Background
Methods
Results
Authors | Year | N | Patient population | Percent on mechanical ventilation | PEEP (cm H2O) | Gold standard comparison | Mean CVP or RAP | Patient position | Sonographer | Other notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taniguchi et al. [19] | 2015 | 90 | Elective right heart catheterization | 0 % | n/a | RAP | 8 mmHg | Supine | Sonographer | 9 % post-heart transplant |
Sobczyk et al. [24] | 2015 | 50 | Elective cardiac surgery | 100 % | 4.5 | CVP | 6.7 mmHg | Supine | Sonographer | |
Tsutsui et al. [22] | 2014 | 75 | Decompensated heart failure | 0 % | n/a | RAP | 13 mmHg | Supine | Sonographer | |
Zhang et al. [21] | 2014 | 72 | Gastrointestinal surgery with hypovolemia | 0 % | n/a | CVP | 3 mmHg | Supine | Sonographer | Repeated after fluids |
Citilcioglu et al. [25] | 2014 | 45 | ER patients with invasive monitor | 24 % | 5 | CVP | 7.7 mmHg (8.7 mmHg with mechanical ventilation) | Supine |
a
| |
Prekker et al. [26] | 2013 | 65 | Medical ICU patients | 0 % | n/a | CVP | 7 mmHg (median) | Supine | MD in IM, ICU, ER | |
De Lorenzo et al. [27] | 2012 | 65 | ER and ICU patients with critical illness | 43 % |
a
| CVP | 10.4 cmH2O | Supine | ER MD or RN, ICU MD | Subxiphoid views in 57 patients |
Patel et al. [16] | 2011 | 36 | Decompensated heart failure | 0 % | n/a | RAP | 11 mmHg | Supine | Sonographer | 20 % moderate TR 8 % severe TR 25 % AF |
Yildirimturk et al. [15] | 2011 | 39 | Rheumatic mitral stenosis | 0 % | n/a | RAP | 9.7 mmHg | Supine | Sonographer | 44 % in AF |
Nagdev et al. [28] | 2010 | 73 | Critical ER patients with central catheter | 19 % |
a
| CVP | 10.5 mmHg | Supine | ER MD | |
Schefold et al. [29] | 2010 | 30 | Severe sepsis, septic shock | 100 % | 12 | CVP | 15 cmH2O | Supine | ICU MD | |
Arthur et al. [10] | 2009 | 95 | Elective cardiac surgery | 100 % | 0; ventilator turned off | CVP | 14.5 mmHg | Supine | Anesthesia MD | TEE only |
Lorsomradee et al. [11] | 2007 | 70 | Elective cardiac surgery | 100 % | 0, 5, 10 | CVP | 11, 12, 14 mmHg | Supine | Anesthesia MD | TEE only |
Brennan et al. [18] | 2007 | 102 | Elective right heart catheterization | 0 % | n/a | RAP | 7 mmHg | Supine | Sonographer | 9 % in AF 30 % post-heart transplant |
Ommen et al. [30] | 2000 | 71 | Cardiac catheterization lab | 0 % | n/a | RAP |
a
| Supine |
a
| |
Nagueh et al. [31] | 1996 | 35 | Elective right heart catheterization or critical illness | 34 % |
a
| RAP | 9 mmHg | Supine | Sonographer | |
Jue et al. [12] | 1992 | 49 | ICU or CCU | 100 % |
a
| RAP |
a
|
a
|
a
| |
Kircher et al. [3] | 1990 | 83 | Cardiac catheterization lab | 0 % | n/a | RAP | 11 mmHg |
a
| Sonographer | |
Simonson et al. [32] | 1988 | 27 | Awake patients with pulmonary arterial catheters | 0 % | n/a | RAP |
a
| Supine |
a
| |
Moreno et al. [17] | 1984 | 175 | 80 healthy volunteers; 95 with cardiac abnormalities; 65 with right heart catheterization | 0 % | n/a | RAP | >7 mmHg in 35/65 patients |
a
| Sonographer | 17 % in AF |
Mintz et al. [20] | 1981 | 50 | Elective right heart catheterization | 0 % | n/a | RAP |
a
| Supine | Sonographer | BSA adjusted |
Measurement time-point | Study | N | Mean CVP or RAP | Correlation coefficient | p-value | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entire respiratory cycle | Taniguchi et al., [19] | 90 | 8.0 | 0.67 | <0.05 | |
Yildirimturk et al., [15] | 22 | 9.7 | 0.62 | <0.005 | Patients with normal sinus rhythm only; When all patients (n = 39) included, r = 0.51 (p < 0.005). | |
Patel et al., [16] | 36 | 11.0 | 0.56 | <0.001 | ||
Brennan et al., [18] | 91 | 7.0 | 0.50 |
a
| ||
Ommen et al., [30] | 71 |
a
| 0.86 | <0.001 | ||
Moreno et al., [17] | 65 |
a
| 0.40 |
a
| ||
End-expiration | Citilcioglu et al., [25] | 34 | 7.7 |
a
| 0.002 | |
Tsutsui et al., [22] | 71 | 13.0 | 0.40 | <0.0001 | ||
Zhang et al., [21] | 40 | 3.0 | 0.59 | <0.01 | ||
Prekker et al., [26] | 65 | 7.0 | 0.76 | <0.05 | Study reports median CVP/RAP | |
De Lorenzo et al., [27] | 57 | 10.4 | 0.47 | <0.05 | 43 % of patient received mechanical ventilation | |
Nagdev et al., [28] | 73 | 10.5 | 0.66 | <0.05 | 19 % of patients received mechanical ventilation | |
Nagueh et al., [31] | 23 | 9.0 | 0.40 | 0.05 | ||
Kircher et al., [3] | 83 |
a
| 0.48 |
a
| ||
Mintz et al., [20] | 50 |
a
| 0.72 | <0.001 | ||
End-inspiration | Citilcioglu et al., [25] | 34 | 7.7 |
a
| 0.001 | |
Tsutsui et al., [22] | 71 | 13.0 | 0.49 | <0.0001 | minimum diameter during sniff | |
De Lorenzo et al., [27] | 29 | 10.4 | 0.69 | <0.05 | extrapolated from data provided | |
Nagdev et al., [28] | 73 | 10.5 | 0.78 | <0.05 | ||
Kircher et al., [3] | 83 |
a
| 0.71 |
a
| ||
Simonson et al., [32] | 27 |
a
| 0.56 |
a
| minimum diameter during inspiration | |
Simonson et al., [32] | 27 |
a
| 0.35 |
a
|
Type of inspiration | Study | N | Mean CVP or RAP | Correlation coefficient | p-value | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Passive | Taniguchi et al., [19] | 90 | 8.0 | −0.57 | <0.05 | Study reports median CVP/RAP |
Zhang et al., [21] | 72 | 3.0 | −0.27 | 0.017 | ||
Prekker et al., [26] | 65 | 7.0 | −0.40 | <0.05 | Study reports median CVP/RAP | |
Yildirimturk et al., [15] | 22 | 9.7 | −0.49 | <0.05 | ||
Nagdev et al., [28] | 73 | 10.5 | −0.74 | <0.05 | ||
Brennan et al., [18] | 91 | 7.0 | −0.50 |
a
| ||
Kircher et al., [3] | 83 |
a
| −0.75 |
a
| ||
Moreno et al., [17] | 65 |
a
| −0.71 |
a
| ||
Sniff | Taniguchi et al., [19] | 90 | 8.0 | −0.63 | <0.05 | Study reports median CVP/RAP |
Tsutsui et al., [22] | 71 | 13.0 | −0.41 | <0.0001 | ||
Patel et al., [16] | 34 | 11.0 | −0.49 | 0.006 | ||
Brennan et al., [18] | 91 | 7.0 | −0.54 |
a
| ||
Nagueh et al., [31] | 23 | 9.0 | −0.76 | <0.001 |
Parameter | Study | N | Parameter cut-point | Outcome | Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive predictive value | Negative predictive value | Area under ROC curve |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IVCmax | Taniguchi et al., [19] | 90 | ≥2.0 cm | RAP ≥ 10 mmHg |
b
|
b
|
b
|
b
| 0.83a |
Prekker et al., [26] | 65 | <2.0 cm | CVP < 10 mmHg | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.91a | |
Patel et al., [16] | 40 | ≥2.0 cm | RAP > 10 mmHg | 0.89 | 0.67 |
b
|
b
| 0.76a | |
Brennan et al., [18] | 46 | >2.0 cm | RAP > 10 mmHg | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.62 | 0.90 | 0.76a | |
Moreno et al., [17] | 65 | >2.3 cm | RAP > 7 mmHg | 0.40 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.58 |
b
| |
IVCCI (passive) | Taniguchi et al., [19] | 90 | <25 % | RAP ≥ 10 mmHg |
b
|
b
|
b
|
b
| 0.79a |
Prekker et al., [26] | 65 | >50 % | CVP < 10 mmHg | 0.47 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.50 | 0.66a | |
Patel et al., [16] | 40 | <40 % | RAP > 10 mmHg |
b
|
b
|
b
|
b
| 0.67 | |
Nagdev et al., [28] | 73 | >50 % | CVP < 8 mmHg | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 0.93a | |
Brennan et al., [18] | 46 | <20 % | RAP > 10 mmHg | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.57 | 0.90 | 0.93a | |
Moreno et al., [17] | 65 | <40 % | RAP > 7 mmHg | 0.91 | 0.9 | 0.91 | 0.90 |
b
| |
IVCCI (sniff) | Taniguchi et al., [19] | 90 | <50 % | RAP ≥ 10 mmHg |
b
|
b
|
b
|
b
| 0.83a |
Brennan et al., [18] | 46 | <40 % | RAP > 10 mmHg | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.62 | 0.90 | 0.91a | |
Nagueh et al., [31] | 23 | <50 % | RAP > 8 mmHg | 0.72 | 0.76 |
b
|
b
|
b
| |
Kircher et al., [3] | 83 | <50 % | RAP > 10 mmHg | 0.87 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.92 |
b
| |
IVCmax and IVCCI (passive) | Patel et al., [16] | 40 | ≥2.0 cm and <40 % | RAP > 15 mmHg | 0.86 | 0.73 |
b
|
b
|
b
|
Patel et al., [16] | 40 | ≥2.0 cm and <40 % | RAP > 10 mmHg | 0.60 | 0.83 |
b
|
b
|
b
|
Parameter | Study | N | Mean CVP or RAP (mmHg) | PEEP (cm H2O) | Correlation coefficient | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IVCmax | Sobczyk et al., [24] | 50 | 6.7 | 4.5 | 0.18 | 0.034 |
Nagueh et al., [31] | 12 | 9.0 | * | 0.4 | NS | |
IVCe | Citilcioglu et al., [25] | 11 | 8.7 | 5.0 | * | NS |
Schefold et al., [29] | 30 | 15.0a | 12.0 | 0.56 | 0.001 | |
Arthur et al., [10] | 95 | 14.5 | 0 | 0.86 | <0.0001 | |
Lorsomradee et al., [11] | 70 | 10.0 | 0 | 0.8 | <0.001 | |
Lorsomradee et al., [11] | 70 | 14.0 | 10.0 | 0.27 | NS | |
Jue et al., [12] | 49 | * | * | 0.58 | 0.001 | |
Citilcioglu et al., [25] | 11 | 8.7 | 5.0 | * | NS | |
De Lorenzo et al., [27] | 29b | 10.4 | * | 0.26 | NS | |
IVCi | Schefold et al., [29] | 30 | 15.0a | 12.0 | 0.51 | 0.004 |
Sobczyk et al., [24] | 50 | 6.7 | 4.5 | −0.19 | 0.008 | |
Nagueh et al., [31] | 12 | 9.0 | * | 0.24 | NS | |
IVCCI | Jue et al., [12] | 49 | * | * | 0.13 | NS |
Nagueh et al., [31] | 12 | 9.0 | * | 0.24 | NS | |
Jue et al., [12] | 49 | * | * | 0.13 | NS |