Background
Methods
Outcome variables and covariates
Results
Variable | Baseline^ n (%) | Unadjusted HR (95%CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95%CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | - | ||||
Prince George | 63 (42.6) | 1.48 (0.82, 2.66) | 0.676 | ||
Vancouver | 85 (57.4) | 1.0 (Reference) | |||
Sex | |||||
Female | 79 (53.4) | 1.43 (0.79, 2.60) | - | ||
Male | 69 (46.6) | 1.0 (Reference) | 0.240 | ||
Age at enrolment | 23.1** (3.9) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.02) | 0.161 | - | - |
Sexual identity | |||||
Gay/bisexual/two-spirited | 17 (11.5) | 1.62 (0.72, 3.63) | 0.242 | - | - |
Straight | 131 (88.5) | 1.0 (Reference) | |||
At least one parent in residential school | - | - | |||
Yes | 81 (54.7) | 0.95 (0.53, 1.70) | 0.850 | ||
No/unsure | 67 (45.3) | 1.0 (Reference) | |||
Ever taken into foster care | - | - | |||
Yes | 101 (68.2) | 1.29 (0.67, 2.51) | 0.445 | ||
No | 47 (31.8) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Ever sexually abused | - | ||||
Yes | 76 (52.1) | 1.66 (0.91, 3.04) | 0.098 | - | |
No/unsure | 70 (47.9) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Sexual assault last 6 months | - | - | |||
Yes | 3 (2) | 1.19 (0.37, 3.85) | 0.770 | ||
No | 145 (98) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Relationship status last 6 months | - | - | |||
Single | 115 (77.8) | 0.96 (0.64, 1.45) | 0.856 | ||
In a relationship | 33 (22.2) | 1.0 (Reference) | |||
Ever on streets for >3 nights | 0.845 | - | - | ||
Yes | 56 (38.1) | 0.94 (0.52, 1.72) | |||
No | 91 (61.9) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
On street for > nights last 6 months | - | ||||
Yes | n/a | 1.26 (0.83, 1.90) | 0.275 | - | |
No | 1.0 (reference) | ||||
Ever been in jail prison | |||||
Yes | 97 (66) | 1.11 (0.59, 2.09) | 0.742 | - | - |
No | 50 (34) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Been in jail or prison last 6 months | - | - | |||
Yes | 38 (25.7) | 1.25 (0.83, 1.89) | 0.291 | ||
No | 110 (74.3) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Ever attempted suicide | |||||
Yes | 66 (44.6) | 0.67 (0.37, 1.23) | 0.195 | - | - |
No | 82 (55.4) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Number of lifetime sexual partners | 0.530 | - | - | ||
>20 | 70 (48.6) | 1.21 (0.67, 2.18) | |||
<20/refused | 74 (51.4) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Ever involved in sex work | - | - | |||
Yes | 67 (45.6) | 1.63 (0.90, 2.96) | 0.107 | ||
No | 80 (54.4) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Involved in sex work last 6 months | |||||
Yes | 47 (31.8) |
1.71 (1.16, 2.53)
|
0.007
|
1.59 (1.05, 2.42)
|
0.030
|
No | 101 (68.2) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
Condom use for insertive sex with regular partner last 6 months | - | - | |||
Not always | 62 (41.9) | 0.82 (0.51, 1.34) | 0.437 | ||
Always | 86 (58.1) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Condom use for insertive sex with causal partner last 6 months | - | - | |||
Not always | 28 (18.9) | 0.60 (0.24, 1.48) | 0.268 | ||
Always | 120 (81.1) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Condom use for insertive sex with clients last 6 months | - | - | |||
Not always | 6 (4.1) | 1.96 (0.61, 6.36) | 0.260 | ||
Always | 142 (95.9) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Ever had a STI | |||||
Yes | 65 (43.9) | 1.17 (0.65, 2.12) | - | - | |
No | 83 (56.1) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.604 | ||
Had a STI last 6 months | |||||
Yes | 16 (10.8) | 0.94 (0.36, 2.50) | 0.908 | - | - |
No | 132 (89.2) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Ever overdose | |||||
Yes | 48 (32.4) | 0.76 (0.42, 1.40) | 0.382 | - | - |
No | 100 (67.6) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Overdose last 6 months | |||||
Yes | 20 (13.5) | 1.71 (0.82, 3.58) | 0.152 | - | - |
No | 128 (86.5) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Time since initiation of injection drug use1
| |||||
< 2 years | n/a |
4.57 (2.19, 9.51)
|
<0.001
|
4.14 (1.91, 8.94)
|
<0.001
|
2-5 years |
2.43 (1.09, 5.45)
|
0.031
|
2.12 (0.94, 4.77)
|
0.070
| |
> 5 years | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Frequency of injection cocaine last 6 months | |||||
Daily | 16 (10.8) |
3.94 (2.49, 6.24)
|
<0.001
|
2.47 (1.51, 4.05)
|
<0.001
|
< Daily/non-user | 132 (89.2) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
Frequency of injection methamphetamine last 6 months | - | - | |||
Daily | 4 (2.7) | 1.79 (0.90, 3.57) | 0.099 | ||
< Daily/non-user | 144 (97.3) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Frequency of injection opiates last 6 months | - | - | |||
Daily | 27 (18.2) |
2.06 (1.43, 2.98)
|
<0.001
| ||
< Daily/non-user | 125 (81.7) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Syringe sharing last 6 months | |||||
Yes | 19 (12.8) |
3.35 (2.09, 5.39)
|
<0.001
|
2.56 (1.47, 4.49)
|
0.001
|
No | 129 (87.2) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
Reuse of own syringes last 6 months | - | - | |||
Yes | 13 (9.1) |
2.17 (1.48, 3.19)
|
<0.001
| ||
No | 131 (90.9) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Hard to find new syringes last 6 months | - | - | |||
Yes | 15 (10.1) |
2.16 (1.31, 3.57)
|
0.003
| ||
No | 133 (89.9) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Need help injecting last 6 months | - | - | |||
Yes | 38 (25.7) | 1.14 (0.61, 2.14) | 0.687 | ||
No | 110 (74.3) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Accessed any alcohol or drug treatment program last 6 months | - | - | |||
Yes | 31 (21.1) | 1.25 (0.81, 1.93) | 0.317 | ||
No | 116 (78.9) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Unable to access drug treatment program | - | - | |||
Yes | 22 (15) | 0.90 (0.48, 1.69) | 0.741 | ||
No | 125 (85) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
Currently in methadone treatment program | - | - | |||
Yes | 5 (3.4) | 2.11 (0.83, 5.37) | 0.117 | ||
No | 143 (96.6) | 1.0 (reference) |
HCV incidence | Incident cases | Total person years | Incidence density (per 100 person years) | 95% Confidence Interval (per 100 person years) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 45 | 387.9 | 11.6 | 8.5- 17.1 |
≤2 years since initiation of injection drug use | 21 | 79.7 | 26.3 | 16.3-46.1 |
2-5 years since initiation of IDU | 13 | 90.4 | 14.4 | 7.7-28.9 |
Over 5 years since initiation of IDU | 11 | 214.5 | 5.1 | 2.6-10.9 |