations impair apoptosis in a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Cell. 1995;81(6):935–46.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Rieux-Laucat F, Le Deist F, Hivroz C, Roberts I, Debatin K, Fischer A, et al. Mutations in fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity. Science. 1995;268:1347–9.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Le Deist F, Emile JF, Rieux-Laucat F, Benkerrou M, Roberts I, Brousse N, et al. Clinical, immunological, and pathological consequences of Fas-deficient conditions. Lancet. 1996;348(9029):719–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02293-3.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Bettinardi A, Brugnoni D, Quiros-Roldan E, Malagoli A, La Grutta S, Correra A, et al. Missense mutations in the Fas gene resulting in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: a molecular and immunological analysis. Blood. 1997;89(3):902–9.PubMed

20.

Holzelova E, Vonarbourg C, Stolzenberg MC, Arkwright PD, Selz F, Prieur AM, et al. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome with somatic Fas mutations. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(14):1409–18. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040036.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Dowdell KC, Niemela JE, Price S, Davis J, Hornung RL, Oliveira JB, et al. Somatic FAS mutations are common in patients with genetically undefined autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Blood. 2010;115(25):5164–9. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-01-263145.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Savic S, Dickie LJ, Battellino M, McDermott MF. Familial Mediterranean fever and related periodic fever syndromes/autoinflammatory diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012;24(1):103–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0b013e32834dd2d5.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Ma CA, Xi L, Cauff B, DeZure A, Freeman AF, Hambleton S, et al. Somatic STAT5b gain-of-function mutations in early onset nonclonal eosinophilia, urticaria, dermatitis, and diarrhea. Blood. 2017;129(5):650–3. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-09-737817.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Magerus-Chatinet A, Neven B, Stolzenberg MC, Daussy C, Arkwright PD, Lanzarotti N, et al. Onset of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) in humans as a consequence of genetic defect accumulation. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(1):106–12. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI43752.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Martinez-Feito A, Melero J, Mora-Diaz S, Rodriguez-Vigil C, Elduayen R, Gonzalez-Granado LI, et al. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to somatic FAS mutation (ALPS-sFAS) combined with a germline caspase-10 (CASP10) variation. Immunobiology. 2016;221(1):40–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2015.08.004.CrossRefPubMed

26.

van der Burg M, de Groot R, Comans-Bitter WM, den Hollander JC, Hooijkaas H, Neijens HJ, et al. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) in a child from consanguineous parents: a dominant or recessive disease? Pediatr Res. 2000;47(3):336–43.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Kasahara Y, Wada T, Niida Y, Yachie A, Seki H, Ishida Y, et al. Novel Fas (CD95/APO-1) mutations in infants with a lymphoproliferative disorder. Int Immunol. 1998;10(2):195–202.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Del-Rey M, Ruiz-Contreras J, Bosque A, Calleja S, Gomez-Rial J, Roldan E, et al. A homozygous Fas ligand gene mutation in a patient causes a new type of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Blood. 2006;108(4):1306–12. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-04-015776.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Magerus-Chatinet A, Stolzenberg MC, Lanzarotti N, Neven B, Daussy C, Picard C, et al. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome caused by a homozygous null FAS ligand (FASLG) mutation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(2):486–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.06.011.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Sobh A, Crestani E, Cangemi B, Kane J, Chou J, Pai SY, et al. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome caused by a homozygous FasL mutation that disrupts FasL assembly. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;137:324–327.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.025. CrossRefPubMed

31.

Nabhani S, Honscheid A, Oommen PT, Fleckenstein B, Schaper J, Kuhlen M, et al. A novel homozygous Fas ligand mutation leads to early protein truncation, abrogation of death receptor and reverse signaling and a severe form of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Clin Immunol. 2014;155(2):231–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2014.10.006.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Suzuki I, Fink PJ. Maximal proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes requires reverse signaling through Fas ligand. J Exp Med. 1998;187(1):123–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Luckerath K, Kirkin V, Melzer IM, Thalheimer FB, Siele D, Milani W, et al. Immune modulation by Fas ligand reverse signaling: lymphocyte proliferation is attenuated by the intracellular Fas ligand domain. Blood. 2011;117(2):519–29. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-07-292722.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Paulsen M, Mathew B, Qian J, Lettau M, Kabelitz D, Janssen O. FasL cross-linking inhibits activation of human peripheral T cells. Int Immunol. 2009;21(5):587–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxp028.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Desbarats J, Duke RC, Newell MK. Newly discovered role for Fas ligand in the cell-cycle arrest of CD4+ T cells. Nat Med. 1998;4(12):1377–82. https://doi.org/10.1038/3965.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Malleter M, Tauzin S, Bessede A, Castellano R, Goubard A, Godey F, et al. CD95L cell surface cleavage triggers a prometastatic signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2013;73(22):6711–21. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-1794.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Kleber S, Sancho-Martinez I, Wiestler B, Beisel A, Gieffers C, Hill O, et al. Yes and PI3K bind CD95 to signal invasion of glioblastoma. Cancer Cell. 2008;13(3):235–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2008.02.003.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Poissonnier A, Sanseau D, Le Gallo M, Malleter M, Levoin N, Viel R, et al. CD95-mediated calcium signaling promotes T helper 17 trafficking to inflamed organs in lupus-prone mice. Immunity. 2016;45(1):209–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.06.028.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Griffith TS, Brunner T, Fletcher SM, Green DR, Ferguson TA. Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege. Science. 1995;270(5239):1189–92.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Bellgrau D, Gold D, Selawry H, Moore J, Franzusoff A, Duke RC. A role for CD95 ligand in preventing graft rejection. Nature. 1995;377(6550):630–2. https://doi.org/10.1038/377630a0.CrossRefPubMed

41.

O'Connell J. Fas ligand and the fate of antitumour cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunology. 2002;105(3):263–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Kang SM, Schneider DB, Lin Z, Hanahan D, Dichek DA, Stock PG, et al. Fas ligand expression in islets of Langerhans does not confer immune privilege and instead targets them for rapid destruction. Nat Med. 1997;3(7):738–43.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Dupont PJ, Warrens AN. Fas ligand exerts its pro-inflammatory effects via neutrophil recruitment but not activation. Immunology. 2007;120(1):133–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02504.x. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Ferguson TA, Griffith TS. A vision of cell death: Fas ligand and immune privilege 10 years later. Immunol Rev. 2006;213:228–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00430.x.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Wu JG, Wilson J, He J, Xiang LB, Schur PH, Mountz JD. Fas ligand mutation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lymphoproliferative disease. J Clin Investig. 1996;98(5):1107–13.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Bi LL, Pan G, Atkinson TP, Zheng L, Dale JK, Makris C, et al. Dominant inhibition of Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis due to a heterozygous mutation associated with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) type Ib. BMC Med Genet. 2007;8:41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Bolze A, Byun M, McDonald D, Morgan NV, Abhyankar A, Premkumar L, et al. Whole-exome-sequencing-based discovery of human FADD deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 2010;87(6):873–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.028.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Zhang J, Cado D, Chen A, Kabra NH, Winoto A. Fas-mediated apoptosis and activation-induced T-cell proliferation are defective in mice lacking FADD/Mort1. Nature. 1998;392(6673):296–300.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Zhu S, Hsu AP, Vacek MM, Zheng L, Schaffer AA, Dale JK, et al. Genetic alterations in caspase-10 may be causative or protective in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Hum Genet. 2006;119(3):284–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-006-0138-9.CrossRefPubMed

50.

Campagnoli MF, Garbarini L, Quarello P, Garelli E, Carando A, Baravalle V, et al. The broad spectrum of autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease: molecular bases, clinical features and long-term follow-up in 31 patients. Haematologica. 2006;91(4):538–41.PubMed

51.

Puck JM, Zhu S. Immune disorders caused by defects in the caspase cascade. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2003;3(5):378–84.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Wang J, Zheng L, Lobito A, Chan FK, Dale J, Sneller M, et al. Inherited human caspase 10 mutations underlie defective lymphocyte and dendritic cell apoptosis in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type II. Cell. 1999;98(1):47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80605-4.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Cerutti E, Campagnoli MF, Ferretti M, Garelli E, Crescenzio N, Rosolen A, et al. Co-inherited mutations of Fas and caspase-10 in development of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. BMC Immunol. 2007;8:28.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Chun HJ, Zheng L, Ahmad M, Wang J, Speirs CK, Siegel RM, et al. Pleiotropic defects in lymphocyte activation caused by caspase-8 mutations lead to human immunodeficiency. Nature. 2002;419(6905):395–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01063.CrossRefPubMed

55.

Niemela J, Kuehn HS, Kelly C, Zhang M, Davies J, Melendez J, et al. Caspase-8 deficiency presenting as late-onset multi-organ lymphocytic infiltration with granulomas in two adult siblings. J Clin Immunol. 2015;35(4):348–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-015-0150-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Salmena L, Hakem R. Caspase-8 deficiency in T cells leads to a lethal lymphoinfiltrative immune disorder. J Exp Med. 2005;202(6):727–32. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050683.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

57.

Kataoka T, Budd RC, Holler N, Thome M, Martinon F, Irmler M, et al. The caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP promotes activation of NF-kappaB and Erk signaling pathways. Curr Biol. 2000;10(11):640–8.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Shah S, Wu E, Rao VK, Tarrant TK. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: an update and review of the literature. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2014;14(9):462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-014-0462-4. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Oliveira JB, Bleesing JJ, Dianzani U, Fleisher TA, Jaffe ES, Lenardo MJ, et al. Revised diagnostic criteria and classification for the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: report from the 2009 NIH International Workshop. Blood. 2010;116:e35–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Rensing-Ehl A, Volkl S, Speckmann C, Lorenz MR, Ritter J, Janda A, et al. Abnormally differentiated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells with phenotypic and genetic features of double negative T cells in human Fas deficiency. Blood. 2014;124(6):851–60. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-03-564286.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Magerus-Chatinet A, Stolzenberg MC, Loffredo MS, Neven B, Schaffner C, Ducrot N, et al. FAS-L, IL-10, and double-negative CD4− CD8− TCR alpha/beta+ T cells are reliable markers of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) associated with FAS loss of function. Blood. 2009;113(13):3027–30. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-09-179630.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Neven B, Bruneau J, Stolzenberg MC, Meyts I, Magerus-Chatinet A, Moens L, et al. Defective anti-polysaccharide response and splenic marginal zone disorganization in ALPS patients. Blood. 2014;124(10):1597–609. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-02-553834.CrossRefPubMed

63.

van den Berg A, Tamminga R, de Jong D, Maggio E, Kamps W, Poppema S. FAS gene mutation in a case of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type IA with accumulation of gammadelta+ T cells. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(4):546–53.CrossRefPubMed

64.

Neven B, Magerus-Chatinet A, Florkin B, Gobert D, Lambotte O, De Somer L, et al. A survey of 90 patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome related to TNFRSF6 mutation. Blood. 2011;118(18):4798–807. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-04-347641.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Rensing-Ehl A, Warnatz K, Fuchs S, Schlesier M, Salzer U, Draeger R, et al. Clinical and immunological overlap between autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol. 2010;137(3):357–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2010.08.008.CrossRefPubMed

66.

Roberts CA, Ayers L, Bateman EA, Sadler R, Magerus-Chatinet A, Rieux-Laucat F, et al. Investigation of common variable immunodeficiency patients and healthy individuals using autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome biomarkers. Hum Immunol. 2013;74(12):1531–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2013.08.266.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Sriram S, Joshi AY, Rodriguez V, Kumar S. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: a rare cause of disappearing HDL syndrome. Case Rep Immunol. 2016;2016:7945953. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7945953.CrossRef

68.

Muppidi JR, Siegel RM. Ligand-independent redistribution of Fas (CD95) into lipid rafts mediates clonotypic T cell death. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(2):182–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1024.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Caminha I, Fleisher TA, Hornung RL, Dale JK, Niemela JE, Price S, et al. Using biomarkers to predict the presence of FAS mutations in patients with features of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(4):946–9 e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.983.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

70.

Lambotte O, Neven B, Galicier L, Magerus-Chatinet A, Schleinitz N, Hermine O, et al. Diagnosis of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome caused by FAS deficiency in adults. Haematologica. 2013;98(3):389–92. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2012.067488.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

71.

Teachey DT, Manno CS, Axsom KM, Andrews T, Choi JK, Greenbaum BH, et al. Unmasking Evans syndrome: T-cell phenotype and apoptotic response reveal autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Blood. 2005;105(6):2443–8. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-09-3542.CrossRefPubMed

72.

Lo B, Abdel-Motal UM. Lessons from CTLA-4 deficiency and checkpoint inhibition. Curr Opin Immunol. 2017;49:14–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.014.CrossRefPubMed

73.

Janda A, Schwarz K, van der Burg M, Vach W, Ijspeert H, Lorenz MR, et al. Disturbed B-lymphocyte selection in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Blood. 2016;127(18):2193–202. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-04-642488.CrossRefPubMed

74.

Boulanger E, Rieux-Laucat F, Picard C, Legall M, Sigaux F, Clauvel JP, et al. Diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a patient with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Br J Haematol. 2001;113(2):432–4.CrossRefPubMed

75.

Straus SE, Jaffe ES, Puck JM, Dale JK, Elkon KB, Rosen-Wolff A, et al. The development of lymphomas in families with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome with germline Fas mutations and defective lymphocyte apoptosis. Blood. 2001;98(1):194–200.CrossRefPubMed

76.

Price S, Shaw PA, Seitz A, Joshi G, Davis J, Niemela JE, et al. Natural history of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with FAS gene mutations. Blood. 2014;123(13):1989–99. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-10-535393.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

77.

Rao VK, Oliveira JB. How I treat autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Blood. 2011;118(22):5741–51. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-07-325217.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

78.

Klemann C, Esquivel M, Magerus-Chatinet A, Lorenz MR, Fuchs I, Neveux N, et al. Evolution of disease activity and biomarkers on and off rapamycin in 28 patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Haematologica. 2017;102(2):e52–e6. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2016.153411. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

Sleight BJ, Prasad VS, DeLaat C, Steele P, Ballard E, Arceci RJ, et al. Correction of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome by bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998;22(4):375–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1701306.CrossRefPubMed

80.

Benkerrou M, Le Deist F, de Villartay J, Caillat-Zuckman S, Rieux-Laucat F, Jabado N, et al. Correction of fas (CD95) deficiency by haploidentical bone marrow transplantation. Eur J Immunol. 1997;27:2043–7.CrossRefPubMed

81.

Rieux-Laucat F, Immunology CJL. Autoimmunity by haploinsufficiency. Science. 2014;345(6204):1560–1. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260791.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: The Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome with Defective FAS or FAS-Ligand Functions
verfasst von: Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
Aude Magérus-Chatinet
Bénédicte Neven
Publikationsdatum: 17.06.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Clinical Immunology / Ausgabe 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0271-9142
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2592
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-018-0523-x

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

25.04.2024 | Hypotonie | Nachrichten

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

The Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome with Defective FAS or FAS-Ligand Functions

Abstract

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Update Innere Medizin

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2018

Low Rates of Poliovirus Antibodies in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients on Regular Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment

Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2): Updates on the Phenotype, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Utility of Ruxolitinib in a Child with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Caused by a Novel STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutation

Reflex Testing of Immunoglobulins in Patients with Total Serum IgE < 2 kU/L

Renal Disease in Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Data from the USIDNET Registry

Transient Marked Increase of γδ T Cells in WHIM Syndrome After Successful HSCT

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Update Innere Medizin