Introduction
Materials and methods
Search strategy
Study selection
Data extraction
Study quality assessment
Data analysis
Results
Literature search
Study quality and characteristics
Author | Year | Country | Design | Level of evidence | Participants | Grouping | Sample size | Sex (percent of male) | Average age (years) | MINORS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abboud and Kim [21] | 2010 | USA | Prospective cohort study | Level II | Patients from an outpatient tertiary care clinic for shoulder pain necessitating surgery | Study group: with rotator cuff tears Control group: with shoulder pain but without tears | Study group, 74 Control group, 73 | Study group, 59.5% Control group, 53.4% | Study group, 66.3 Control group, 67.4 | 21/24 |
Longo et al. [12] | 2010 | England | Case-control study | Level III | Patients operated at one institution | Study group: arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tear Control group: arthroscopic Meniscectomy for a meniscal tear | Study group, 120 Control group,120 | Study group, 37.5% Control group, 37.5% | Control group, 64.9Study group, 63.9 | 18/24 |
Abate et al. [19] | 2014 | Italy | Cross-sectional study | Level IV | Female patient with lower limb diseases | Group 1: older than 44 years and with regular menstrual cycles Group 2: postmenopause 2–7 years | Group 1, 110 Group 2, 122 | Total, 0% | Group 1, 46.8 Group 2, 52.7 | 19/24 |
Oliva et al. [22] | 2014 | Italy | Retrospective observational study | Level IV | Patients with non-traumatic rotator cuff tear | Not available | Total, 441 | Total, 37% | Total, 61.1 | 12/16 |
Djerbi et al. [23] | 2015 | France | Prospective cohort study | Level II | Patients operated in the same orthopedic unit | Study group: patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair Control group: operated on other parts but not shoulder | Study group, 206 Control group, 100 | Study, 60% Control, 55% | Study, 57.8 Control, 59.4 | 21/24 |
Lin et al. [8] | 2015 | China | Retrospective cohort study | Level III | Randomly selected from national health research database | Not available | Total, 498,678 | Total, 50.8% | Total, 48.8 | 12/16 |
Davis et al. [25] | 2016 | USA | Prospective cohort study | Level III | Patients undergoing shoulder surgery | Study group: rotator cuff tear requiring a repair Control group: with intact rotator cuff | Study group, 40 Control group, 37 | Not available | Study, 57.5 Control, 53.7 | 21/24 |
Kim et al. [24] | 2016 | Korea | Retrospective cohort study, | Level III | Supraspinatus tendinopathy with or without tear | Study group: with dyslipidemia Control group: without dyslipidemia | Study group, 49 Control group, 50 | Study group, 36.7% Control group, 38% | Study group, 58.1 Control group, 55.6 | 19/24 |
Abate et al. [28] | 2017 | Italy | Case series | Level IV | Patients with non-traumatic and symptomatic rotator cuff tear | Group 1: monolateral rotator cuff tear Group 2: bilateral rotator cuff tear | Group 1, 111 Group 2, 69 | Group 1, 35.2% Group 2, 37.7% | Group 1, 59.2 Group 2, 63.6 | 19/24 |
Applegate et al. [30] | 2017 | USA | Cross-sectional study | Level IV | Workers were recruited from 17 diverse production facilities | Not available | Total, 1226 | Total, 34.3% | Total, 42.1 | 11/16 |
Lai et al. [29] | 2017 | USA | Retrospective design | Level III | Patients with rotator cuff tears for surgery repair or physical therapy | Not available | Total, 135 | Total, 57.8% | Total, 61.1 | 12/16 |
Juge et al. [20] | 2017 | France | Retrospective cohort study | Level III | Patients with shoulder osteoarthritis | Group 1: rotator cuff -related osteoarthritis Group 2: primary shoulder osteoarthritis | Group 1, 48 Group 2, 99 | Group 1, 35.4% Group 2, 29.3% | Group 1, 72.4 Group 2, 77.5 | 18/24 |
Kim et al. [27] | 2017 | Korea | Retrospective cohort design | Level III | Consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair | Not available | Total, 180 | Total, 46.7% | Total, 60.4 | 11/16 |
Garcia et al. [26] | 2017 | USA | Retrospective cohort design | Level III | Patients with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. | Study group: with hyperlipidemia Control group: without hyperlipidemia | Study group, 33 Control group, 52 | Total, 62.8% | Total, 62.1 | 19/24 |
Cancienne et al. [17] | 2017 | USA | Retrospective cohort design | Level III | Patients with primary arthroscopic rotator cuff from postoperative database | Not available | Total, 30638 | Total, 51.5% | Between 40 and 85 years | 11/16 |
Yamamoto et al. [31] | 2017 | Japan | Case-control study | Level III | Consecutive patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears | Group 1: tear progression Group 2: tear nonprogression | Group 1, 82 Group 2, 92 | Group 1, 60% Group 2, 55.4% | Group 1, 68 Group 2, 65.9 | 19/24 |
Dyslipidemia
Author | Dyslipidemia | Cholesterol-lowering medications | Primary findings | Association |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abboud and Kim [21] | TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified | Participants with cholesterol lowering medications were included but not analyzed | TC, TG, and LDL-C concentrations of the patients with rotator cuff tendon tears were significantly higher than the control group. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a trend to being lower than the control group. | Yes |
Longo et al. [12] | TC > 6.2 mmol/L, LDL-C > 5.2 mmol/L, TG > 4.5 mmol/L | Participants with statins use were excluded | There was no statistically significant difference in serum TG and TC concentration. | No |
Abate et al. [19] | TC, TG, and HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified | Not specified | High TG and low HDL-C were associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears. This was not statistically significant with TC. | Yes |
Oliva et al. [22] | Hypercholesterolemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified | Records of cholesterol-lowering medications were retrieved but not analyzed | High proportions of patients with non-traumatic rotator cuff tears had hypercholesterolemia. High portions of patients with hypercholesterolemia took cholesterol-lowering medications. | Yes |
Djerbi et al. [23] | TG > 1.50 g/L, LDL-C > 1.60 g/L, HDL-C > 0.40 g/L or if the patient was currently taking cholesterol-lowering drugs | Participants with cholesterol lowering medications were included but not analyzed | Patients with dyslipidemia had significantly higher odds ratio of rotator cuff tears. | Yes |
Lin et al. [8] | Hyperlipidemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified | Records of statin prescriptions were retrieved and analyzed | Hyperlipidemia was an independent risk factor for rotator cuff disease development. An increased risk also existed in patients with hyperlipidemia with/without statin use. Statin use was associated with a lower risk of developing rotator cuff diseases when compared with no statin use. | Yes |
Davis et al. [25] | TC, TG, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified | Patients with prescription medication for hypercholesterolemia were excluded | There were no significant differences in any lipid values between patients with rotator cuff and those without a tear | No |
Kim et al. [24] | TC ≥ 240 mg/dL; HDL-C < 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women and LDL-C > 160 mg/dL; TG > 200 mg/dL. | Participants with lipid-lowering medications were excluded | Rotator cuff tears were more frequent in the hyperlipidemia group although statistical analysis showed no significant difference. Patients with hyperlipidemia had significantly less improvement in pain level. | Yes |
Abate et al. [28] | Diagnosed on the basis of history, drugs assumption and recent (< 3 months) blood evaluations. The kinds of lipids were not defined | Records of statin prescriptions were recorded and analyzed | There was no association of bilateral rotator cuff tears with hypercholesterolemia and statin therapy | No |
Applegate et al. [30] | TC ≥ 200 mg/dL | Not specified | Hypercholesterolemia was statistically associated with glenohumeral joint pain, but not rotator cuff tendinopathy. | No |
Lai et al. [29] | TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, TG ≥ 150 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL, HDL-C < 40 mg/dL | Not specified | Dyslipidemia might decrease the improvement of patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing treatment for rotator cuff tears. High triglycerides and low HDL might have the most impact. | Yes |
Juge et al. [20] | Known status and/or use of lipid-lowering agents, and/or abnormal available dosage of triglycerides or cholesterol levels | Patients with use of lipid-lowering agents was included but not analyzed | There were no significant difference in the rate of dyslipidemia between rotator cuff-related osteoarthritis and primary shoulder osteoarthritis | No |
Kim et al. [27] | TC > 240 mg/dL | Not specified | BMI, dyslipidemia, and fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus were considered significant risk factors for retear. | Yes |
Garcia et al. [26] | Cholesterol levels were not used. Defined by the primary care physician who was currently treating each patient | All patients with hyperlipidemia took a statin medication. Prescriptions for statins were identified and analyzed | HL patients had a significantly higher risk of retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Type and dosage of statin medication did not significantly affect the incidence of retear. | Yes |
Cancienne et al. [17] | TC≥ 240 mg/dL, TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL | Prescriptions for statins were identified and analyzed | There was significant association between moderate and high perioperative total cholesterol and LDL levels and the rate of revision rotator cuff surgery. Use of statin lipid-lowering agents decreased the need for revision rotator cuff surgery. | Yes |
Yamamoto et al. [31] | Hypercholesterolemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified | Not specified | Hypercholesterolemia was not significantly correlated with tear progression | No |