The clinical analysis of bilateral successive sudden sensorineural hearing loss

The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of successive bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) with an interval of more than 1 year to aid the evaluation and management of successive bilateral SSNHL (BSSNHL). 14 successive BSSNHL patients and 118 unilateral SSNHL patients with severe and profound hearing loss were reviewed retrospectively. Information about successive BSSNHL was collected included demographics, the intervals between the attacks of bilateral ears, the past medical history, inducing factors, accompanying symptoms, pure-tone tests, blood tests, b-ultrasound examinations of vertebral artery and carotid artery, and medical interventions. And the comparison of improvement rate was made between successive BSSNHL and unilateral SSNHL. SPSS 15.0 was used to analyze the data. In successive BSSNHL, there were six males and eight females; the average aged was 49.86 ± 15.45 years (20–73 years). The interval of the two attacks was 11.43 ± 12.07 years (1–50 years) on average. The onset of treatment was 18.86 ± 12.71 days. Tinnitus was seen in 100 % of the patients, followed by vertigo in 42.85 %, and ear fullness in 21.43 %. 3 of 14 patients described obvious inducing factor: tiredness. Five patients (35.71 %) had hypertension histories, three (21.43 %) had diabetes histories, two (14.29 %) had surgery histories, one (7.14 %) was with depression history, one (7.14 %) was with coronary heart disease history. 30 % (3/10) patients were with atherosclerotic plaque in carotid artery. 4 (28.57 %) patients were with high blood sugar. 8 patients (57.14 %) were with high blood lipids. Thyroid function tests were positive in 27.27 % (3/11) patients. No abnormality was found in antinuclear antibodies titer. The percentage of profound and severe hearing loss were 71.43 and 78.57 % in the recently affected ear and contralateral ear separately. The PTAs of the recently affected ear were 77.14 ± 27.12 dB before treatment and 68.84 ± 22.32 dB after treatment, the improvement rate was 28.57 %. No improvement was found in the contralateral ears. In unilateral SSNHL, the average age was 42.47 ± 14.18 years. The onset of treatment was 18.08 ± 15.84 days. The improvement rate was 57.63 %, which was much higher than that of successive BSSNHL. There was no difference in age and time of onset of treatment between successive BSSNHL and unilateral SSNHL (p > 0.05). Successive BSSNHL is rare, the hearing impairment is severe, and the outcome of treatment is poorer. It may have a completely different profile compared with the simultaneous BSSNHL and unilateral SSNHL.