Background
Methods
Results
Maternal Age Groups |
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Maternal characteristics | < 35 years (a) (n = 471) | 35–39 years (b) (n = 399) | ≥40 years (c) (n = 87) | a vs. b | a vs. c | b vs. c |
Age (year)a | 27.6 ± 4.2 | 36.6 ± 1.4 | 41.71 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.035 |
Gravidityb | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–3.0) | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | 0.865 | 0.759 | 0.980 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)a | 28.7 ± 4.1 | 29.9 ± 5.8 | 30.1 ± 4.6 | 0.450 | 0.375 | 0.681 |
Consanguinity between spouses (first or second degree)c | 26 (5.5) | 19 (4.7) | 3 (3.4) | 0.284 | 0.120 | 0.330 |
Underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis procedurec | 24 (5.1) | 26 (6.5) | 23 (26.4) | 0.530 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Educational statusc | 0.101 | 0.085 | 0.253 | |||
Primary school | 12 (2.5) | 19 (4.7) | 6 (6.9) | |||
High school | 81 (17.2) | 76 (19.1) | 17 (19.5) | |||
Graduated or higher | 378 (80.3) | 304 (76.2) | 77 (88.5) |
Maternal Age Groups |
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Perinatal Outcomes | Total | < 35 years (a) (n = 471) | 35–39 years (b) (n = 399) | ≥40 years (c) (n = 87) | a vs.b | a vs. c | b vs. c |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 101 | 27 (5.7) | 57 (14.3) | 15 (17.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.041 |
Gestational hypertension | 58 | 20 (4.2) | 29 (7.2) | 8 (9.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.035 |
Pre-eclampsia | 62 | 22 (4.6) | 31 (7.7) | 8 (9.2) | 0.033 | < 0.001 | 0.457 |
Ablatio placenta | 7 | 2 (0.4) | 4 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0.073 | 0.051 | 0.865 |
Spontaneous preterm delivery before 34 weeks | 83 | 39 (8.2) | 36 (9.0) | 7 (8.0) | 0.469 | 0.754 | 0.601 |
Spontaneous late preterm delivery between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation | 71 | 34 (7.2) | 28 (7.0) | 9 (10.3) | 0.342 | 0.044 | 0.038 |
Prolonged rupture of membranes | 41 | 21 (4.5) | 16 (4.0) | 4 (4.6) | 0.780 | 0.913 | 0.612 |
Small for gestational age | 80 | 21 (4.5) | 48 (12.0) | 11 (11.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.560 |
Large for gestational age | 21 | 7 (1.5) | 12 (3.0) | 2 (2.3) | 0.072 | 0.134 | 0.411 |
Placenta previa | 24 | 13 (2.8) | 9 (2.2) | 2 (2.3) | 0.613 | 0.218 | 0.891 |
Post-term pregnancy | 66 | 41 (8.7) | 21 (5.3) | 4 (4.6) | 0.021 | < 0.001 | 0.139 |
Operative vaginal delivery | 16 | 9 (1.9) | 6 (1.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0.451 | 0.112 | 0.207 |
Cesarean delivery | 396 | 175 (37.1) | 167 (41.8) | 44 (50.5) | 0.029 | < 0.001 | 0.040 |
Maternal Age Groups |
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Neonatal Outcomes | Total | < 35 years (a) (n = 471) | 35–39 years (b) (n = 399) | ≥40 years (c) (n = 87) | a vs.b | a vs. c | b vs. c |
Low birthweight < 2500 g | 110 | 54 (11.4) | 46 (11.5) | 10 (11.4) | 0.980 | 0.999 | 0.987 |
First minute APGAR score < 7 | 194 | 91 (19.3) | 83 (20.8) | 18 (20.7) | 0.793 | 0.788 | 0.960 |
Fifth minute APGAR score < 7 | 42 | 22 (4.6) | 17 (4.2) | 3 (3.4) | 0.810 | 0.209 | 0.311 |
Neonatal intensive care unit requirement | 185 | 77 (16.3) | 89 (22.3) | 17 (19.5) | 0.019 | 0.041 | 0.027 |
Neonatal morbidity | 66 | 32 (6.8) | 27 (6.7) | 6 (6.8) | 0.955 | 0.989 | 0.881 |
Maternal Age Groups | ||||
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Perinatal Outcomes | 35–39 years | ≥40 years | ||
Crude OR (95% CI)b | Adjusted ORa (95% CI)b | Crude OR (95% CI)b | Adjusted ORa (95% CI)b | |
Gestational diabetes | 1.15 (1.01–1.27) p < 0.15 | 1.21 (0.82–1.27) p < 0.01 | 2.41 (2.13–3.76) p < 0.15 | 2.23 (0.25–3.96) p < 0.01 |
Gestational hypertension | 1.57 (1.16–2.07) p < 0.15 | 1.55 (1.32–1.78) p < 0.01 | 1.70 (1.12–2.63) p < 0.15 | 1.68 (0.69–4.16) p < 0.01 |
Pre-eclampsia | 1.26 (1.15–1.39) p < 0.15 | 1.34 (1.11–1.62) p < 0.01 | 1.44 (1.21–1.67) p < 0.15 | 1.37 (1.13–1.48) p < 0.01 |
Ablatio placenta | 1.00 (0.63–1.57) p = 0.99 | 1.00 (0.42–1.68) p = 1.00 | 1.00 (0.39–2.64) p = 1.00 | 1.03 (0.91–1.12) p = 0.88 |
Spontaneous preterm delivery before 34 weeks | 0.86 (0.68–0.98) p < 0.15 | 0.90 (0.75–1.16) p = 0.03 | 1.35 (0.95–1.91) p < 0.15 | 1.33 (1.21–1.49) p = 0.24 |
Spontaneous late preterm delivery between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation | 0.61 (0.29–1.32) p = 0.20 | 0.82 (0.72–1.08) p = 0.35 | 1.22 (1.10–1.64) p < 0.15 | 1.41 (1.29–1.57) p < 0.01 |
Prolonged rupture of Membranes | 0.87 (0.85–0.91) p = 0.78 | 0.91 (0.71–1.15) p = 0.81 | 0.83 (0.72–0.95) p = 0.94 | 1.05 (0.72–1.08) p = 0.98 |
SGA (<10th centile)b | 1.71 (1.44–2.49) p < 0.15 | 1.65 (0.71–3.05) p < 0.01 | 1.63 (1.38–2.11) p < 0.15 | 1.55 (1.41–1.88) p < 0.01 |
LGA (>90th centile)b | 1.10 (0.93–1.32) p = 0.27 | 1.12 (0.81–1.52) p = 0.35 | 0.68 (0.34–1.37) p = 0.27 | 0.54 (0.50–0.64) p = 0.11 |
Placenta previa | 1.00 (0.84–1.23) p = 0.95 | 1.05 (0.81–1.15) p = 0.88 | 0.78 (0.66–0.98) p = 0.15 | 1.03 (0.76–1.34) p = 0.25 |
Post-term pregnancy | 1.05 (0.75–1.54) p = 0.61 | 1.02 (0.74–1.67) p = 0.77 | 0.68 (0.45–1.03) p = 0.21 | 0.54 (0.41–0.67) p = 0.18 |
Operative vaginal delivery | 0.72 (0.46–1.18) p = 0.19 | 0.68 (0.51–0.88) p = 0.34 | 0.81 (0.72–0.96) p = 0.15 | 0.73 (0.56–0.94) p = 0.33 |
Cesarean delivery | 1.75 (1.61–1.95) p < 0.15 | 1.87 (1.44–2.25) p < 0.01 | 2.67 (1.90–3.82) p < 0.15 | 2.76 (1.70–4.65) p < 0.01 |
Low birth weight < 2500 g | 1.23 (1.08–1.41) p < 0.15 | 1.27 (1.14–1.59) p < 0.01 | 1.20 (0.84–1.23) p < 0.15 | 1.19 (1.09–1.35) p < 0.01 |
First minute APGAR score < 7 | 1.14 (0.91–1.49) p < 0.15 | 1.10 (0.73–1.56) p = 0.08 | 1.27 (0.95–1.71) p < 0.15 | 1.26 (1.01–1.55) p = 0.04 |
Fifth minute APGAR score < 7 | 0.94 (0.71–1.30) p = 0.74 | 1.00 (0.99–1.05) p = 0.96 | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) p < 0.15 | 1.05 (1.00–1.08) p = 0.04 |
Neonatal intensive care unit requirement | 1.69 (1.02–2.76) p < 0.15 | 1.68 (1.42–2.15) p < 0.01 | 1.54 (1.13–2.12) p < 0.15 | 1.52 (1.21–1.92) p < 0.01 |
Neonatal morbidity | 0.93 (0.27–3.10) p = 0.93 | 0.86 (0.70–1.09) p = 0.25 | 1.12 (0.82–1.55) p = 0.48 | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) p = 0.23 |