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European Spine Journal

Erschienen in:

28.08.2018 | Original Article

The effect of muscle ageing and sarcopenia on spinal segmental loads

verfasst von: Dominika Ignasiak, Waldo Valenzuela, Mauricio Reyes, Stephen J. Ferguson

Erschienen in: European Spine Journal | Ausgabe 10/2018

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Abstract

Purpose

The interrelations between age-related muscle deterioration (sarcopenia) and vertebral fractures have been suggested based on clinical observations, but the biomechanical relationships have not been explored. The study aim was to investigate the effects of muscle ageing and sarcopenia on muscle recruitment patterns and spinal loads, using musculoskeletal multi-body modelling.

Methods

A generic AnyBody model of the thoracolumbar spine, including > 600 fascicles representing trunk musculature, was used. Several stages of normal ageing and sarcopenia were modelled by reduced strength of erector spinae and multifidus muscles (ageing from 3rd to 6th life decade: ≥ 60% of normal strength; sarcopenia: mild 60%, moderate 48%, severe 36%, very severe 24%), reflecting the reported decrease in cross-sectional area and increased fat infiltration. All other model parameters were kept unchanged. Full-range flexion was simulated using inverse dynamics with muscle optimization to predict spinal loads and muscle recruitment patterns.

Results

The muscle changes due to normal ageing (≥ 60% strength) had a minor effect on predicted loads and provoked only slightly elevated muscle activities. Severe (36%) and very severe (24%) stages of sarcopenia, however, were associated with substantial increases in compression (by up to 36% or 318N) at the levels of the upper thoracic spine (T1T2–T5T6) and shear loading (by up to 75% or 176N) along the whole spine (T1T2–L4L5). The muscle activities increased for almost all muscles, up to 100% of their available strength.

Conclusions

The study highlights the distinct and detrimental consequences of sarcopenia, in contrast to normal ageing, on spinal loading and required muscular effort.

Graphical abstract

These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

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Titel: The effect of muscle ageing and sarcopenia on spinal segmental loads
verfasst von: Dominika Ignasiak
Waldo Valenzuela
Mauricio Reyes
Stephen J. Ferguson
Publikationsdatum: 28.08.2018
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Spine Journal / Ausgabe 10/2018
Print ISSN: 0940-6719
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0932
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-018-5729-3

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The effect of muscle ageing and sarcopenia on spinal segmental loads

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Graphical abstract

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Methods

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