The evolving spectrum of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)

Excerpt

The incidence of endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) has increased recently. Most ECAs are causally related to persistent infection with oncogenic high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) (HPV-associated) while about 20% are HPV-independent. The current 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification classifies ECA largely on the basis of poorly reproducible morphological features and does not reflect the clinically relevant HPV-associated and HPV-independent pathways, the latter typically presenting at higher stage and having a worse prognosis [1]. Recently, a new International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) scheme has been proposed which divides ECA into HPV-associated and HPV-independent types [2]. The new WHO Classification to be published in 2020 will also classify ECA as HPV-associated and HPV-independent. …