Background
Materials and methods
Search strategy
Data extractions
Inclusion Criteria | |
1. The study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT); | |
2. studies compared NSAIDS with placebo for orthodontic pain using quantitative outcome data; | |
3. As for the experiment intervention, Participators were not allowed to be currently taking any antibiotics or analgesics, with no teeth extractions at least two weeks before the appointment and on contraindications or adverse reactions to NSAIDS; | |
4. The outcomes of pain perception were measured by either visual analog scale (VAS) or a questionnaire for pain perception; | |
5. Duration of follow-up was assessed and defined as short term (eg: 2 h, 6 h, 24 h,7 days). | |
Exclusion Criteria | |
1. Studies were cohort studies, review articles, case reports, descriptive studies, opinion articles, and abstracts; | |
2. The subjects had systemic disease or chronic pain or histories of neurologic and psychiatric disorders; | |
3. Patients had any acute or chronic dental, periodontal or gingival problems which could cause pain. |
Risk of bias assessment
Data synthesis and analysis
Results
Search results
Study | Country | Design | Age (years) | Sex (% female) | Orthodontic treatment | Interventions | Evaluation intervals | Outcome measures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bernhardt 2001 [11] | America | RCT | Mean12 | 51% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),placebo | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Farzanegan 2012 [12] | Iran | RCT | 13–18 | 100% | archwire placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),placebo, chewing gum,soft viscoelastic wafer, and hard viscoelastic wafer | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Kohli 2011 [13] | India | RCT | 13–20 | 50% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg), placebo | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Minor 2009 [14] | America | RCT | 13–30 | 25% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),placebo | 2 h, 6 h, bedtime,awakening,24 h | VAS |
Patel 2011 [15] | America | RCT | 18–30 | 46% | separator placement | Ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, acetaminophen, placebo (OTC) | 2 h, 6 h, bedtime,awakening,24 h | VAS |
Polat 2005 [16] | Turkey | RCT | 10–24 | 38% | archwire placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),placebo, naproxen sodium | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Salmassian 2009 [17] | America | RCT | 12–18 | 48% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),acetaminophen(600 mg),placebo | 0 h,3 h, 7 h, 19 h,24 h, 31 h,48 h, 3 d,4d, 7 d | VAS |
Sudhakar 2014 [18] | India | RCT | 14–21 | 50% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),acetaminophen(650 mg),aspirin(300 mg),placebo | 2 h, 6 h, bedtime,24 h,2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Gupta 2014 [19] | India | RCT | 15–22 | 49% | archwire placement | Acetaminophen(500 mg), etoricoxib(60 mg), placebo | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h,2d,3d | VAS |
Eslamian 2017 [20] | Iran | RCT | 14–20 | 68% | separator placement | Naproxen, placebo | 2 h, 6 h, 24 h,2d,3d,7d | VAS |
Nik 2016 [21] | Iran | RCT | Mean15 | 56% | separator placement | Acetaminophen(650 mg), ibuprofen(400 mg), and placebo | 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, bedtime, 24 h | VAS |
Kaur 2019 [22] | India | RCT | Mean15 | 70% | separator placement | Acetaminophen(500 mg), verbal behavior modification, placebo | 6 h, 24 h,2d,3d,4d,5d,6d,7d | VAS |