Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Spine Journal 12/2015

01.12.2015 | Original Article

The evaluation of cervical spine mobility without significant spondylosis by kMRI

verfasst von: Chengjie Xiong, Akinobu Suzuki, Michael D. Daubs, Trevor Scott, Kevin Phan, Jeffrey Wang

Erschienen in: European Spine Journal | Ausgabe 12/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Study design

Retrospective analysis of kinetic magnetic resonance images (kMRI).

Objective

To analyse the kinematics of cervical spine inpatients without significant spondylosis and to understand the normal movement of the cervical spine as reference for future comparison.

Summary of background data

Although some studies have been conducted to describe the normal mobility of the cervical spine, prior studies did not establish a relationship between the kinematics of cervical spine and disc degeneration. Only a few studies of the kinematics of the non-degenerated cervical spine have been reported; however, they focused on single level and not all the levels of cervical spine.

Methods

468 symptomatic patients underwent upright cervical kMRI, and cervical disc degeneration was evaluated with a new grading system. This grading system consists of four grades (0–III), and the cervical spines with grade 0 and grade I discs were included in this study. Finally, 61 symptomatic patients were studied 34 male and 27 female with an average age of 41.9 years. kMRI was used to define the normal mobility of the cervical spine by calculating the translation motion, angular variation and percentage angular contribution to the total cervical spine.

Results

The translation motion of the cervical spine at each level was 0.85 ± 1.22 mm at C2/3, 1.05 ± 1.19 mm at C3/4, 0.63 ± 1.19 mm at C4/5, 0.57 ± 0.91 mm at C5/6, 0.16 ± 0.86 mm at C6/7 and −0.11 ± 0.81 at C7/T1. In general, the translation motion decreased from proximal segment to distal segment. The angular variation of the cervical spine at each level was 5.58 ± 3.86° at C2/3, 8.26 ± 4.81° at C3/4, 9.11 ± 4.87° at C4/5, 10.05 ± 5.26° at C5/6, 8.31 ± 4.30° at C6/7 and 4.87 ± 3.28 ° at C7/T1. The angular variation at C2/3 and C7/T1 was significantly lower compared to other levels (P < 0.05). The contribution of each cervical level to the total angular mobility of cervical spine was the greatest at C5/6 (21.68 ± 10.31 %) and least at C7/T1 (11.11 ± 7.60 %) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the normal cervical segmental mobility for the entire cervical spine using kMRI. These results will be helpful to understand the normal mobility of the cervical spine and for understanding the relationship between kinematics of the cervical spine and disc degeneration for future comparisons.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Dreyer SJ, Boden SD (1998) Nonoperative treatment of neck and arm pain. Spine 23(24):2746–2754CrossRefPubMed Dreyer SJ, Boden SD (1998) Nonoperative treatment of neck and arm pain. Spine 23(24):2746–2754CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsumoto M, Okada E, Ichihara D, Watanabe K, Chiba K, Toyama Y, Fujiwara H, Momoshima S, Nishiwaki Y, Iwanami A (2010) Anterior cervical decompression and fusion accelerates adjacent segment degeneration: comparison with asymptomatic volunteers in a ten-year magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study. Spine 35(1):36–43CrossRefPubMed Matsumoto M, Okada E, Ichihara D, Watanabe K, Chiba K, Toyama Y, Fujiwara H, Momoshima S, Nishiwaki Y, Iwanami A (2010) Anterior cervical decompression and fusion accelerates adjacent segment degeneration: comparison with asymptomatic volunteers in a ten-year magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study. Spine 35(1):36–43CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Hwang S-H, Kayanja M, Milks RA, Benzel EC (2007) Biomechanical comparison of adjacent segmental motion after ventral cervical fixation with varying angles of lordosis. Spine J 7(2):216–221CrossRefPubMed Hwang S-H, Kayanja M, Milks RA, Benzel EC (2007) Biomechanical comparison of adjacent segmental motion after ventral cervical fixation with varying angles of lordosis. Spine J 7(2):216–221CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Frobin W, Leivseth G, Biggemann M, Brinckmann P (2002) Sagittal plane segmental motion of the cervical spine. A new precision measurement protocol and normal motion data of healthy adults. Clin Biomech 17(1):21–31CrossRef Frobin W, Leivseth G, Biggemann M, Brinckmann P (2002) Sagittal plane segmental motion of the cervical spine. A new precision measurement protocol and normal motion data of healthy adults. Clin Biomech 17(1):21–31CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Penning L (1978) Normal movements of the cervical spine. Am J Roentgenol 130(2):317–326CrossRef Penning L (1978) Normal movements of the cervical spine. Am J Roentgenol 130(2):317–326CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Boos N (2001) Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 26(17):1873–1878CrossRefPubMed Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Boos N (2001) Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 26(17):1873–1878CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki A DM, Hayashi T, Ruangchainikom M, Xiong C, Phan K, Scott TP, Wang JC (2014) Magnetic resonance classification system of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration—its validity and meaning. J Spinal Disord Tech Suzuki A DM, Hayashi T, Ruangchainikom M, Xiong C, Phan K, Scott TP, Wang JC (2014) Magnetic resonance classification system of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration—its validity and meaning. J Spinal Disord Tech
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Morishita Y, Hida S, Miyazaki M, Hong S-W, Zou J, Wei F, Naito M, Wang JC (2008) The effects of the degenerative changes in the functional spinal unit on the kinematics of the cervical spine. Spine 33(6):E178–E182CrossRefPubMed Morishita Y, Hida S, Miyazaki M, Hong S-W, Zou J, Wei F, Naito M, Wang JC (2008) The effects of the degenerative changes in the functional spinal unit on the kinematics of the cervical spine. Spine 33(6):E178–E182CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bogduk N, Mercer S (2000) Biomechanics of the cervical spine. I: normal kinematics. Clin Biomech 15(9):633–648CrossRef Bogduk N, Mercer S (2000) Biomechanics of the cervical spine. I: normal kinematics. Clin Biomech 15(9):633–648CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyazaki M, Hong SW, Yoon SH, Zou J, Tow B, Alanay A, Abitbol J-J, Wang JC (2008) Kinematic analysis of the relationship between the grade of disc degeneration and motion unit of the cervical spine. Spine 33(2):187–193CrossRefPubMed Miyazaki M, Hong SW, Yoon SH, Zou J, Tow B, Alanay A, Abitbol J-J, Wang JC (2008) Kinematic analysis of the relationship between the grade of disc degeneration and motion unit of the cervical spine. Spine 33(2):187–193CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Fei Z, Fan C, Ngo S, Xu J, Wang J (2011) Dynamic evaluation of cervical disc herniation using kinetic MRI. J Clin Neurosci 18(2):232–236CrossRefPubMed Fei Z, Fan C, Ngo S, Xu J, Wang J (2011) Dynamic evaluation of cervical disc herniation using kinetic MRI. J Clin Neurosci 18(2):232–236CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyazaki M, Hong SW, Yoon SH, Morishita Y, Wang JC (2008) Reliability of a magnetic resonance imaging-based grading system for cervical intervertebral disc degeneration. J Spinal Disord Tech 21(4):288–292CrossRefPubMed Miyazaki M, Hong SW, Yoon SH, Morishita Y, Wang JC (2008) Reliability of a magnetic resonance imaging-based grading system for cervical intervertebral disc degeneration. J Spinal Disord Tech 21(4):288–292CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Reitman CA, Mauro KM, Nguyen L, Ziegler JM, Hipp JA (2004) Intervertebral motion between flexion and extension in asymptomatic individuals. Spine 29(24):2832–2843CrossRefPubMed Reitman CA, Mauro KM, Nguyen L, Ziegler JM, Hipp JA (2004) Intervertebral motion between flexion and extension in asymptomatic individuals. Spine 29(24):2832–2843CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Eck JC, Humphreys SC, Lim T-H, Jeong ST, Kim JG, Hodges SD, An HS (2002) Biomechanical study on the effect of cervical spine fusion on adjacent-level intradiscal pressure and segmental motion. Spine 27(22):2431–2434CrossRefPubMed Eck JC, Humphreys SC, Lim T-H, Jeong ST, Kim JG, Hodges SD, An HS (2002) Biomechanical study on the effect of cervical spine fusion on adjacent-level intradiscal pressure and segmental motion. Spine 27(22):2431–2434CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe S, Inoue N, Yamaguchi T, Hirano Y, Orías AAE, Nishida S, Hirose Y, Mizuno J (2012) Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the cervical spine after anterior cervical decompression and fusion at an adjacent level: a preliminary report. Eur Spine J 21(5):946–955PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Watanabe S, Inoue N, Yamaguchi T, Hirano Y, Orías AAE, Nishida S, Hirose Y, Mizuno J (2012) Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the cervical spine after anterior cervical decompression and fusion at an adjacent level: a preliminary report. Eur Spine J 21(5):946–955PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruangchainikom M, Daubs MD, Suzuki A, Hayashi T, Weintraub G, Lee CJ, Inoue H, Tian H, Aghdasi B, Scott TP (2014) Effect of cervical kyphotic deformity type on the motion characteristics and dynamic spinal cord compression. Spine 39(12):932–938CrossRefPubMed Ruangchainikom M, Daubs MD, Suzuki A, Hayashi T, Weintraub G, Lee CJ, Inoue H, Tian H, Aghdasi B, Scott TP (2014) Effect of cervical kyphotic deformity type on the motion characteristics and dynamic spinal cord compression. Spine 39(12):932–938CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
The evaluation of cervical spine mobility without significant spondylosis by kMRI
verfasst von
Chengjie Xiong
Akinobu Suzuki
Michael D. Daubs
Trevor Scott
Kevin Phan
Jeffrey Wang
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Spine Journal / Ausgabe 12/2015
Print ISSN: 0940-6719
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0932
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-4101-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2015

European Spine Journal 12/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.