Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 1/2017

09.10.2015

The Clinical Features of Myositis-Associated Autoantibodies: a Review

verfasst von: Harsha Gunawardena

Erschienen in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | Ausgabe 1/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of autoimmune diseases traditionally defined by clinical manifestations including skeletal muscle weakness, skin rashes, elevated skeletal muscle enzymes, and neurophysiological and/or histological evidence of muscle inflammation. Patients with myositis overlap can develop other features including parenchymal lung disease, inflammatory arthritis, gastrointestinal manifestations and marked constitutional symptoms. Although patients may be diagnosed as having polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) under the IIM spectrum, it is quite clear that disease course between subgroups of patients is different. For example, interstitial lung disease may predominate in some, whereas cutaneous complications, cancer risk, or severe refractory myopathy may be a significant feature in others. Therefore, tools that facilitate diagnosis and indicate which patients require more detailed investigation for disease complications are invaluable in clinical practice. The expanding field of autoantibodies (autoAbs) associated with connective tissue disease (CTD)-myositis overlap has generated considerable interest over the last few years. Using an immunological diagnostic approach, this group of heterogeneous conditions can be separated into a number of distinct clinical phenotypes. Rather than diagnose a patient as simply having PM, DM or overlap CTD, we can define syndromes to differentiate disease subsets that emphasise clinical outcomes and guide management. There are now over 15 CTD-myositis overlap autoAbs found in patients with a range of clinical manifestations including interstitial pneumonia, cutaneous disease, cancer-associated myositis and autoimmune-mediated necrotising myopathy. This review describes their diagnostic utility, potential role in disease monitoring and response to treatment. In the future, routine use of these autoAb will allow a stratified approach to managing this complex set of conditions.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohan A, Peter JB (1975) Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 292(7):344–347PubMedCrossRef Bohan A, Peter JB (1975) Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 292(7):344–347PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohan A, Peter JB (1975) Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 292(8):403–407PubMedCrossRef Bohan A, Peter JB (1975) Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 292(8):403–407PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanimoto K, Nakano K, Kano S, Mori S, Ueki H, Nishitani H, Sato T, Kiuchi T, Ohashi Y (1995) Classification criteria for polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 22(4):668–674PubMed Tanimoto K, Nakano K, Kano S, Mori S, Ueki H, Nishitani H, Sato T, Kiuchi T, Ohashi Y (1995) Classification criteria for polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 22(4):668–674PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Gunawardena H, Betteridge ZE, McHugh NJ (2009) Myositis specific autoantibodies: their clinical and pathogenic significance in disease expression. Rheumatology 48(6):607–612PubMedCrossRef Gunawardena H, Betteridge ZE, McHugh NJ (2009) Myositis specific autoantibodies: their clinical and pathogenic significance in disease expression. Rheumatology 48(6):607–612PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Tansley S, Gunawardena H (2014) The evolving spectrum of polymyositis and dermatomyositis--moving towards clinicoserological syndromes: a critical review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 47(3):264–273PubMedCrossRef Tansley S, Gunawardena H (2014) The evolving spectrum of polymyositis and dermatomyositis--moving towards clinicoserological syndromes: a critical review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 47(3):264–273PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang EH, Kuwana M, Okazaki Y, Lee EY, Lee YJ, Lee EB et al (2014) Comparison of radioimmunoprecipitation versus antigen-specific assays for identification of myositis-specific autoantibodies in dermatomyositis patients. Mod Rheumatol 24(6):945–948PubMedCrossRef Kang EH, Kuwana M, Okazaki Y, Lee EY, Lee YJ, Lee EB et al (2014) Comparison of radioimmunoprecipitation versus antigen-specific assays for identification of myositis-specific autoantibodies in dermatomyositis patients. Mod Rheumatol 24(6):945–948PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Ronnelid J, Barbasso Helmers S, Storfors H, Grip K, Ronnblom L, Franck-Larsson K et al (2009) Use of a commercial line blot assay as a screening test for autoantibodies in inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmun Rev 9(1):58–61PubMedCrossRef Ronnelid J, Barbasso Helmers S, Storfors H, Grip K, Ronnblom L, Franck-Larsson K et al (2009) Use of a commercial line blot assay as a screening test for autoantibodies in inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmun Rev 9(1):58–61PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakashima R, Imura Y, Hosono Y, Seto M, Murakami A, Watanabe K et al (2014) The multicenter study of a New assay for simultaneous detection of multiple anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in myositis and interstitial pneumonia. PLoS ONE 9(1), e85062PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nakashima R, Imura Y, Hosono Y, Seto M, Murakami A, Watanabe K et al (2014) The multicenter study of a New assay for simultaneous detection of multiple anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in myositis and interstitial pneumonia. PLoS ONE 9(1), e85062PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Aggarwal R, Oddis CV, Goudeau D, Fertig N, Metes I, Stephens C et al. (2014) Anti-signal recognition particle autoantibody ELISA validation and clinical associations. Rheumatology Dec 17 pii: keu436 [Epub ahead of print] Aggarwal R, Oddis CV, Goudeau D, Fertig N, Metes I, Stephens C et al. (2014) Anti-signal recognition particle autoantibody ELISA validation and clinical associations. Rheumatology Dec 17 pii: keu436 [Epub ahead of print]
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Hane H, Muro Y, Watanabe K, Ogawa Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2014) Establishment of an ELISA to detect anti-glycyl-tRNA synthetase antibody (anti-EJ), a serological marker of dermatomyositis/polymyositis and interstitial lung disease. Clin Chim Acta 431:9–14PubMedCrossRef Hane H, Muro Y, Watanabe K, Ogawa Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2014) Establishment of an ELISA to detect anti-glycyl-tRNA synthetase antibody (anti-EJ), a serological marker of dermatomyositis/polymyositis and interstitial lung disease. Clin Chim Acta 431:9–14PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato S, Hoshino K, Satoh T, Fujita T, Kawakami Y, Fujita T, Kuwana M (2009) RNA helicase encoded by melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is a major autoantigen in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: association with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 60(7):2193–2200PubMedCrossRef Sato S, Hoshino K, Satoh T, Fujita T, Kawakami Y, Fujita T, Kuwana M (2009) RNA helicase encoded by melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is a major autoantigen in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: association with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 60(7):2193–2200PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Aggarwal R, Oddis CV, Goudeau D, Fertig N, Metes I, Stephens C et al (2014) Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1-gamma autoantibody ELISA development and validation. Rheumatology 53(3):433–437PubMedCrossRef Aggarwal R, Oddis CV, Goudeau D, Fertig N, Metes I, Stephens C et al (2014) Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1-gamma autoantibody ELISA development and validation. Rheumatology 53(3):433–437PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Labrador-Horrillo M, Martinez MA, Selva-O’Callaghan A et al (2012) Anti-TIF1 antibodies (antip155) in adult patients with dermatomyositis: comparison of different diagnostic assays. Ann Rheum Dis 71(6):993–996PubMedCrossRef Labrador-Horrillo M, Martinez MA, Selva-O’Callaghan A et al (2012) Anti-TIF1 antibodies (antip155) in adult patients with dermatomyositis: comparison of different diagnostic assays. Ann Rheum Dis 71(6):993–996PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishikawa A, Muro Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2012) Development of an ELISA for detection of autoantibodies to nuclear matrix protein 2. Rheumatology 51(7):1181–1187PubMedCrossRef Ishikawa A, Muro Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2012) Development of an ELISA for detection of autoantibodies to nuclear matrix protein 2. Rheumatology 51(7):1181–1187PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Muro Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2013) A new ELISA for dermatomyositis autoantibodies: rapid introduction of autoantigen cDNA to recombinant assays for autoantibody measurement. Clin Dev Immunol 2013:856815PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Muro Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2013) A new ELISA for dermatomyositis autoantibodies: rapid introduction of autoantigen cDNA to recombinant assays for autoantibody measurement. Clin Dev Immunol 2013:856815PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Mammen AL, Chung T, Christopher-Stine L (2011) Autoantibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in patients with statin associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 63(3):713–721PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mammen AL, Chung T, Christopher-Stine L (2011) Autoantibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in patients with statin associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 63(3):713–721PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Musset L, Miyara M, Benveniste O, Charuel J-L, Shikhman A, Boyer O et al (2014) Analysis of Autoantibodies to 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase Using Different Technologies. Int J Immunol Res 2014:405956 Musset L, Miyara M, Benveniste O, Charuel J-L, Shikhman A, Boyer O et al (2014) Analysis of Autoantibodies to 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase Using Different Technologies. Int J Immunol Res 2014:405956
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Drouot L, Allenbach Y, Jouen F, Charuel J-L, Martinet JRM, Meyer A et al (2014) Exploring necrotizing autoimmune myopathies with a novel immunoassay for anti-3-hydroxy-3- methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase autoantibodies. Arthritis Res Ther 16(1):1–11CrossRef Drouot L, Allenbach Y, Jouen F, Charuel J-L, Martinet JRM, Meyer A et al (2014) Exploring necrotizing autoimmune myopathies with a novel immunoassay for anti-3-hydroxy-3- methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase autoantibodies. Arthritis Res Ther 16(1):1–11CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedman AW, Targoff IN, Arnett FC (1996) Interstitial lung disease with autoantibodies against aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in the absence of clinically apparent myositis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 26(1):459–467PubMedCrossRef Friedman AW, Targoff IN, Arnett FC (1996) Interstitial lung disease with autoantibodies against aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in the absence of clinically apparent myositis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 26(1):459–467PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalluri M, Sahn SA, Oddis CV, Gharib SL, Christopher-Stine L, Danoff SK et al (2009) Clinical profile of anti-PL-12 autoantibody: cohort study and review of the literature. Chest 135(6):1550–1556PubMedCrossRef Kalluri M, Sahn SA, Oddis CV, Gharib SL, Christopher-Stine L, Danoff SK et al (2009) Clinical profile of anti-PL-12 autoantibody: cohort study and review of the literature. Chest 135(6):1550–1556PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Debray MP, Borie R, Revel MP, Naccache JM, Khalil A, Toper C et al (2015) Interstitial lung disease in anti-synthetase syndrome: initial and follow up CT findings. Eur J Radiol 84(3):516–523PubMedCrossRef Debray MP, Borie R, Revel MP, Naccache JM, Khalil A, Toper C et al (2015) Interstitial lung disease in anti-synthetase syndrome: initial and follow up CT findings. Eur J Radiol 84(3):516–523PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer A, Brown KK (2015) Interstitial lung disease in undifferentiated forms of connective tissue disease. Arthritis Care Res 67(1):4–11CrossRef Fischer A, Brown KK (2015) Interstitial lung disease in undifferentiated forms of connective tissue disease. Arthritis Care Res 67(1):4–11CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Marguerie C, Bunn CC, Beynon HL, Bernstein RM, Hughes JM, So AK, Walport MJ (1990) Polymyositis, pulmonary fibrosis and autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes. Q J Med 77(282):1019–1038PubMedCrossRef Marguerie C, Bunn CC, Beynon HL, Bernstein RM, Hughes JM, So AK, Walport MJ (1990) Polymyositis, pulmonary fibrosis and autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes. Q J Med 77(282):1019–1038PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hallowell RW, Ascherman DP, Danoff SK (2014) Pulmonary manifestations of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 35(2):239–248PubMedCrossRef Hallowell RW, Ascherman DP, Danoff SK (2014) Pulmonary manifestations of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 35(2):239–248PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Hallowell RW, Danoff SK (2014) Interstitial lung disease associated with the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and the antisynthetase syndrome: recent advances. Curr Opin Rheumatol 26(6):684–689PubMedCrossRef Hallowell RW, Danoff SK (2014) Interstitial lung disease associated with the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and the antisynthetase syndrome: recent advances. Curr Opin Rheumatol 26(6):684–689PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe K, Handa T, Tanizawa K, Hosono Y, Taguchi Y, Noma S et al (2011) Detection of antisynthetase syndrome in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Respir Med 105(8):1238–1472PubMedCrossRef Watanabe K, Handa T, Tanizawa K, Hosono Y, Taguchi Y, Noma S et al (2011) Detection of antisynthetase syndrome in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Respir Med 105(8):1238–1472PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Schneider F, Yousem SA, Bi D, Gibson KF, Oddis CV, Aggarwal R (2014) Pulmonary pathologic manifestations of anti-glycl-tRNA synthetase (anti-EJ)- related inflammatory myopathy. J Clin Pathol 67(8):678–683PubMedCrossRef Schneider F, Yousem SA, Bi D, Gibson KF, Oddis CV, Aggarwal R (2014) Pulmonary pathologic manifestations of anti-glycl-tRNA synthetase (anti-EJ)- related inflammatory myopathy. J Clin Pathol 67(8):678–683PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Marie I, Josse S, Decaux O, Diot E, Landron C, Roblot P et al (2013) Clinical manifestations and outcome of anti-PL7 positive patients with anti-synthetase syndrome. Eur J Intern Med 24(5):474–479PubMedCrossRef Marie I, Josse S, Decaux O, Diot E, Landron C, Roblot P et al (2013) Clinical manifestations and outcome of anti-PL7 positive patients with anti-synthetase syndrome. Eur J Intern Med 24(5):474–479PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson C, Connors GR, Oaks J, Han S, Truong A, Richardson B et al (2014) Clinical and pathologic differences in interstitial lung disease based on antisynthetase antibody type. Respir Med 108(10):1542–1548PubMedCrossRef Johnson C, Connors GR, Oaks J, Han S, Truong A, Richardson B et al (2014) Clinical and pathologic differences in interstitial lung disease based on antisynthetase antibody type. Respir Med 108(10):1542–1548PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Marie I, Josse S, Decaux O, Dominique S, Landron C, Roblot P et al (2013) Outcome of anti-PL12 positive patients with antisynthetase syndrome. Presse Med 42(6):e153–e158PubMedCrossRef Marie I, Josse S, Decaux O, Dominique S, Landron C, Roblot P et al (2013) Outcome of anti-PL12 positive patients with antisynthetase syndrome. Presse Med 42(6):e153–e158PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Marie I, Josse S, Decaux O, Dominique S, Diot E, Landron C et al (2012) Comparison of long-term outcome between anti-Jo1- and anti-PL7/PL12 positive patients with antisynthetase syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 11(10):739–745PubMedCrossRef Marie I, Josse S, Decaux O, Dominique S, Diot E, Landron C et al (2012) Comparison of long-term outcome between anti-Jo1- and anti-PL7/PL12 positive patients with antisynthetase syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 11(10):739–745PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamaguchi Y, Fujimoto M, Matsushita T, Kaji K, Komura K, Hasegawa M et al (2013) Common and distinct clinical features in adult patients with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies: heterogeneity within the syndrome. PLoS One 8(4), e60442PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hamaguchi Y, Fujimoto M, Matsushita T, Kaji K, Komura K, Hasegawa M et al (2013) Common and distinct clinical features in adult patients with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies: heterogeneity within the syndrome. PLoS One 8(4), e60442PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Lefevre G, Meyer A, Launay D, Machelart I, DeBandt M, Michaud J et al (2014) Seronegative polyarthritis revealing antisynthetase syndrome: a multicentre study of 40 patients. Rheumatology 27 Lefevre G, Meyer A, Launay D, Machelart I, DeBandt M, Michaud J et al (2014) Seronegative polyarthritis revealing antisynthetase syndrome: a multicentre study of 40 patients. Rheumatology 27
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato S, Hirakata M, Kuwana M, Suwa A, Inada S, Mimori T et al (2005) Autoantibodies to a 140-kd polypeptide, CADM-140, in Japanese patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 52(5):1571–1576PubMedCrossRef Sato S, Hirakata M, Kuwana M, Suwa A, Inada S, Mimori T et al (2005) Autoantibodies to a 140-kd polypeptide, CADM-140, in Japanese patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 52(5):1571–1576PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiorentino D, Chung L, Zwerner J, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L (2011) The mucocutaneous and systemic phenotype of dermatomyositis patients with antibodies to MDA5 (CADM-140): a retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 65(1):25–34PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fiorentino D, Chung L, Zwerner J, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L (2011) The mucocutaneous and systemic phenotype of dermatomyositis patients with antibodies to MDA5 (CADM-140): a retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 65(1):25–34PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Tansley SL, Betteridge ZE, Gunawardena H, Jacques TS, Owens CM, Pilkington C et al (2014) Anti-MDA5 autoantibodies in juvenile dermatomyositis identify a distinct clinical phenotype: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 16(4):R138PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tansley SL, Betteridge ZE, Gunawardena H, Jacques TS, Owens CM, Pilkington C et al (2014) Anti-MDA5 autoantibodies in juvenile dermatomyositis identify a distinct clinical phenotype: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 16(4):R138PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ceribelli A, Fredi M, Taraborelli M, Cavazzana I, Tincani A, Selmi C et al (2014) Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-MDA5 antibodies in European patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 32(6):891–897PubMed Ceribelli A, Fredi M, Taraborelli M, Cavazzana I, Tincani A, Selmi C et al (2014) Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-MDA5 antibodies in European patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 32(6):891–897PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Labrador-Horrillo M, Martinez MA, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Trallero-Araguas E, Balada E, Vilardell-Tarres M, Juárez C (2014) Anti-MDA5 antibodies in a large Mediterranean population of adults with dermatomyositis. Int J Immunol Res 2014:290797 Labrador-Horrillo M, Martinez MA, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Trallero-Araguas E, Balada E, Vilardell-Tarres M, Juárez C (2014) Anti-MDA5 antibodies in a large Mediterranean population of adults with dermatomyositis. Int J Immunol Res 2014:290797
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Gono T, Kawaguchi Y, Satoh T, Kuwana M, Katsumata Y, Takagi K et al (2010) Clinical manifestation and prognostic factor in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-associated interstitial lung disease as a complication of dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 49(9):1713–1719PubMedCrossRef Gono T, Kawaguchi Y, Satoh T, Kuwana M, Katsumata Y, Takagi K et al (2010) Clinical manifestation and prognostic factor in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-associated interstitial lung disease as a complication of dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 49(9):1713–1719PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Gono T, Sato S, Kawaguchi Y, Kuwana M, Hanaoka M, Katsumata Y et al (2012) Anti-MDA5 antibody, ferritin and IL-18 are useful for the evaluation of response to treatment in interstitial lung disease with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 51(9):1563–1567PubMedCrossRef Gono T, Sato S, Kawaguchi Y, Kuwana M, Hanaoka M, Katsumata Y et al (2012) Anti-MDA5 antibody, ferritin and IL-18 are useful for the evaluation of response to treatment in interstitial lung disease with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 51(9):1563–1567PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaisson NF, Paik J, Orbai AM, Casciola-Rosen L, Fiorentino D, Danoff S, Rosen A (2012) A novel dermato-pulmonary syndrome associated with MDA-5 antibodies: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 91(4):220–228CrossRef Chaisson NF, Paik J, Orbai AM, Casciola-Rosen L, Fiorentino D, Danoff S, Rosen A (2012) A novel dermato-pulmonary syndrome associated with MDA-5 antibodies: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 91(4):220–228CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Hall JC, Casciola-Rosen L, Samedy LA, Werner J, Owoyemi K, Danoff SK, Christopher-Stine L (2013) Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5-associated dermatomyositis: expanding the clinical spectrum. Arthritis Care Res 65(8):1307–1315CrossRef Hall JC, Casciola-Rosen L, Samedy LA, Werner J, Owoyemi K, Danoff SK, Christopher-Stine L (2013) Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5-associated dermatomyositis: expanding the clinical spectrum. Arthritis Care Res 65(8):1307–1315CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Kobayashi I, Okura Y, Yamada M, Kawamura N, Kuwana M, Ariga T (2011) Anti-melanoma differentiation -associated gene 5 antibody is a diagnostic and predictive marker for interstitial lung diseases associated with juvenile dermatomyositis. J Pediatr 158(4):675–677PubMedCrossRef Kobayashi I, Okura Y, Yamada M, Kawamura N, Kuwana M, Ariga T (2011) Anti-melanoma differentiation -associated gene 5 antibody is a diagnostic and predictive marker for interstitial lung diseases associated with juvenile dermatomyositis. J Pediatr 158(4):675–677PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Kobayashi N, Takezaki S, Kobayashi I, Iwata N, Mori M, Nagai K et al (2014) Clinical and laboratory features of fatal rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease associated with juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology Kobayashi N, Takezaki S, Kobayashi I, Iwata N, Mori M, Nagai K et al (2014) Clinical and laboratory features of fatal rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease associated with juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Aggarwal R, Lucas M, Fertig N, Oddis CV, Medsger TA Jr (2009) Anti-U3 RNP autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 60(4):1112–1118PubMedCrossRef Aggarwal R, Lucas M, Fertig N, Oddis CV, Medsger TA Jr (2009) Anti-U3 RNP autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 60(4):1112–1118PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Koschik RW 2nd, Fertig N, Lucas MR, Domsic RT, Medsger TA Jr (2012) Anti-PM-Scl antibody in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 30(2):S12–S16PubMed Koschik RW 2nd, Fertig N, Lucas MR, Domsic RT, Medsger TA Jr (2012) Anti-PM-Scl antibody in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 30(2):S12–S16PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Aoust J, Hudson M, Tatibouet S, Wick J, Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Mahler M, Baron M, Fritzler MJ (2014) Clinical and serologic correlates of anti-PM/Scl antibodies in systemic sclerosis: a multicenter study of 763 patients. Arthritis Rheum 66(6):1608–1615CrossRef D’Aoust J, Hudson M, Tatibouet S, Wick J, Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Mahler M, Baron M, Fritzler MJ (2014) Clinical and serologic correlates of anti-PM/Scl antibodies in systemic sclerosis: a multicenter study of 763 patients. Arthritis Rheum 66(6):1608–1615CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Lega JC, Cottin V, Fabien N, Thivolet-Béjui F, Cordier JF (2010) Interstitial lung disease associated with anti-PM/Scl or anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase autoantibodies: a similar condition? J Rheumatol 37(5):1000–1009PubMedCrossRef Lega JC, Cottin V, Fabien N, Thivolet-Béjui F, Cordier JF (2010) Interstitial lung disease associated with anti-PM/Scl or anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase autoantibodies: a similar condition? J Rheumatol 37(5):1000–1009PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanke K, Brückner CS, Dähnrich C, Huscher D, Komorowski L, Meyer W et al (2009) Antibodies against PM/Scl-75 and PM/Scl-100 are independent markers for different subsets of systemic sclerosis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 11(1):R22PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hanke K, Brückner CS, Dähnrich C, Huscher D, Komorowski L, Meyer W et al (2009) Antibodies against PM/Scl-75 and PM/Scl-100 are independent markers for different subsets of systemic sclerosis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 11(1):R22PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Guillen-Del Castillo A, Pilar Simeón-Aznar C, Fonollosa-Pla V, Alonso-Vila S, Reverte-Vinaixa MM, Muñoz X et al (2014) Good outcome of interstitial lung disease in patients with scleroderma associated to anti-PM/Scl antibody. Semin Arthritis Rheum 44(3):331–337PubMedCrossRef Guillen-Del Castillo A, Pilar Simeón-Aznar C, Fonollosa-Pla V, Alonso-Vila S, Reverte-Vinaixa MM, Muñoz X et al (2014) Good outcome of interstitial lung disease in patients with scleroderma associated to anti-PM/Scl antibody. Semin Arthritis Rheum 44(3):331–337PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnett FC, Reveille JD, Goldstein R, Pollard KM, Leaird K, Smith EA, Leroy EC, Fritzler MJ (1996) Autoantibodies to fibrillarin in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). An immunogenetic, serologic, and clinical analysis. Arthritis Rheum 39(7):1151–1160PubMedCrossRef Arnett FC, Reveille JD, Goldstein R, Pollard KM, Leaird K, Smith EA, Leroy EC, Fritzler MJ (1996) Autoantibodies to fibrillarin in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). An immunogenetic, serologic, and clinical analysis. Arthritis Rheum 39(7):1151–1160PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Tormey VJ, Bunn CC, Denton CP, Black CM (2001) Anti-fibrillarin antibodies in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology 40(10):1157–1162PubMedCrossRef Tormey VJ, Bunn CC, Denton CP, Black CM (2001) Anti-fibrillarin antibodies in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology 40(10):1157–1162PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaji K, Fertig N, Medsger TA Jr, Satoh T, Hoshino K, Hamaguchi Y et al (2014) Autoantibodies to RuvBL1 and RuvBL2: a novel systemic sclerosis-related antibody associated with diffuse cutaneous and skeletal muscle involvement. Arthritis Care Res 66(4):575–584CrossRef Kaji K, Fertig N, Medsger TA Jr, Satoh T, Hoshino K, Hamaguchi Y et al (2014) Autoantibodies to RuvBL1 and RuvBL2: a novel systemic sclerosis-related antibody associated with diffuse cutaneous and skeletal muscle involvement. Arthritis Care Res 66(4):575–584CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Olazagasti JM, Baez PJ, Wetter DA, Ernste FC (2015) Cancer risk in dermatomyositis: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Dermatol 16(2):89–98PubMedCrossRef Olazagasti JM, Baez PJ, Wetter DA, Ernste FC (2015) Cancer risk in dermatomyositis: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Dermatol 16(2):89–98PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Chinoy H, Fertig N, Oddis CV, Ollier WE, Cooper RG (2007) The diagnostic utility of myositis autoantibody testing for predicting the risk of cancer-associated myositis. Ann Rheum Dis 66(10):1345–1349PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chinoy H, Fertig N, Oddis CV, Ollier WE, Cooper RG (2007) The diagnostic utility of myositis autoantibody testing for predicting the risk of cancer-associated myositis. Ann Rheum Dis 66(10):1345–1349PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Targoff IN, Mamyrova G, Trieu EP, Perurena O, Koneru B, O’Hanlon TP, Miller FW, Rider LG, Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group; International Myositis Collaborative Study Group (2006) A novel autoantibody to a 155-kd protein is associated with dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 54(11):3682–3689PubMedCrossRef Targoff IN, Mamyrova G, Trieu EP, Perurena O, Koneru B, O’Hanlon TP, Miller FW, Rider LG, Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group; International Myositis Collaborative Study Group (2006) A novel autoantibody to a 155-kd protein is associated with dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 54(11):3682–3689PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaji K, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa M, Kondo M, Saito Y et al (2007) Identification of a novel autoantibody reactive with 155 and 140 kDa nuclear proteins in patients with dermatomyositis: an association with malignancy. Rheumatology 46(1):25–28PubMedCrossRef Kaji K, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa M, Kondo M, Saito Y et al (2007) Identification of a novel autoantibody reactive with 155 and 140 kDa nuclear proteins in patients with dermatomyositis: an association with malignancy. Rheumatology 46(1):25–28PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Trallero-Araguás E, Labrador-Horrillo M, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Martínez MA, Martínez-Gómez X, Palou E, Rodriguez-Sanchez JL, Vilardell-Tarrés M (2010) Cancer-associated myositis and anti-p155 autoantibody in a series of 85 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 89(1):47–52CrossRef Trallero-Araguás E, Labrador-Horrillo M, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Martínez MA, Martínez-Gómez X, Palou E, Rodriguez-Sanchez JL, Vilardell-Tarrés M (2010) Cancer-associated myositis and anti-p155 autoantibody in a series of 85 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 89(1):47–52CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujimoto M, Hamaguchi Y, Kaji K, Matsushita T, Ichimura Y, Kodera M et al (2012) Myositis-specific anti-155/140 autoantibodies target transcription intermediary factor 1 family proteins. Arthritis Rheum 64(2):513–522PubMedCrossRef Fujimoto M, Hamaguchi Y, Kaji K, Matsushita T, Ichimura Y, Kodera M et al (2012) Myositis-specific anti-155/140 autoantibodies target transcription intermediary factor 1 family proteins. Arthritis Rheum 64(2):513–522PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Trallero-Araguás E, Rodrigo-Pendás JÁ, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Martínez-Gómez X, Bosch X, Labrador-Horrillo M, Grau-Junyent JM, Vilardell-Tarrés M (2012) Usefulness of anti-p155 autoantibody for diagnosing cancer-associated dermatomyositis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum 64(2):523–532PubMedCrossRef Trallero-Araguás E, Rodrigo-Pendás JÁ, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Martínez-Gómez X, Bosch X, Labrador-Horrillo M, Grau-Junyent JM, Vilardell-Tarrés M (2012) Usefulness of anti-p155 autoantibody for diagnosing cancer-associated dermatomyositis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum 64(2):523–532PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Selva-O’Callaghan A, Trallero-Araguás E, Grau-Junyent JM, Labrador-Horrillo M (2010) Malignancy and myositis: novel autoantibodies and new insights. Curr Opin Rheumatol 22(6):627–632PubMedCrossRef Selva-O’Callaghan A, Trallero-Araguás E, Grau-Junyent JM, Labrador-Horrillo M (2010) Malignancy and myositis: novel autoantibodies and new insights. Curr Opin Rheumatol 22(6):627–632PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiorentino DF, Kuo K, Chung L, Zaba L, Li S, Casciola-Rosen L (2015) Distinctive cutaneous and systemic features associated with antitranscriptional intermediary factor-1γ antibodies in adults with dermatomyositis. J Am Acad Dermatol 72(3):449–455PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fiorentino DF, Kuo K, Chung L, Zaba L, Li S, Casciola-Rosen L (2015) Distinctive cutaneous and systemic features associated with antitranscriptional intermediary factor-1γ antibodies in adults with dermatomyositis. J Am Acad Dermatol 72(3):449–455PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiorentino DF, Chung LS, Christopher-Stine L, Zaba L, Li S, Mammen AL, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L (2013) Most patients with cancer-associated dermatomyositis have antibodies to nuclear matrix protein NXP-2 or transcription intermediary factor 1γ. Arthritis Rheum 65(11):2954–2962PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fiorentino DF, Chung LS, Christopher-Stine L, Zaba L, Li S, Mammen AL, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L (2013) Most patients with cancer-associated dermatomyositis have antibodies to nuclear matrix protein NXP-2 or transcription intermediary factor 1γ. Arthritis Rheum 65(11):2954–2962PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Ichimura Y, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Kaji K, Hasegawa M, Tanino Y et al (2012) Anti-NXP2 autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: possible association with malignancy. Ann Rheum Dis 71(5):710–713PubMedCrossRef Ichimura Y, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Kaji K, Hasegawa M, Tanino Y et al (2012) Anti-NXP2 autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: possible association with malignancy. Ann Rheum Dis 71(5):710–713PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Gunawardena H, Wedderburn LR, North J, Betteridge Z, Dunphy J, Chinoy H et al (2008) Clinical associations of autoantibodies to a p155/140 kDa doublet protein in juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 47(3):324–328PubMedCrossRef Gunawardena H, Wedderburn LR, North J, Betteridge Z, Dunphy J, Chinoy H et al (2008) Clinical associations of autoantibodies to a p155/140 kDa doublet protein in juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 47(3):324–328PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Bingham A, Mamyrova G, Rother KI, Oral E, Cochran E, Premkumar A et al (2008) Predictors of acquired lipodystrophy in juvenile-onset dermatomyositis and a gradient of severity. Medicine (Baltimore) 87(2):70–86CrossRef Bingham A, Mamyrova G, Rother KI, Oral E, Cochran E, Premkumar A et al (2008) Predictors of acquired lipodystrophy in juvenile-onset dermatomyositis and a gradient of severity. Medicine (Baltimore) 87(2):70–86CrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Espada G, Maldonado Cocco JA, Fertig N, Oddis CV (2009) Clinical and serologic characterization of an Argentine pediatric myositis cohort: identification of a novel autoantibody (anti-MJ) to a 142-kDa protein. J Rheumatol 36(11):2547–2551PubMedCrossRef Espada G, Maldonado Cocco JA, Fertig N, Oddis CV (2009) Clinical and serologic characterization of an Argentine pediatric myositis cohort: identification of a novel autoantibody (anti-MJ) to a 142-kDa protein. J Rheumatol 36(11):2547–2551PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Gunawardena H, Wedderburn LR, Chinoy H, Betteridge ZE, North J, Ollier WE et al (2009) Autoantibodies to a 140-kd protein in juvenile dermatomyositis are associated with calcinosis. Arthritis Rheum 60(6):1807–1814PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gunawardena H, Wedderburn LR, Chinoy H, Betteridge ZE, North J, Ollier WE et al (2009) Autoantibodies to a 140-kd protein in juvenile dermatomyositis are associated with calcinosis. Arthritis Rheum 60(6):1807–1814PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Tansley SL, Betteridge ZE, Shaddick G, Gunawardena H, Arnold K, Wedderburn LR, McHugh NJ, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (2014) Calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis is influenced by both anti-NXP2 autoantibody status and age at disease onset. Rheumatology 53(12):2204–2208PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tansley SL, Betteridge ZE, Shaddick G, Gunawardena H, Arnold K, Wedderburn LR, McHugh NJ, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (2014) Calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis is influenced by both anti-NXP2 autoantibody status and age at disease onset. Rheumatology 53(12):2204–2208PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Valenzuela A, Chung L, Casciola-Rosen L, Fiorentino D (2014) Identification of clinical features and autoantibodies associated with calcinosis in dermatomyositis. JAMA Dermatol 150(7):724–729PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Valenzuela A, Chung L, Casciola-Rosen L, Fiorentino D (2014) Identification of clinical features and autoantibodies associated with calcinosis in dermatomyositis. JAMA Dermatol 150(7):724–729PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ceribelli A, Fredi M, Taraborelli M, Cavazzana I, Franceschini F, Quinzanini M et al (2012) Anti-MJ/NXP-2 autoantibody specificity in a cohort of adult Italian patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 14(2):R97PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ceribelli A, Fredi M, Taraborelli M, Cavazzana I, Franceschini F, Quinzanini M et al (2012) Anti-MJ/NXP-2 autoantibody specificity in a cohort of adult Italian patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 14(2):R97PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Sugiura K, Muro Y, Akiyama M (2012) Autoantibodies to nuclear matrix protein 2/MJ in adult-onset dermatomyositis with severe calcinosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 67(4):e167–e168PubMedCrossRef Sugiura K, Muro Y, Akiyama M (2012) Autoantibodies to nuclear matrix protein 2/MJ in adult-onset dermatomyositis with severe calcinosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 67(4):e167–e168PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah AA, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A (2015) Review: cancer-induced autoimmunity in the rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 67(2):317–326CrossRef Shah AA, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A (2015) Review: cancer-induced autoimmunity in the rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 67(2):317–326CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Betteridge ZE, Gunawardena H, Chinoy H, North J, Ollier WE, Cooper RG, McHugh NJ, UK Adult Onset Myositis Immunogenetic Collaboration (2009) Clinical and human leucocyte antigen class II haplotype associations of autoantibodies to small ubiquitin-like modifier enzyme, a dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen target, in UK Caucasian adult-onset myositis. Ann Rheum Dis 68(10):1621–1625PubMedCrossRef Betteridge ZE, Gunawardena H, Chinoy H, North J, Ollier WE, Cooper RG, McHugh NJ, UK Adult Onset Myositis Immunogenetic Collaboration (2009) Clinical and human leucocyte antigen class II haplotype associations of autoantibodies to small ubiquitin-like modifier enzyme, a dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen target, in UK Caucasian adult-onset myositis. Ann Rheum Dis 68(10):1621–1625PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Tarricone E, Ghirardello A, Rampudda M, Bassi N, Punzi L, Doria A (2012) Anti-SAE antibodies in autoimmune myositis: identification by unlabelled protein immunoprecipitation in an Italian patient cohort. J Immunol Methods 384(1–2):128–134PubMedCrossRef Tarricone E, Ghirardello A, Rampudda M, Bassi N, Punzi L, Doria A (2012) Anti-SAE antibodies in autoimmune myositis: identification by unlabelled protein immunoprecipitation in an Italian patient cohort. J Immunol Methods 384(1–2):128–134PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Muro Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2013) Low prevalence of anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme antibodies in dermatomyositis patients. Autoimmunity 46(4):279–284PubMedCrossRef Muro Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2013) Low prevalence of anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme antibodies in dermatomyositis patients. Autoimmunity 46(4):279–284PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Bodoki L, Nagy-Vincze M, Griger Z, Betteridge Z, Szöllősi L, Dankó K (2014) Four dermatomyositis-specific autoantibodies-anti-TIF1γ, anti-NXP2, anti-SAE and anti-MDA5-in adult and juvenile patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in a Hungarian cohort. Autoimmun Rev 13(12):1211–1219PubMedCrossRef Bodoki L, Nagy-Vincze M, Griger Z, Betteridge Z, Szöllősi L, Dankó K (2014) Four dermatomyositis-specific autoantibodies-anti-TIF1γ, anti-NXP2, anti-SAE and anti-MDA5-in adult and juvenile patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in a Hungarian cohort. Autoimmun Rev 13(12):1211–1219PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujimoto M, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Kaji K, Asano Y, Ogawa F et al (2013) Autoantibodies to small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzymes in Japanese patients with dermatomyositis: comparison with a UK Caucasian cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 72(1):151–153PubMedCrossRef Fujimoto M, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Kaji K, Asano Y, Ogawa F et al (2013) Autoantibodies to small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzymes in Japanese patients with dermatomyositis: comparison with a UK Caucasian cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 72(1):151–153PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Targoff IN, Reichlin M (1985) The association between Mi-2 antibodies and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 28(7):796–803PubMedCrossRef Targoff IN, Reichlin M (1985) The association between Mi-2 antibodies and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 28(7):796–803PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Okada S, Weatherhead E, Targoff IN, Wesley R, Miller FW, International Myositis Collaborative Study Group (2003) Global surface ultraviolet radiation intensity may modulate the clinical and immunologic expression of autoimmune muscle disease. Arthritis Rheum 48(8):2285–2293PubMedCrossRef Okada S, Weatherhead E, Targoff IN, Wesley R, Miller FW, International Myositis Collaborative Study Group (2003) Global surface ultraviolet radiation intensity may modulate the clinical and immunologic expression of autoimmune muscle disease. Arthritis Rheum 48(8):2285–2293PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Love LA, Weinberg CR, McConnaughey DR, Oddis CV, Medsger TA Jr, Reveille JD, Arnett FC, Targoff IN, Miller FW (2009) Ultraviolet radiation intensity predicts the relative distribution of dermatomyositis and anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies in women. Arthritis Rheum 60(8):2499–2504PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Love LA, Weinberg CR, McConnaughey DR, Oddis CV, Medsger TA Jr, Reveille JD, Arnett FC, Targoff IN, Miller FW (2009) Ultraviolet radiation intensity predicts the relative distribution of dermatomyositis and anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies in women. Arthritis Rheum 60(8):2499–2504PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Petri MH, Satoh M, Martin-Marquez BT, Vargas-Ramírez R, Jara LJ, Saavedra MA et al (2013) Implications in the difference of anti-Mi-2 and -p155/140 autoantibody prevalence in two dermatomyositis cohorts from Mexico City and Guadalajara. Arthritis Res Ther 4;15(2):R48CrossRef Petri MH, Satoh M, Martin-Marquez BT, Vargas-Ramírez R, Jara LJ, Saavedra MA et al (2013) Implications in the difference of anti-Mi-2 and -p155/140 autoantibody prevalence in two dermatomyositis cohorts from Mexico City and Guadalajara. Arthritis Res Ther 4;15(2):R48CrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Rider LG, Shah M, Mamyrova G, Huber AM, Rice MM, Targoff IN, Miller FW, Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Study Group (2013) The myositis autoantibody phenotypes of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Medicine (Baltimore) 92(4):223–243CrossRef Rider LG, Shah M, Mamyrova G, Huber AM, Rice MM, Targoff IN, Miller FW, Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Study Group (2013) The myositis autoantibody phenotypes of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Medicine (Baltimore) 92(4):223–243CrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown DA, Simoni RD (1984) Biogenesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, an integral glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81(6):1674–1678PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Brown DA, Simoni RD (1984) Biogenesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, an integral glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81(6):1674–1678PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Olender EH, Simon RD (1992) The intracellular targeting and membrane topology of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. J Biol Chem 25;267(6):4223–4235 Olender EH, Simon RD (1992) The intracellular targeting and membrane topology of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. J Biol Chem 25;267(6):4223–4235
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Hengstman GJ, ter Laak HJ, Vree Egberts WT, Lundberg IE, Moutsopoulos HM, Vencovsky J et al (2006) Anti-signal recognition particle autoantibodies: marker of a necrotising myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis 65(12):1635–1638PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hengstman GJ, ter Laak HJ, Vree Egberts WT, Lundberg IE, Moutsopoulos HM, Vencovsky J et al (2006) Anti-signal recognition particle autoantibodies: marker of a necrotising myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis 65(12):1635–1638PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Targoff IN, Johnson AE, Miller FW (1990) Antibody to signal recognition particle in polymyositis (1990). Arthritis Rheum 33(9):1361–1370PubMedCrossRef Targoff IN, Johnson AE, Miller FW (1990) Antibody to signal recognition particle in polymyositis (1990). Arthritis Rheum 33(9):1361–1370PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Hengstman GJ, Brouwer R, Egberts WT, Seelig HP, Jongen PJ, van Venrooij WJ, van Engelen BG (2002) Clinical and serological characteristics of 125 Dutch myositis patients. Myositis specific autoantibodies aid in the differential diagnosis of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Neurol 249(1):69–75PubMedCrossRef Hengstman GJ, Brouwer R, Egberts WT, Seelig HP, Jongen PJ, van Venrooij WJ, van Engelen BG (2002) Clinical and serological characteristics of 125 Dutch myositis patients. Myositis specific autoantibodies aid in the differential diagnosis of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Neurol 249(1):69–75PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Basnayake SK, Blumbergs P, Tan JA, Roberts-Thompson PJ, Limaye V (2015) Inflammatory myopathy with anti-SRP antibodies: case series of a South Australian cohort. Clin Rheumatol 34(3):603–608PubMedCrossRef Basnayake SK, Blumbergs P, Tan JA, Roberts-Thompson PJ, Limaye V (2015) Inflammatory myopathy with anti-SRP antibodies: case series of a South Australian cohort. Clin Rheumatol 34(3):603–608PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller T, Al-Lozi MT, Lopate G, Pestronk A (2002) Myopathy with antibodies to the signal recognition particle: clinical and pathological features. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73(4):420–428PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Miller T, Al-Lozi MT, Lopate G, Pestronk A (2002) Myopathy with antibodies to the signal recognition particle: clinical and pathological features. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73(4):420–428PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki S, Hayashi YK, KuwanaM TR, Suzuki N, Nishino I (2012) Myopathy associated with antibodies to signal recognition particle: disease progression and neurological outcome. Arch Neurol 69(6):728–732PubMedCrossRef Suzuki S, Hayashi YK, KuwanaM TR, Suzuki N, Nishino I (2012) Myopathy associated with antibodies to signal recognition particle: disease progression and neurological outcome. Arch Neurol 69(6):728–732PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Pasternak RC, Smith SC Jr, Bairey-Merz CN, Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Lenfant C, American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2002) ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins. J Am Coll Cardiol 40(3):567–572PubMedCrossRef Pasternak RC, Smith SC Jr, Bairey-Merz CN, Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Lenfant C, American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2002) ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins. J Am Coll Cardiol 40(3):567–572PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Christopher-Stine L, Casciola-Rosen LA, Hong G, Chung T, Corse AM, Mammen AL (2010) A novel autoantibody recognizing 200-kd and 100-kd proteins is associated with an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 62(9):2757–2766PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Christopher-Stine L, Casciola-Rosen LA, Hong G, Chung T, Corse AM, Mammen AL (2010) A novel autoantibody recognizing 200-kd and 100-kd proteins is associated with an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 62(9):2757–2766PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Mammen AL, Gaudet D, Brisson D, Christopher-Stine L, Lloyd TE, Leffell MS, Zachary AA (2012) Increased frequency of DRB1*11:01 in anti-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Care Res 64(8):1233–1237 Mammen AL, Gaudet D, Brisson D, Christopher-Stine L, Lloyd TE, Leffell MS, Zachary AA (2012) Increased frequency of DRB1*11:01 in anti-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Care Res 64(8):1233–1237
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Limaye V, Bundell C, Hollingsworth P, Rojana-Udomsart A, Mastaglia F, Blumbergs P, Lester S (2014) Clinical and genetic associations of autoantibodies to 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme a reductase in patients with immune-mediated myositis and necrotizing myopathy. Muscle Nerve. doi:10.1002/mus.24541 Limaye V, Bundell C, Hollingsworth P, Rojana-Udomsart A, Mastaglia F, Blumbergs P, Lester S (2014) Clinical and genetic associations of autoantibodies to 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme a reductase in patients with immune-mediated myositis and necrotizing myopathy. Muscle Nerve. doi:10.​1002/​mus.​24541
97.
Zurück zum Zitat SEARCH Collaborative Group, Link E, Parish S, Armitage J, Bowman L, Heath S, Matsuda F, Gut I, Lathrop M, Collins R (2008) SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy--a genomewide study. N Engl J Med 21;359(8):789–799 SEARCH Collaborative Group, Link E, Parish S, Armitage J, Bowman L, Heath S, Matsuda F, Gut I, Lathrop M, Collins R (2008) SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy--a genomewide study. N Engl J Med 21;359(8):789–799
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Grable-Esposito P, Katzberg HD, Greenberg SA, Srinivasan J, Katz J, Amato AA (2010) Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statins. Muscle Nerve 41(2):185–190PubMed Grable-Esposito P, Katzberg HD, Greenberg SA, Srinivasan J, Katz J, Amato AA (2010) Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statins. Muscle Nerve 41(2):185–190PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Werner JL, Christopher-Stine L, Ghazarian SR, Pak KS, Kus JE, Daya NR, Lloyd TE, Mammen AL (2012) Antibody levels correlate with creatine kinase levels and strength in anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 64(12):4087–4093PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Werner JL, Christopher-Stine L, Ghazarian SR, Pak KS, Kus JE, Daya NR, Lloyd TE, Mammen AL (2012) Antibody levels correlate with creatine kinase levels and strength in anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 64(12):4087–4093PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Stone KB, Oddis CV, Fertig N, Katsumata Y, Lucas M, Vogt M, Domsic R, Ascherman DP (2007) Anti-Jo-1 antibody levels correlate with disease activity in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 56(9):3125–3131PubMedCrossRef Stone KB, Oddis CV, Fertig N, Katsumata Y, Lucas M, Vogt M, Domsic R, Ascherman DP (2007) Anti-Jo-1 antibody levels correlate with disease activity in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 56(9):3125–3131PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato S, Kuwana M, Fujita T, Suzuki Y (2013) Anti-CADM-140/MDA5 autoantibody titer correlates with disease activity and predicts disease outcome in patients with dermatomyositis and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Mod Rheumatol 23(3):496–502PubMedCrossRef Sato S, Kuwana M, Fujita T, Suzuki Y (2013) Anti-CADM-140/MDA5 autoantibody titer correlates with disease activity and predicts disease outcome in patients with dermatomyositis and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Mod Rheumatol 23(3):496–502PubMedCrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Muro Y, Sugiura K, Hoshino K, Akiyama M (2012) Disappearance of anti-MDA-5 autoantibodies in clinically amyopathic DM/interstitial lung disease during disease remission. Rheumatology 51:800–804PubMedCrossRef Muro Y, Sugiura K, Hoshino K, Akiyama M (2012) Disappearance of anti-MDA-5 autoantibodies in clinically amyopathic DM/interstitial lung disease during disease remission. Rheumatology 51:800–804PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Aggarwal R, Cassidy E, Fertig N, Koontz DC, Lucas M, Ascherman DP, Oddis CV (2014) Patients with non-Jo-1 anti-tRNA-synthetase autoantibodies have worse survival than Jo-1 positive patients. Ann Rheum Dis 73(1):227–232PubMedCrossRef Aggarwal R, Cassidy E, Fertig N, Koontz DC, Lucas M, Ascherman DP, Oddis CV (2014) Patients with non-Jo-1 anti-tRNA-synthetase autoantibodies have worse survival than Jo-1 positive patients. Ann Rheum Dis 73(1):227–232PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakashima R, Imura Y, Kobayashi S, Yukawa N, Yoshifuji H, Nojima T et al (2010) The RIG-I-like receptor IFIH1/MDA5 is a dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen identified by the anti-CADM-140 antibody. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49(3):433–440CrossRef Nakashima R, Imura Y, Kobayashi S, Yukawa N, Yoshifuji H, Nojima T et al (2010) The RIG-I-like receptor IFIH1/MDA5 is a dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen identified by the anti-CADM-140 antibody. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49(3):433–440CrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Gordon PA, Winer JB, Hoogendijk JE, Choy EH (2012) Immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory treatment for dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 15(8):CD003643 Gordon PA, Winer JB, Hoogendijk JE, Choy EH (2012) Immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory treatment for dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 15(8):CD003643
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamasaki Y, Yamada H, Yamasaki M, Ohkubo M, Azuma K, Matsuoka S et al (2007) Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for progressive interstitial pneumonia in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 46(1):124–130PubMedCrossRef Yamasaki Y, Yamada H, Yamasaki M, Ohkubo M, Azuma K, Matsuoka S et al (2007) Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for progressive interstitial pneumonia in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 46(1):124–130PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Morganroth PA, Kreider ME, Werth VP (2010) Mycophenolate mofetil for interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis. Arthritis Care Res 62(10):1496–1501CrossRef Morganroth PA, Kreider ME, Werth VP (2010) Mycophenolate mofetil for interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis. Arthritis Care Res 62(10):1496–1501CrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer A, Brown KK, Du Bois RM, Frankel SK, Cosgrove GP, Fernandez-Perez ER et al (2013) Mycophenolate mofetil improves lung function in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease. J Rheumatol 40(5):640–646PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fischer A, Brown KK, Du Bois RM, Frankel SK, Cosgrove GP, Fernandez-Perez ER et al (2013) Mycophenolate mofetil improves lung function in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease. J Rheumatol 40(5):640–646PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilkes MR, Sereika SM, Fertig N, Lucas MR, Oddis CV (2005) Treatment of antisynthetase-associated interstitial lung disease with tacrolimus. Arthritis Rheum 52(8):2439–2446PubMedCrossRef Wilkes MR, Sereika SM, Fertig N, Lucas MR, Oddis CV (2005) Treatment of antisynthetase-associated interstitial lung disease with tacrolimus. Arthritis Rheum 52(8):2439–2446PubMedCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Labirua-Iturburu A, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Martínez-Gómez X, Trallero-Araguás E, Labrador-Horrillo M, Vilardell-Tarrés M (2013) Calcineurin inhibitors in a cohort of patients with antisynthetase-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 31(3):436–439PubMed Labirua-Iturburu A, Selva-O’Callaghan A, Martínez-Gómez X, Trallero-Araguás E, Labrador-Horrillo M, Vilardell-Tarrés M (2013) Calcineurin inhibitors in a cohort of patients with antisynthetase-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 31(3):436–439PubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Cavagna L, Caporali R, Abdì-Alì L, Dore R, Meloni F, Montecucco C (2013) Cyclosporine in anti-Jo1-positive patients with corticosteroid-refractory interstitial lung disease. J Rheumatol 40(4):484–492PubMedCrossRef Cavagna L, Caporali R, Abdì-Alì L, Dore R, Meloni F, Montecucco C (2013) Cyclosporine in anti-Jo1-positive patients with corticosteroid-refractory interstitial lung disease. J Rheumatol 40(4):484–492PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurita T, Yasuda S, Amengual O, Atsumi T (2015) The efficacy of calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of interstitial lung disease associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Lupus 24(1):3–9PubMedCrossRef Kurita T, Yasuda S, Amengual O, Atsumi T (2015) The efficacy of calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of interstitial lung disease associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Lupus 24(1):3–9PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Muro Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2013) Limitations of a single-point evaluation of anti-MDA5 antibody, ferritin, and IL-18 in predicting the prognosis of interstitial lung disease with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Clin Rheumatol 32(3):395–398PubMedCrossRef Muro Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M (2013) Limitations of a single-point evaluation of anti-MDA5 antibody, ferritin, and IL-18 in predicting the prognosis of interstitial lung disease with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Clin Rheumatol 32(3):395–398PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka F, Origuchi T, Migita K, Tominaga M, Kawakami A, Kawabe Y, Eguchi K (2000) Successful combined therapy of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine for acute exacerbated interstitial pneumonia associated with dermatomyositis. Intern Med 39(5):428–430PubMedCrossRef Tanaka F, Origuchi T, Migita K, Tominaga M, Kawakami A, Kawabe Y, Eguchi K (2000) Successful combined therapy of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine for acute exacerbated interstitial pneumonia associated with dermatomyositis. Intern Med 39(5):428–430PubMedCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Kameda H, Nagasawa H, Ogawa H, Sekiguchi N, Takei H, Tokuhira M, Amano K, Takeuchi T (2005) Combination therapy with corticosteroids, cyclosporin A, and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide for acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia in patients with dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 32(9):1719–1726PubMed Kameda H, Nagasawa H, Ogawa H, Sekiguchi N, Takei H, Tokuhira M, Amano K, Takeuchi T (2005) Combination therapy with corticosteroids, cyclosporin A, and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide for acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia in patients with dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 32(9):1719–1726PubMed
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Levine TD (2005) Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: an open-label pilot study. Arthritis Rheum 52(2):601–607PubMedCrossRef Levine TD (2005) Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: an open-label pilot study. Arthritis Rheum 52(2):601–607PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Valiyil R, Casciola-Rosen L, Hong G, Mammen A, Christopher-Stine L (2010) Rituximab therapy for myopathy associated with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: a case series. Arthritis Care Res 62(9):1328–1334CrossRef Valiyil R, Casciola-Rosen L, Hong G, Mammen A, Christopher-Stine L (2010) Rituximab therapy for myopathy associated with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: a case series. Arthritis Care Res 62(9):1328–1334CrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Couderc M, Gottenberg JE, Mariette X, Hachulla E, Sibilia J, Fain O et al (2011) Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of refractory inflammatory myopathies in adults: results from the AIR registry. Rheumatology 50(12):2283–2289PubMedCrossRef Couderc M, Gottenberg JE, Mariette X, Hachulla E, Sibilia J, Fain O et al (2011) Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of refractory inflammatory myopathies in adults: results from the AIR registry. Rheumatology 50(12):2283–2289PubMedCrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Bader-Meunier B, Decaluwe H, Barnerias C, Gherardi R, Quartier P, Faye A et al (2011) Safety and efficacy of rituximab in severe juvenile dermatomyositis: results from 9 patients from the French Autoimmunity and Rituximab registry. J Rheumatol 38(7):1436–1440PubMedCrossRef Bader-Meunier B, Decaluwe H, Barnerias C, Gherardi R, Quartier P, Faye A et al (2011) Safety and efficacy of rituximab in severe juvenile dermatomyositis: results from 9 patients from the French Autoimmunity and Rituximab registry. J Rheumatol 38(7):1436–1440PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahler EA, Blom M, Voermans NC, van Engelen BG, van Riel PL, Vonk MC (2011) Rituximab treatment in patients with refractory inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology 50(12):2206–2213PubMedCrossRef Mahler EA, Blom M, Voermans NC, van Engelen BG, van Riel PL, Vonk MC (2011) Rituximab treatment in patients with refractory inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology 50(12):2206–2213PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Oddis CV, Reed AM, Aggarwal R, Rider LG, Ascherman DP, Levesque MC et al (2013) Rituximab in the treatment of refractory adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and adult polymyositis: a randomized, placebo-phase trial. Arthritis Rheum 65(2):314–324PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Oddis CV, Reed AM, Aggarwal R, Rider LG, Ascherman DP, Levesque MC et al (2013) Rituximab in the treatment of refractory adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and adult polymyositis: a randomized, placebo-phase trial. Arthritis Rheum 65(2):314–324PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Aggarwal R, Bandos A, Reed AM, Ascherman DP, Barohn RJ, Feldman BM (2014) Predictors of clinical improvement in rituximab-treated refractory adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and adult polymyositis. Arthritis Rheum 66(3):740–749CrossRef Aggarwal R, Bandos A, Reed AM, Ascherman DP, Barohn RJ, Feldman BM (2014) Predictors of clinical improvement in rituximab-treated refractory adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and adult polymyositis. Arthritis Rheum 66(3):740–749CrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Marie I, Dominique S, Janvresse A, Levesque H, Menard JF (2012) Rituximab therapy for refractory interstitial lung disease related to antisynthetase syndrome. Respir Med 106(4):581–587PubMedCrossRef Marie I, Dominique S, Janvresse A, Levesque H, Menard JF (2012) Rituximab therapy for refractory interstitial lung disease related to antisynthetase syndrome. Respir Med 106(4):581–587PubMedCrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Clottu A, Laffitte E, Prins C, Chizzolini C (2012) Response of mucocutaneous lesions to rituximab in a case of melanoma differentiation antigen 5-related dermatomyositis. Dermatology 225(4):376–380PubMedCrossRef Clottu A, Laffitte E, Prins C, Chizzolini C (2012) Response of mucocutaneous lesions to rituximab in a case of melanoma differentiation antigen 5-related dermatomyositis. Dermatology 225(4):376–380PubMedCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Nalotto L, Iaccarino L, Zen M, Gatto M, Borella E, Domenighetti M, Punzi L, Doria A (2013) Rituximab in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and antisynthetase syndrome: personal experience and review of the literature. Immunol Res 56(2–3):362–370PubMedCrossRef Nalotto L, Iaccarino L, Zen M, Gatto M, Borella E, Domenighetti M, Punzi L, Doria A (2013) Rituximab in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and antisynthetase syndrome: personal experience and review of the literature. Immunol Res 56(2–3):362–370PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Muñoz-Beamud F, Isenberg DA (2014) Rituximab as an effective alternative therapy in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Clin Exp Rheumatol 31(6):896–903 Muñoz-Beamud F, Isenberg DA (2014) Rituximab as an effective alternative therapy in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Clin Exp Rheumatol 31(6):896–903
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Unger L, Kampf S, Lüthke K, Aringer M (2014) Rituximab therapy in patients with refractory dermatomyositis or polymyositis: differential effects in a real-life population. Rheumatology 53(9):1630–1638PubMedCrossRef Unger L, Kampf S, Lüthke K, Aringer M (2014) Rituximab therapy in patients with refractory dermatomyositis or polymyositis: differential effects in a real-life population. Rheumatology 53(9):1630–1638PubMedCrossRef
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Andersson H, Sem M, Lund MB, Aaløkken TM, Günther A, Walle-Hansen R, Garen T (2015) Long-term experience with rituximab in anti-synthetase syndrome-related interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology Andersson H, Sem M, Lund MB, Aaløkken TM, Günther A, Walle-Hansen R, Garen T (2015) Long-term experience with rituximab in anti-synthetase syndrome-related interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Koichi Y, Aya Y, Megumi U, Shunichi K, Masafumi S, Hiroaki M et al (2015) A case of anti-MDA5-positive rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in a patient with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis ameliorated by rituximab, in addition to standard immunosuppressive treatment. Mod Rheumatol 12:1–5CrossRef Koichi Y, Aya Y, Megumi U, Shunichi K, Masafumi S, Hiroaki M et al (2015) A case of anti-MDA5-positive rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in a patient with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis ameliorated by rituximab, in addition to standard immunosuppressive treatment. Mod Rheumatol 12:1–5CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The Clinical Features of Myositis-Associated Autoantibodies: a Review
verfasst von
Harsha Gunawardena
Publikationsdatum
09.10.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology / Ausgabe 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1080-0549
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0267
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-015-8513-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2017

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 1/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Update HNO

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.