Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Metabolic Brain Disease 2/2021

21.11.2020 | Original Article

The effects of lithium chloride and cathodal/anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on conditional fear memory changes and the level of p-mTOR/mTOR in PFC of male NMRI mice

verfasst von: Mojgan Hamdami, Solmaz Khalifeh, Nida Jamali-Raeufy, Mohammad Nasehi

Erschienen in: Metabolic Brain Disease | Ausgabe 2/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Lithium chloride clinically used to treat mental diseases but it has some side effects like cognitive impairment, memory deficit. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is able to change neural activity and gene transcription in the brain. The aim of the study is to provide a conceptual theoretical framework based on behavioral and molecular effects of tDCS on memory changes induced by lithium in male mice. we applied Anodal-tDCS and Cathodal-tDCS over the left PFC for 3 consecutive days tDCS for 20 min with 2 mA after injection of different doses of lithium/saline.Trained in fear condition and finally the day after that tested their memory persistency factors (freezing-latency) and other behavior such as grooming and rearing percentage time in the fear conditioning. P-mTOR/mTOR was analyzed using western blotting. The results obtained from the preliminary analysis of behavioral fear memory showed that lithium had destructive effect in higher doses and decreased freezing percentage time. However, both cathodal and anodal tDCS significantly improved memory and increased P-mTOR/mTOR level in the PFC. The results of this study indicate that cathodal and anodal tDCS upon the left prefrontal increased memory and reduced lithium side effects on memory consolidation and altered expression of plasticity-associated genes in the prefrontal cortex.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Al Banchaabouchi M, de Ortíz SP, Menéndez R, Ren K, Maldonado-Vlaar CS (2004) Chronic lithium decreases Nurr1 expression in the rat brain and impairs spatial discrimination. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 79:607–621PubMed Al Banchaabouchi M, de Ortíz SP, Menéndez R, Ren K, Maldonado-Vlaar CS (2004) Chronic lithium decreases Nurr1 expression in the rat brain and impairs spatial discrimination. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 79:607–621PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Amani H, Habibey R, Shokri F, Hajmiresmail SJ, Akhavan O, Mashaghi A, Pazoki-Toroudi H (2019a) Selenium nanoparticles for targeted stroke therapy through modulation of inflammatory and metabolic signaling. Sci Rep 9:1–15 Amani H, Habibey R, Shokri F, Hajmiresmail SJ, Akhavan O, Mashaghi A, Pazoki-Toroudi H (2019a) Selenium nanoparticles for targeted stroke therapy through modulation of inflammatory and metabolic signaling. Sci Rep 9:1–15
Zurück zum Zitat Amani H, Mostafavi E, Alebouyeh MR, Arzaghi H, Akbarzadeh A, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Webster TJ (2019b) Would colloidal gold nanocarriers present an effective diagnosis or treatment for ischemic stroke? Int J Nanomedicine 14:8013–8031PubMedPubMedCentral Amani H, Mostafavi E, Alebouyeh MR, Arzaghi H, Akbarzadeh A, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Webster TJ (2019b) Would colloidal gold nanocarriers present an effective diagnosis or treatment for ischemic stroke? Int J Nanomedicine 14:8013–8031PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Anand A, Nakamura K, Spielberg JM, Cha J, Karne H, Hu B (2020) Integrative analysis of lithium treatment associated effects on brain structure and peripheral gene expression reveals novel molecular insights into mechanism of action. Transl Psychiatry 10:1–10 Anand A, Nakamura K, Spielberg JM, Cha J, Karne H, Hu B (2020) Integrative analysis of lithium treatment associated effects on brain structure and peripheral gene expression reveals novel molecular insights into mechanism of action. Transl Psychiatry 10:1–10
Zurück zum Zitat Arvidsson A, Collin T, Kirik D, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O (2002) Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat Med 8:963–970PubMed Arvidsson A, Collin T, Kirik D, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O (2002) Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat Med 8:963–970PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Asthana M et al (2013) Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on consolidation of fear memory 4:107 Asthana M et al (2013) Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on consolidation of fear memory 4:107
Zurück zum Zitat Bekinschtein P, Cammarota M, Igaz LM, Bevilaqua LR, Izquierdo I, Medina JH (2007a) Persistence of long-term memory storage requires a late protein synthesis-and BDNF-dependent phase in the hippocampus. Neuron 53:261–277PubMed Bekinschtein P, Cammarota M, Igaz LM, Bevilaqua LR, Izquierdo I, Medina JH (2007a) Persistence of long-term memory storage requires a late protein synthesis-and BDNF-dependent phase in the hippocampus. Neuron 53:261–277PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bekinschtein P, Cammarota M, Igaz LM, Bevilaqua LR, Izquierdo I (2007b) Medina JHJN. Persistence of long-term memory storage requires a late protein synthesis-and BDNF-dependent phase in the hippocampus 53:261–277 Bekinschtein P, Cammarota M, Igaz LM, Bevilaqua LR, Izquierdo I (2007b) Medina JHJN. Persistence of long-term memory storage requires a late protein synthesis-and BDNF-dependent phase in the hippocampus 53:261–277
Zurück zum Zitat Bennabi D, Pedron S, Haffen E, Monnin J, Peterschmitt Y, Van Waes V (2014) Transcranial direct current stimulation for memory enhancement: from clinical research to animal models. Front Syst Neurosci 8:159PubMedPubMedCentral Bennabi D, Pedron S, Haffen E, Monnin J, Peterschmitt Y, Van Waes V (2014) Transcranial direct current stimulation for memory enhancement: from clinical research to animal models. Front Syst Neurosci 8:159PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Blundell J, Kouser M, Powell CMJNol, memory (2008) Systemic inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibits fear memory reconsolidation 90:28–35 Blundell J, Kouser M, Powell CMJNol, memory (2008) Systemic inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibits fear memory reconsolidation 90:28–35
Zurück zum Zitat Caumo W et al. (2012) Neurobiological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation: a review 3:110 Caumo W et al. (2012) Neurobiological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation: a review 3:110
Zurück zum Zitat Chegini H-R, Nasehi M, Zarrindast M-R (2014) Differential role of the basolateral amygdala 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 serotonin receptors upon ACPA-induced anxiolytic-like behaviors and emotional memory deficit in mice. Behav Brain Res 261:114–126PubMed Chegini H-R, Nasehi M, Zarrindast M-R (2014) Differential role of the basolateral amygdala 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 serotonin receptors upon ACPA-induced anxiolytic-like behaviors and emotional memory deficit in mice. Behav Brain Res 261:114–126PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Chen G, Yuan PX, Jiang YM, Huang LD, Manji HK (1998) Lithium increases tyrosine hydroxylase levels both in vivo and in vitro. J Neurochem 70:1768–1771PubMed Chen G, Yuan PX, Jiang YM, Huang LD, Manji HK (1998) Lithium increases tyrosine hydroxylase levels both in vivo and in vitro. J Neurochem 70:1768–1771PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Cunningham JT, Rodgers JT, Arlow DH, Vazquez F, Mootha VK, Puigserver PJn (2007) mTOR controls mitochondrial oxidative function through a YY1–PGC-1α transcriptional complex 450:736 Cunningham JT, Rodgers JT, Arlow DH, Vazquez F, Mootha VK, Puigserver PJn (2007) mTOR controls mitochondrial oxidative function through a YY1–PGC-1α transcriptional complex 450:736
Zurück zum Zitat Dittert N, Huettner S, Polak T, Herrmann MJHJFiBN (2018) Augmentation of fear extinction by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) 12:76 Dittert N, Huettner S, Polak T, Herrmann MJHJFiBN (2018) Augmentation of fear extinction by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) 12:76
Zurück zum Zitat Elvan C et al. (2020) Neuroprotective effect of lithium in cold-induced traumatic brain injury in mice:112719 Elvan C et al. (2020) Neuroprotective effect of lithium in cold-induced traumatic brain injury in mice:112719
Zurück zum Zitat Evrensel A, Ünsalver BÖ, Ceylan ME, Cömert GJCR (2014) Lithium-induced cortical atrophy and cognitive dysfunction 2014:bcr2014207646 Evrensel A, Ünsalver BÖ, Ceylan ME, Cömert GJCR (2014) Lithium-induced cortical atrophy and cognitive dysfunction 2014:bcr2014207646
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreira G, Gutierrez R, De La Cruz V (2002) Bermúdez-Rattoni FJEJoN. Differential involvement of cortical muscarinic and NMDA receptors in short-and long-term taste aversion memory 16:1139–1145 Ferreira G, Gutierrez R, De La Cruz V (2002) Bermúdez-Rattoni FJEJoN. Differential involvement of cortical muscarinic and NMDA receptors in short-and long-term taste aversion memory 16:1139–1145
Zurück zum Zitat Fritsch B, Reis J, Martinowich K, Schambra HM, Ji Y, Cohen LG (2010) Lu BJN. Direct current stimulation promotes BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity: potential implications for motor learning 66:198–204 Fritsch B, Reis J, Martinowich K, Schambra HM, Ji Y, Cohen LG (2010) Lu BJN. Direct current stimulation promotes BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity: potential implications for motor learning 66:198–204
Zurück zum Zitat Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR (2011) The NMDA receptor/nitric oxide pathway: a target for the therapeutic and toxic effects of lithium. Trends Pharmacol Sci 32:420–434PubMed Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR (2011) The NMDA receptor/nitric oxide pathway: a target for the therapeutic and toxic effects of lithium. Trends Pharmacol Sci 32:420–434PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ghosh HS, McBurney M, Robbins PD (2010) SIRT1 negatively regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin. PLoS One 5:e9199PubMedPubMedCentral Ghosh HS, McBurney M, Robbins PD (2010) SIRT1 negatively regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin. PLoS One 5:e9199PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Hanak A-S et al. (2017) Neurobehavioral effects of lithium in the rat: investigation of the effect/concentration relationships and the contribution of the poisoning pattern 76:124-133 Hanak A-S et al. (2017) Neurobehavioral effects of lithium in the rat: investigation of the effect/concentration relationships and the contribution of the poisoning pattern 76:124-133
Zurück zum Zitat Hashimoto R, Fujimaki K, Jeong MR, Christ L (2003) Chuang D-MJFl. Lithium-induced inhibition of Src tyrosine kinase in rat cerebral cortical neurons: a role in neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity 538:145–148 Hashimoto R, Fujimaki K, Jeong MR, Christ L (2003) Chuang D-MJFl. Lithium-induced inhibition of Src tyrosine kinase in rat cerebral cortical neurons: a role in neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity 538:145–148
Zurück zum Zitat Hay N, Sonenberg N (2004) Upstream and downstream of mTOR Genes & development 18:1926–1945 Hay N, Sonenberg N (2004) Upstream and downstream of mTOR Genes & development 18:1926–1945
Zurück zum Zitat Heeren A et al. (2017) Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on attentional bias for threat: a proof-of-concept study among individuals with social anxiety disorder 12:251-260 Heeren A et al. (2017) Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on attentional bias for threat: a proof-of-concept study among individuals with social anxiety disorder 12:251-260
Zurück zum Zitat Hillert MH, Imran I, Zimmermann M, Lau H, Weinfurter S, Klein J (2014) Dynamics of hippocampal acetylcholine release during lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. J Neurochem 131:42–52PubMed Hillert MH, Imran I, Zimmermann M, Lau H, Weinfurter S, Klein J (2014) Dynamics of hippocampal acetylcholine release during lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. J Neurochem 131:42–52PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hoeffer CA, Klann EJTin (2010) mTOR signaling: at the crossroads of plasticity, memory and disease 33:67–75 Hoeffer CA, Klann EJTin (2010) mTOR signaling: at the crossroads of plasticity, memory and disease 33:67–75
Zurück zum Zitat Honarmand AR, Pourtabatabaei N, Rahimi N, Dehpour AR, Javadi-Paydar M (2014) Suppression of memory acquisition following co-administration of lithium and atorvastatin through nitric oxide pathway in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 122:203–211PubMed Honarmand AR, Pourtabatabaei N, Rahimi N, Dehpour AR, Javadi-Paydar M (2014) Suppression of memory acquisition following co-administration of lithium and atorvastatin through nitric oxide pathway in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 122:203–211PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Izquierdo I, Medina JH, Vianna MR, Izquierdo LA (1999) Barros DMJBbr. Separate mechanisms for short-and long-term memory 103:1–11 Izquierdo I, Medina JH, Vianna MR, Izquierdo LA (1999) Barros DMJBbr. Separate mechanisms for short-and long-term memory 103:1–11
Zurück zum Zitat Jackson MP, Rahman A, Lafon B, Kronberg G, Ling D, Parra LC, Bikson M (2016) Animal models of transcranial direct current stimulation: methods and mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol 127:3425–3454PubMedPubMedCentral Jackson MP, Rahman A, Lafon B, Kronberg G, Ling D, Parra LC, Bikson M (2016) Animal models of transcranial direct current stimulation: methods and mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol 127:3425–3454PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Jamali-Raeufy N, Mojarrab Z, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, Fahanik-Babaei J, Goudarzi M (2020) The effects simultaneous inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and P2X7 purinoceptors in an in vivo Parkinson’s disease model. Metab Brain Dis 35:539–548PubMed Jamali-Raeufy N, Mojarrab Z, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, Fahanik-Babaei J, Goudarzi M (2020) The effects simultaneous inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and P2X7 purinoceptors in an in vivo Parkinson’s disease model. Metab Brain Dis 35:539–548PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Johansen JP, Cain CK, Ostroff LE, LeDoux JE (2011) Molecular mechanisms of fear learning and memory. Cell 147:509–524PubMedPubMedCentral Johansen JP, Cain CK, Ostroff LE, LeDoux JE (2011) Molecular mechanisms of fear learning and memory. Cell 147:509–524PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat KBJ PGF (2001) The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates San Diego: Academic Press 200:65–69 KBJ PGF (2001) The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates San Diego: Academic Press 200:65–69
Zurück zum Zitat Lazzara CA, Kim Y-H (2015) Potential application of lithium in Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 9:403PubMedPubMedCentral Lazzara CA, Kim Y-H (2015) Potential application of lithium in Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 9:403PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Li Y et al. (2012) Taurine attenuates methamphetamine-induced autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells through mTOR signaling pathway 215:1-7 Li Y et al. (2012) Taurine attenuates methamphetamine-induced autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells through mTOR signaling pathway 215:1-7
Zurück zum Zitat Liebetanz D, Nitsche MA, Tergau F, Paulus W (2002) Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability. Brain 125:2238–2247PubMed Liebetanz D, Nitsche MA, Tergau F, Paulus W (2002) Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability. Brain 125:2238–2247PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ma J, Wan J, Meng J, Banerjee S, Ramakrishnan S, Roy SJCd, disease (2014) Methamphetamine induces autophagy as a pro-survival response against apoptotic endothelial cell death through the Kappa opioid receptor 5:e1099 Ma J, Wan J, Meng J, Banerjee S, Ramakrishnan S, Roy SJCd, disease (2014) Methamphetamine induces autophagy as a pro-survival response against apoptotic endothelial cell death through the Kappa opioid receptor 5:e1099
Zurück zum Zitat Mac Callum PE, Hebert M, Adamec RE (2014) Blundell JJNol, memory. Systemic inhibition of mTOR kinase via rapamycin disrupts consolidation and reconsolidation of auditory fear memory 112:176–185 Mac Callum PE, Hebert M, Adamec RE (2014) Blundell JJNol, memory. Systemic inhibition of mTOR kinase via rapamycin disrupts consolidation and reconsolidation of auditory fear memory 112:176–185
Zurück zum Zitat Machado-Vieira R, Zanetti MV, Teixeira AL, Uno M, Valiengo LL, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Oba-Shinjo SM, de Sousa RT, Zarate CA Jr, Gattaz WF, Marie SKN (2015) Decreased AKT1/mTOR pathway mRNA expression in short-term bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 25:468–473PubMedPubMedCentral Machado-Vieira R, Zanetti MV, Teixeira AL, Uno M, Valiengo LL, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Oba-Shinjo SM, de Sousa RT, Zarate CA Jr, Gattaz WF, Marie SKN (2015) Decreased AKT1/mTOR pathway mRNA expression in short-term bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 25:468–473PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Maloney B et al (2019) Lithium alters expression of RNAs in a type-specific manner in differentiated human neuroblastoma neuronal cultures, including specific genes involved in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep 9:1–13 Maloney B et al (2019) Lithium alters expression of RNAs in a type-specific manner in differentiated human neuroblastoma neuronal cultures, including specific genes involved in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep 9:1–13
Zurück zum Zitat Martin SJ, Grimwood PD, Morris RGJAron (2000) Synaptic plasticity and memory: an evaluation of the hypothesis 23:649–711 Martin SJ, Grimwood PD, Morris RGJAron (2000) Synaptic plasticity and memory: an evaluation of the hypothesis 23:649–711
Zurück zum Zitat Martins IJ (2017) Autoimmune disease and mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic diseases. Research on Chronic Diseases 1:010–0012 Martins IJ (2017) Autoimmune disease and mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic diseases. Research on Chronic Diseases 1:010–0012
Zurück zum Zitat Martins I (2018a) Food quality and advances in pharmacological management prevent mitochondrial apoptosis and epilepsy induced stroke. Research and Reveiws: Neuroscience 2:7–9 Martins I (2018a) Food quality and advances in pharmacological management prevent mitochondrial apoptosis and epilepsy induced stroke. Research and Reveiws: Neuroscience 2:7–9
Zurück zum Zitat Martins IJ (2018b) Sirtuin 1, a diagnostic protein marker and its relevance to chronic disease and therapeutic drug interventions. ECPT 6:209–215 Martins IJ (2018b) Sirtuin 1, a diagnostic protein marker and its relevance to chronic disease and therapeutic drug interventions. ECPT 6:209–215
Zurück zum Zitat McGaugh JL (2000) Memory--a century of consolidation. Science 287:248–251PubMed McGaugh JL (2000) Memory--a century of consolidation. Science 287:248–251PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Merzagora AC, Foffani G, Panyavin I, Mordillo-Mateos L, Aguilar J, Onaral B, Oliviero AJN (2010) Prefrontal hemodynamic changes produced by anodal direct current stimulation 49:2304–2310 Merzagora AC, Foffani G, Panyavin I, Mordillo-Mateos L, Aguilar J, Onaral B, Oliviero AJN (2010) Prefrontal hemodynamic changes produced by anodal direct current stimulation 49:2304–2310
Zurück zum Zitat Mungee A, Kazzer P, Feeser M, Nitsche MA, Schiller D, Bajbouj MJN (2014) Transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: a means to modulate fear memories 25:480–484 Mungee A, Kazzer P, Feeser M, Nitsche MA, Schiller D, Bajbouj MJN (2014) Transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: a means to modulate fear memories 25:480–484
Zurück zum Zitat Münsterkötter AL et al (2015) Spider or no spider? Neural correlates of sustained and phasic fear in spider phobia 32:656–663 Münsterkötter AL et al (2015) Spider or no spider? Neural correlates of sustained and phasic fear in spider phobia 32:656–663
Zurück zum Zitat Nitsche MA, Paulus W (2000) Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol 527:633–639PubMedPubMedCentral Nitsche MA, Paulus W (2000) Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol 527:633–639PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Nunes MA et al (2015) Chronic microdose lithium treatment prevented memory loss and neurohistopathological changes in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease 10:e0142267 Nunes MA et al (2015) Chronic microdose lithium treatment prevented memory loss and neurohistopathological changes in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease 10:e0142267
Zurück zum Zitat O’Donnell KC, Gould TD (2007) The behavioral actions of lithium in rodent models: leads to develop novel therapeutics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31:932–962PubMedPubMedCentral O’Donnell KC, Gould TD (2007) The behavioral actions of lithium in rodent models: leads to develop novel therapeutics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31:932–962PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Orre K (2013) Lithium and brain plasticity. Citeseer Orre K (2013) Lithium and brain plasticity. Citeseer
Zurück zum Zitat Pachet AK, Wisniewski AM (2003) The effects of lithium on cognition: an updated review. Psychopharmacology 170:225–234PubMed Pachet AK, Wisniewski AM (2003) The effects of lithium on cognition: an updated review. Psychopharmacology 170:225–234PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Page G et al (2006) Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors activate the p70S6 kinase via both mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) signaling pathways in rat striatal and hippocampal. Synaptoneurosomes 49:413–421 Page G et al (2006) Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors activate the p70S6 kinase via both mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) signaling pathways in rat striatal and hippocampal. Synaptoneurosomes 49:413–421
Zurück zum Zitat Papadakis M, Hadley G, Xilouri M, Hoyte LC, Nagel S, McMenamin MM, Tsaknakis G, Watt SM, Drakesmith CW, Chen R, Wood MJA, Zhao Z, Kessler B, Vekrellis K, Buchan AM (2013) Tsc1 (hamartin) confers neuroprotection against ischemia by inducing autophagy. Nat Med 19:351–357PubMedPubMedCentral Papadakis M, Hadley G, Xilouri M, Hoyte LC, Nagel S, McMenamin MM, Tsaknakis G, Watt SM, Drakesmith CW, Chen R, Wood MJA, Zhao Z, Kessler B, Vekrellis K, Buchan AM (2013) Tsc1 (hamartin) confers neuroprotection against ischemia by inducing autophagy. Nat Med 19:351–357PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Parsaei L, Torkaman-Boutorabi A, Asadi F, Zarrindast M-R (2016) Interaction between dorsal hippocampal NMDA receptors and lithium on spatial learning consolidation in rats. Brain Res Bull 127:1–10PubMed Parsaei L, Torkaman-Boutorabi A, Asadi F, Zarrindast M-R (2016) Interaction between dorsal hippocampal NMDA receptors and lithium on spatial learning consolidation in rats. Brain Res Bull 127:1–10PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Parsons RG, Gafford GM, Helmstetter FJJJoN (2006) Translational control via the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is critical for the formation and stability of long-term fear memory in amygdala neurons 26:12977–12983 Parsons RG, Gafford GM, Helmstetter FJJJoN (2006) Translational control via the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is critical for the formation and stability of long-term fear memory in amygdala neurons 26:12977–12983
Zurück zum Zitat Pazoki-Toroudi H, Amani H, Ajami M, Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Kasi PD, Nabavi SM (2016) Targeting mTOR signaling by polyphenols: a new therapeutic target for ageing. Ageing Res Rev 31:55–66PubMed Pazoki-Toroudi H, Amani H, Ajami M, Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Kasi PD, Nabavi SM (2016) Targeting mTOR signaling by polyphenols: a new therapeutic target for ageing. Ageing Res Rev 31:55–66PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Phelps EA, Delgado MR, Nearing KI (2004) LeDoux JEJN. Extinction learning in humans: role of the amygdala and vmPFC 43:897–905 Phelps EA, Delgado MR, Nearing KI (2004) LeDoux JEJN. Extinction learning in humans: role of the amygdala and vmPFC 43:897–905
Zurück zum Zitat Poreisz C, Boros K, Antal A, Paulus W (2007) Safety aspects of transcranial direct current stimulation concerning healthy subjects and patients. Brain Res Bull 72:208–214PubMed Poreisz C, Boros K, Antal A, Paulus W (2007) Safety aspects of transcranial direct current stimulation concerning healthy subjects and patients. Brain Res Bull 72:208–214PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Schroeter M, Jander S, Witte OW, Stoll G (1994) Local immune responses in the rat cerebral cortex after middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neuroimmunol 55:195–203PubMed Schroeter M, Jander S, Witte OW, Stoll G (1994) Local immune responses in the rat cerebral cortex after middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neuroimmunol 55:195–203PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sharifzadeh M et al. (2007) Protective effects of chronic lithium treatment against spatial memory retention deficits induced by the protein kinase AII inhibitor H-89 in rats 80:158-165 Sharifzadeh M et al. (2007) Protective effects of chronic lithium treatment against spatial memory retention deficits induced by the protein kinase AII inhibitor H-89 in rats 80:158-165
Zurück zum Zitat Sui L, Wang J, Li B-MJL, memory (2008) Role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway in long-term potentiation and trace fear conditioning memory in rat medial prefrontal cortex 15:762–776 Sui L, Wang J, Li B-MJL, memory (2008) Role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway in long-term potentiation and trace fear conditioning memory in rat medial prefrontal cortex 15:762–776
Zurück zum Zitat Sun Y et al. (2016) Direct current stimulation induces mGluR5-dependent neocortical plasticity 80:233-246 Sun Y et al. (2016) Direct current stimulation induces mGluR5-dependent neocortical plasticity 80:233-246
Zurück zum Zitat Taler M, Aronovich R, Hornfeld SH, Dar S, Sasson E, Weizman A, Hochman EJBD (2020) Regulatory effect of lithium on hippocampal blood-brain barrier integrity in a rat model of depressive-like behavior Taler M, Aronovich R, Hornfeld SH, Dar S, Sasson E, Weizman A, Hochman EJBD (2020) Regulatory effect of lithium on hippocampal blood-brain barrier integrity in a rat model of depressive-like behavior
Zurück zum Zitat Trepiccione F, Monster Christensen B (2010) Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: new clinical and experimental findings. JN journal of nephrology 23:S43PubMed Trepiccione F, Monster Christensen B (2010) Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: new clinical and experimental findings. JN journal of nephrology 23:S43PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wahl D, Gokarn R, Mitchell SJ, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Simpson SJ, le Couteur DG, de Cabo R (2019) Central nervous system SIRT1 expression is required for cued and contextual fear conditioning memory responses in aging mice. Nutrition and healthy aging 5:111–117PubMedPubMedCentral Wahl D, Gokarn R, Mitchell SJ, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Simpson SJ, le Couteur DG, de Cabo R (2019) Central nervous system SIRT1 expression is required for cued and contextual fear conditioning memory responses in aging mice. Nutrition and healthy aging 5:111–117PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Wu J, Zhu D, Zhang J, Li G, Liu Z, Sun J (2015) Lithium protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via Akt/GSK3β/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 465:368–373PubMed Wu J, Zhu D, Zhang J, Li G, Liu Z, Sun J (2015) Lithium protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via Akt/GSK3β/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 465:368–373PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
The effects of lithium chloride and cathodal/anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on conditional fear memory changes and the level of p-mTOR/mTOR in PFC of male NMRI mice
verfasst von
Mojgan Hamdami
Solmaz Khalifeh
Nida Jamali-Raeufy
Mohammad Nasehi
Publikationsdatum
21.11.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Metabolic Brain Disease / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0885-7490
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7365
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-020-00643-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2021

Metabolic Brain Disease 2/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.