Background
Methods
Literature search
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Quality assessment
Data extraction
Meta-analysis
Assessment of overall effect size
Assessment of heterogeneity
Moderator analyses
Assessment of publication bias
Cumulative meta-analysis
Results
Study selection
Characteristics of included studies
Author & years | Age (Mean) | Subjects (n1 + n2) | Outcomes | Patients’ selection | Cancer type | Cancer stage | Intervention type | Therapist | Intervention format |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang et al. 2000 [39] | 18-67 | 38 + 38 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ③ | Doctor | A |
Zhao et al. 2000 [153] | 22-67 (52) | 42 + 41 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | - | A + B + C |
Cai et al. 2001 [144] | 26-70 (50.6) | 116+ 46 | Both (HAMD,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ⑤ | - | A + B |
Yang et al. 2002 [42] | 28-65 (44.6) | 34 + 30 | Depression (HAMD) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ③ | - | B |
Guan et al. 2002 [123] | 30-71 | 44 + 44 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑦ | Oncologist | B |
Li et al. 2002 [76] | 32-71 (51.2) | 61 + 47 | Both (SDS,STAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | Early | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + B + C |
Lian et al. 2003 [44] | 18-65 (46) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ① + ② + ④ | - | - |
Wu & Wang 2003 [148] | 30-78 (56) | 63 + 57 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Doctor (training) | A + B + C |
Zhong et al. 2003 [38] | >16 | 91 + 92 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② | - | - |
Lou et al. 2003 [101] | 31-72 | 85 + 86 | Depression (DSI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ | Nurse | A + C |
Xu 2004 [115] | 30-70 (58) | 150 + 100 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ② + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Nurse | A + C |
Wang 2004 [93] | 36-65 | 30 + 22 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Bu et al. 2005 [155] | >18 (46.5) | 30 + 30 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Digestive tract | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
Lou et al. 2005 [164] | 24-71 (58) | 75 + 75 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | - | A + C |
Liu et al. 2006 [143] | 16-77 (51.9) | 58 + 53 | Both (SDS,STAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ⑤ | - | A |
Cheng et al. 2006 [107] | >16 (65.3) | 15 + 15 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ③ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | - |
Wang et al. 2006 [75] | >18 (56.1) | 31 + 31 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ④ | Nurse (training)/Oncologist | B |
Ni et al. 2007 [165] | >18 (55.4) | 169 + 157 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ④ + ⑦ | Doctor | A + C |
Pang & Wang 2007 [166] | 31-62 (59) | 43 + 42 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + C* |
Qian & Cai 2007 [50] | 18-65 | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
Wen & Liang 2007 [69] | 16-40 | 73 + 63 | Both (SDS,STAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
Kang 2007 [128] | 40-60 | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Advanced | ② + ⑤ | - | A + B |
Zheng et al. 2007 [109] | 39-86 (58) | 35 + 35 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑤ | Oncologist/Nurse | A + C |
Deng et al. 2007 [110] | 32-70 (55.3) | 60 + 60 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ | Doctor | A + C |
Xing 2007 [103] | 43-75 (57.2) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
Wu et al. 2007 [59] | 18-70 (48.4) | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
Xu 2007 [88] | 20-70 | 32 + 32 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
Han & Liu 2007 [151] | 27-76 (59.1) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑤ | Nurse | A + B |
Huang et al. 2008 [54] | >16 | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ | Nurse | A |
Zheng et al. 2008 [116] | >18 (58.9) | 38 + 39 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | - | A + C |
Yang 2008 [79] | >16 | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | A + C |
Han 2008 [160] | 33-65 (48.1) | 32 + 35 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Jiang et al. 2008 [161] | 28-64 (52) | 52 + 52 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ③ | - | A |
Li et al. 2008 [163] | 25-78 (53) | 24 + 24 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ⑥ | Nurse | A |
Wang et al. 2008 [169] | >18 | 40 + 40 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | Early | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | - |
Ji 2008 [106] | 22-83 (54.2) | 40 + 40 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Doctor/Nurse (training) | A + B + C |
Jin & Zhu 2008 [122] | 42-65 (59) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
Li et al. 2008 [99] | 26-73 (43.7) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ② + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Nurse | A + C |
Liu et al. 2008 [52] | 24-70 (50) | 90 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ④ | - | A + B + C |
Yang 2008 [136] | 18-70 (49.7) | 31 + 31 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Early | ① + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Clinical psychologist | B |
Zhou 2008 [100] | 26-57 | 32 + 32 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Blood | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse/Psychologist | - |
Mao et al. 2008 [113] | >16 (55.3) | 82 + 76 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
Liu 2008 [132] | 25-72 | 31 + 31 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Gynecology | Advanced | ② + ③ | - | A |
Zheng et al. 2008 [125] | 18-70 (51.4) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ⑦ | Nurse | A |
Chen et al. 2009 [156] | >18 | 33 + 32 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Digestive tract | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Psychologist/Nurse (training) | A |
Li 2009 [89] | 30-60 (46) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ③ + ④ + ⑤ | - | - |
Li et al. 2009 [78] | 22-84 | 78 + 78 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ① + ② + ④ | Psychologist/Doctor/Nurse | A + B + C |
Fu et al. 2009 [145] | 26-60 (39.3) | 40 + 38 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Advanced | ⑤ | - | A |
Qiu 2009 [133] | 30-70 | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ① + ② + ③ | - | A |
Sun 2009 [134] | >18 (43.4) | 30 + 30 | Both (HASD) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② | - | A |
Xia 2009 [118] | 24-60 (47) | 28 + 28 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | - |
Zhang 2009 [139] | 18-70 (55) | 34 + 32 | Depression (SDS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ | - | A |
Zhou 2009 [140] | 18-55 (45.9) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Breast | Early | ⑤ | - | A |
Li et al. 2009 [63] | 18-72 (40.5) | 61 + 59 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Psychologist | B |
Geng et al. 2010 [104] | 23-82 | 124 + 123 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④+ ⑥ | Researcher (training) | A + C |
Zhan & Cheng 2010 [105] | 18-75 | 35 + 35 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Doctor/Nurse (training) | A + B + C |
Cheng et al. 2010 [45] | 21-69 (47) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ | Oncologist/Psychologist/Nurse | A + B + C |
Li et al. 2010 [91] | 41-68 (52.2) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ② + ③ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
Guan et al. 2010 [81] | 38-70 (44) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Urinary | - | ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | - |
Li 2010 [111] | 31-72 (49.7) | 57 + 57 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ④ + ⑥ | Doctor/Nurse | A + B + C |
Zhang 2010 [138] | >18 (49.7) | 47 + 48 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Early | ①+④+⑦ | - | B |
Su & Wang 2010 [167] | >18 (52.9) | 41 + 46 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Digestive tract | - | ①+②+④+⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + C |
Fu et al. 2010 [159] | 27-64 (46.5) | 36 + 28 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ②+ ③+ ④+ ⑤+ ⑥ | - | A + C |
Wu & Zhang 2010 [170] | 30-75 (48) | 40 + 39 | Anxiety (SAI) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | Advanced | ① + ③ + ④ + ⑤ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
Zhou 2010 [176] | 30-65 | 60 + 60 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
You et al. 2010 [171] | >18 (48.9) | 33 + 29 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② | Nurse | A |
Ren et al. 2010 [154] | 33-74 (54.2) | 40 + 37 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ③ + ④ | - | A + B + C |
Xu 2010 [40] | 27-73 (51) | 47 + 43 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ⑥ | Nurse | A |
Guo et al. 2010 [71] | 23-82 (45.4) | 45 + 45 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② | Researcher (cognitive therapy training) | A |
Tang et al. 2010 [126] | >18 (49.8) | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | A + C |
Liu et al. 2010 [46] | >16 (51.1) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | - |
Shi et al. 2010 [108] | 21-79 (54) | 20 + 20 | Depression (HAMD) | Selective | Digestive tract | Advanced | ④ + ⑥ | Psychologist | A + B |
Liu et al. 2010 [87] | >16 (57.5) | 37 + 35 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | Early | ②+④ | Psychologist | A + B + C |
Wang 2010 [90] | >16 (48.1) | 43 + 43 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
Huang et al. 2010 [86] | >16 (63.6) | 32 + 28 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑥ | - | - |
Zhang & Yu 2011 [94] | 21-53 | 60 + 60 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
Du et al. 2011 [61] | >16 (42.7) | 28 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① | Nurse | A |
Li et al. 2011 [149] | >18 (47) | 20 + 20 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A |
Zhou et al. 2011 [180] | 25-65 (45) | 54 + 51 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ⑤ | - | A |
Liu 2011 [131] | 23-65 | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ①+③+⑤+⑦ | - | A + C |
Shen et al. 2011 [64] | 39-71 (58.1) | 37 + 38 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ②+⑥ | Nurse | A |
Zhu et al. 2011 [65] | >60 (74) | 50 + 48 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B |
Meng et al. 2011 [95] | 34-74 (57) | 46 + 41 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ② + ③ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Nurse | - |
Dai et al. 2011 [157] | 23-78 (57.9) | 66 + 68 | Anxiety (SAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Oncologist/Psychologist/Nurse/Nutritionist | B |
Jiao et al. 2011 [162] | 40-66 (55.8) | 34 + 34 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + C |
Ye 2011 [56] | 24-65 (43.5) | 20 + 20 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ①+③ | - | A |
Li 2011 [130] | 18-80 | 37 + 32 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | Early | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | A + B + C |
Liu et al. 2011 [41] | 30-50 | 50 + 50 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ | Medical staff | A + B |
Wang et al. 2011 [37] | >16 (59.03) | 30 + 31 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ⑤ | Psychologist | B |
Cao2011 [173] | >18 | 30 + 30 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ③ | Nurse (psychological/music training) | A |
Zhao & Zhang 2011 [174] | 18-70 | 21 + 20 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Cao & Li 2011 [67] | >16 | 55 + 53 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ③ | - | A + B + C |
Huang et al. 2011 [152] | 33-71 | 140 + 139 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + B + C |
Hu & Yan 2011 [62] | 30-52 (45) | 32 + 32 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ④ | Psychologist/Oncologist/Nurse (training) | B |
Guan & Jin 2011 [120] | 18-75 (66) | 78 + 78 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | A + C |
Lv et al. 2011 [77] | 25-65 | 38 + 38 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | Early | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | A + B |
Li et al. 2011 [182] | 25-65 (45) | 54 + 51 | Anxiety (SAI) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ⑤ | - | A |
Cao & Jiang 2011 [177] | >18 (51.5) | 42 + 42 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
Huang2011 [102] | >16 (54.23) | 40 + 40 | Depression (HAMD) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
Zheng et al. 2011 [141] | 21-81 (54) | 102 + 111 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ②+④+⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
Wu & Dong 2011 [47] | 48-78 (63.3) | 33 + 33 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Selective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ | - | A + C |
Zheng et al. 2012 [150] | 19-70 (52.6) | 28 + 28 | Depression (SDS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ | Doctor | A + C |
Wang & Xiao 2012 [124] | >18 (57.5) | 42 + 42 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ⑥ | Psychologist | A |
Wei 2012 [135] | >18 (48.1) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
Feng 2012 [55] | 35-65 (50.9) | 45 + 45 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ⑦ | - | A |
Yang et al. 2012 [73] | 48-81 | 20 + 20 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Psychologist | A + B + C |
Zhao et al. 2012 [84] | 18-75 (57.2) | 103 + 102 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ⑦ | Doctor | - |
Gu 2012 [121] | 47-74 (64.6) | 52 + 48 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Nurse | A + C |
Zheng2012 [58] | 45-72 (51.6) | 30 + 30 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Selective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | - |
Yang2012 [66] | 59-76 (65.4) | 23 + 20 | Depression (SDS) | Selective | Digestive tract | - | ②+④+⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Sun et al. 2012 [60] | 21-78 (49.4) | 89 + 89 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Psychologist/Nurse | A + B + C |
Liu et al. 2012 [98] | >18 (48.6) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ③ + ④+ ⑦ | - | A + C |
Yang et al. 2012 [70] | 20-70 (58.4) | 48 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ② + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
Li 2012 [129] | 34-36 (41.7) | 51 + 51 | Both (CES-D,SAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ⑥ | Nurse | A |
Zhu & Hu 2012 [68] | 23-76 (44.3) | 45 + 46 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ②+④+⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + B + C |
Liu 2012 [48] | 45-74 (62.3) | 40 + 40 | Depression (HAMD) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Shi et al. 2012 [92] | 21-65 (53.5) | 74 + 74 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | A |
Jia2012 [127] | 43-77 (55.8) | 35 + 32 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | A + C |
Zhang 2012 [97] | 34-71 (63.5) | 45 + 45 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ② + ⑥ | - | - |
Chen 2012 [51] | 18-79 (51) | 43 + 44 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
Li et al. 2012 [146] | >18 (57.2) | 30 + 30 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑦ | Doctor (training)/Psychologist | A |
Yang & Wang 2012 [83] | 29-69 | 30 + 30 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
Jiang et al. 2012 [49] | >16 | 44 + 45 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ① + ② + ③ | Nurse | A |
Fan & Pan 2012 [158] | 30-48 | 19 + 19 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ② + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | A + C |
Li et al. 2012 [72] | 24.5-70 | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | A + B + C* |
Han et al. 2012 [85] | 18-91 (74) | 43 + 42 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Doctor/Nurse (training) | A + C |
Zheng et al. 2012 [175] | 25-69 (46.5) | 30 + 30 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
Yuan & Wu 2013 [147] | 50-70 (63) | 78 + 78 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ⑥ | - | A + C |
Zhu et al. 2013 [36] | 43-78 | 25 + 25 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ⑦ | - | - |
Du 2013 [74] | 24-76 (46.3) | 36 + 36 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ⑥ | Nurse/Community Doctor | A + B + C* |
Mu et al. 2012 [178] | 32-70 (56.2) | 60 + 60 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Urinary | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
Liu & Gan 2013 [43] | 18-67 (49.3) | 101 + 90 | Both (SDS,STAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ⑤ | - | A |
Zhang 2013 [96] | 32-73 | 72 + 72 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
Zhang et al. 2013 [142] | 32-72 (54) | 33 + 35 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ④ + ⑦ | Doctor (training) | B |
Guo et al. 2013 [179] | >18 (47) | 89 + 89 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ②+ ⑦ | Clinician/Nurse/Radiation therapist (training) | B |
Liu 2013 [119] | 31-65 (53.3) | 45 + 45 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ③ + ⑥ | Nurse | A |
Zhai et al. 2013 [82] | 47-62 (52) | 39 + 39 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Ci et al. 2013 [117] | 25-65 | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Liu 2013 [112] | 46-71 (51.4) | 59 + 59 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ② + ④ | - | A + C |
Liu et al. 2013 [57] | 35-76 (53) | 29 + 29 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Bone metastatic | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④+ ⑥ | Nurse | - |
Qiu et al. 2013 [181] | 31-64 (50.6) | 29 + 25 | Both (HAMD,SAS) | Selective | Breast | Early | ① | Psychiatrist (CBT and group therapy training) | B |
Mao et al. 2013 [80] | >16 (58.2) | 100 + 100 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Psychologist | A + C |
Zhang 2013 [114] | 18-70 (46) | 53 + 53 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Yu 2013 [137] | >18 | 79 + 41 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Doctor | A + B + C |
Wang 2013 [53] | 21-70 (45) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ②+ ④ | Nurse | A + C |
Tian et al. 2013 [168] | >18 (61.1) | 98 + 97 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ④ + ⑤ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
Yu 2013 [172] | 33-61 (41.9) | 83 + 83 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C* |
Risk of bias assessment
Studies | Quality Indicators from the modified Jadad scale | Total score | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | ||
Wang et al. 2000 [39] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Zhao et al. 2000 [153] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Cai et al. 2001 [144] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Yang et al. 2002 [42] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Guan et al. 2002 [123] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Li et al. 2002 [76] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Lian et al. 2003 [44] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Wu & Wang 2003 [148] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Zhong et al. 2003 [38] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Lou et al. 2003 [101] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Xu 2004 [115] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Wang 2004 [93] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Bu et al. 2005 [155] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Lou et al. 2005 [164] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Liu et al. 2006 [143] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Cheng et al. 2006 [107] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Wang et al. 2006 [75] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Ni et al. 2007 [165] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Pang & Wang 2007 [166] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Qian & Cai 2007 [50] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Wen & Liang 2007 [69] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Kang 2007 [128] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Zheng et al. 2007 [109] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Deng et al. 2007 [110] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Xing 2007 [103] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Wu et al. 2007 [59] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Xu 2007 [88] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Han & Liu 2007 [151] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Huang et al. 2008 [54] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Zheng et al. 2008 [116] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Yang 2008 [79] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Han 2008 [160] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Jiang et al. 2008 [161] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Li et al. 2008 [163] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Wang et al. 2008 [169] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Ji 2008 [106] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Jin & Zhu 2008 [122] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Li et al. 2008 [99] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Liu et al. 2008 [52] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Yang 2008 [136] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Zhou 2008 [100] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Mao et al. 2008 [113] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Liu 2008 [132] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Zheng et al. 2008 [125] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Chen et al. 2009 [156] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Li 2009 [89] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Li et al. 2009 [78] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Fu et al. 2009 [145] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Qiu 2009 [133] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Sun 2009 [134] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Xia 2009 [118] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Zhang 2009 [139] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Zhou 2009 [140] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Li et al. 2009 [63] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Geng et al. 2010 [104] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Zhan & Cheng 2010 [105] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Cheng et al. 2010 [45] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Li et al. 2010 [91] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Guan et al. 2010 [81] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Li 2010 [111] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Zhang 2010 [138] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Su & Wang 2010 [167] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Fu et al. 2010 [159] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Wu & Zhang 2010 [170] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Zhou 2010 [176] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
You et al. 2010 [171] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Ren et al. 2010 [154] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Xu 2010 [40] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Guo et al. 2010 [71] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Tang et al. 2010 [126] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Liu et al. 2010 [46] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Shi et al. 2010 [108] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Liu et al. 2010 [87] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Wang 2010 [90] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Huang et al. 2010 [86] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Zhang & Yu 2011 [94] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Du et al. 2011 [61] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Li et al. 2011 [149] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Zhou et al. 2011 [180] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Liu 2011 [131] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Shen et al. 2011 [64] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Zhu et al. 2011 [65] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Meng et al. 2011 [95] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Dai et al. 2011 [157] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Jiao et al. 2011 [162] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Ye 2011 [56] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Li2011 [130] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Liu et al. 2011 [41] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Wang et al. 2011 [37] | 1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Cao 2011 [173] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Zhao & Zhang 2011 [174] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Cao & Li 2011 [67] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Huang et al. 2011 [152] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Hu & Yan 2011 [62] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Guan & Jin 2011 [120] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Lv et al. 2011 [77] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Li et al. 2011 [182] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Cao & Jiang 2011 [177] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Huang 2011 [102] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Zheng et al. 2011 [141] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Wu & Dong 2011 [47] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Zheng et al. 2012 [150] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Wang & Xiao 2012 [124] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Wei 2012 [135] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Feng 2012 [55] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Yang et al. 2012 [73] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Zhao et al. 2012 [84] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Gu 2012 [121] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Zheng 2012 [58] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Yang 2012 [66] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Sun et al. 2012 [60] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Liu et al. 2012 [98] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Yang et al. 2012 [70] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Li 2012 [129] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Zhu & Hu 2012 [68] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Liu 2012 [48] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Shi et al. 2012 [92] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Jia 2012 [127] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Zhang 2012 [97] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Chen 2012 [51] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Li et al. 2012 [146] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Yang & Wang 2012 [83] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Jiang et al. 2012 [49] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Fan & Pan 2012 [158] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Li et al. 2012 [72] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Han et al. 2012 [85] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Zheng et al. 2012 [175] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Yuan & Wu 2013 [147] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Zhu et al. 2013 [36] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Du 2013 [74] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Mu et al. 2012 [178] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Liu & Gan 2013 [43] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Zhang 2013 [96] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Zhang et al. 2013 [142] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Guo et al. 2013 [179] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Liu 2013 [119] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Zhai et al. 2013 [82] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Ci et al. 2013 [117] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Liu 2013 [112] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Liu et al. 2013 [57] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Qiu et al. 2013 [181] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Mao et al. 2013 [80] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Zhang 2013 [114] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Yu 2013 [137] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Wang 2013 [53] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Tian et al. 2013 [168] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Yu 2013 [172] | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Effects of psychological interventions on depression and anxiety in cancer patients
Moderator analysis
Subgroup | No. of studies | No. of subjects | SMD | 95% CI | Q | I2(%) | Pa
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression
| |||||||
Caner typeb
| <0.001 | ||||||
Mixed cancer | 60 | 6506 | 1.113 | 0.966-1.260 | 440.61*** | 86.6 | |
Lung cancer | 8 | 592 | 1.481 | 0.811-2.151 | 90.26*** | 92.2 | |
Head/neck cancer | 8 | 734 | 1.403 | 1.150-1.167 | 16.50* | 57.6 | |
Gynecological cancer | 19 | 1592 | 1.268 | 1.015-1.520 | 94.81*** | 81.0 | |
Breast cancer | 15 | 1114 | 1.106 | 0.830-1.382 | 63.82*** | 78.1 | |
Digestive tract cancer | 9 | 851 | 1.283 | 0.928-1.638 | 40.26*** | 80.1 | |
Cancer stage | 0.502 | ||||||
Advanced | 21 | 1810 | 1.220 | 0.927-1.513 | 160.64*** | 87.5 | |
Early | 8 | 596 | 1.401 | 0.821-1.980 | 70.28*** | 90.0 | |
Patients’ selection | 0.004 | ||||||
Nonselective | 103 | 10310 | 1.170 | 1.058-1.282 | 693.41*** | 85.3 | |
Selective | 19 | 1261 | 1.368 | 1.095-1.642 | 85.42*** | 78.9 | |
Intervention format | 0.202 | ||||||
Individual | 25 | 2103 | 1.256 | 1.015-1.497 | 151.98*** | 84.2 | |
Other formats | 79 | 7811 | 1.167 | 1.043-1.291 | 490.91*** | 84.1 | |
Appropriate randomization | 0.923 | ||||||
No | 19 | 1788 | 1.161 | 0.920-1.401 | 98.77*** | 81.8 | |
Yes | 27 | 2572 | 1.145 | 0.990-1.300 | 152.60*** | 83.0 | |
Questionnaires | 1.000 | ||||||
SDS | 104 | 10134 | 1.189 | 1.080-1.298 | 646.84*** | 84.1 | |
HAMD | 15 | 1104 | 1.442 | 1.050-1.834 | 114.76*** | 87.8 | |
Timing of assessmentc
| 0.113 | ||||||
≤1 week | 8 | 759 | 1.180 | 0.698-1.662 | 63.77*** | 89.0 | |
2 weeks-4 weeks | 22 | 2599 | 1.150 | 0.934-1.366 | 134.10*** | 84.3 | |
6 weeks-8 weeks | 19 | 1644 | 1.226 | 0.940-1.512 | 124.72*** | 85.6 | |
>8 weeks | 9 | 765 | 1.323 | 0.922-1.724 | 49.61*** | 83.9 | |
Anxiety
| |||||||
Caner typeb
| 0.020 | ||||||
Mixed cancer | 58 | 6563 | 1.242 | 1.075-1.409 | 538.86*** | 89.4 | |
Lung cancer | 9 | 676 | 1.588 | 0.994-2.182 | 90.75*** | 91.2 | |
Head/neck cancer | 7 | 645 | 1.468 | 0.943-1.992 | 51.74*** | 88.4 | |
Gynecological cancer | 22 | 1740 | 1.385 | 1.139-1.630 | 110.22*** | 80.9 | |
Breast cancer | 20 | 1622 | 1.153 | 0.857-1.448 | 141.59*** | 86.6 | |
Digestive tract cancer | 11 | 1020 | 1.371 | 1.024-1.718 | 58.7*** | 83.0 | |
Cancer stage | 0.777 | ||||||
Advanced | 22 | 2175 | 1.178 | 0.923-1.434 | 154.64*** | 86.4 | |
Early | 7 | 512 | 1.271 | 0.687-1.855 | 54.27*** | 88.9 | |
Patients’ selection | 0.114 | ||||||
Nonselective | 111 | 11241 | 1.322 | 1.201-1.444 | 932.67*** | 88.2 | |
Selective | 20 | 1327 | 1.152 | 0.906-1.399 | 81.57*** | 76.7 | |
Intervention format | <0.001 | ||||||
Individual | 28 | 2287 | 1.575 | 1.266-1.884 | 277.89*** | 90.3 | |
Other formats | 81 | 8285 | 1.161 | 1.045-1.276 | 464.52*** | 82.8 | |
Appropriate randomization | 0.458 | ||||||
No | 21 | 2018 | 1.245 | 0.955-1.535 | 172.30*** | 88.4 | |
Yes | 26 | 2508 | 1.383 | 1.140-1.627 | 187.05*** | 86.6 | |
Questionnaires | <0.001 | ||||||
SAS | 113 | 10918 | 1.276 | 1.163-1.390 | 810.72*** | 86.2 | |
HAMA | 9 | 624 | 1.295 | 0.856-1.733 | 48.06*** | 83.4 | |
STAI | 4 | 546 | 1.800 | 0.717-2.884 | 83.95*** | 96.4 | |
SAI | 4 | 420 | 1.639 | 0.916-2.362 | 30.86*** | 90.3 | |
Timing of assessmentc
| 0.246 | ||||||
≤1 week | 10 | 1211 | 1.224 | 0.881-1.566 | 64.58*** | 86.1 | |
2 weeks-4 weeks | 24 | 2519 | 1.207 | 0.986-1.427 | 145.26*** | 84.2 | |
6 weeks-8 weeks | 14 | 1294 | 1.283 | 0.920-1.646 | 114.14*** | 88.6 | |
>8 weeks | 8 | 658 | 1.021 | 0.801-1.241 | 12.10 | 42.2 |