Background
Method
Patients
Samples | Statistics | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
MDD | BP I | BP II | ||
N
| 61 | 59 | 43 | |
Male/female | 25/36 | 35/24 | 24/19 |
X
2
(2) = 4.17, p = .11 |
Mean age (SD) | 35.60 (12.35) | 35.12 (10.35) | 36.00 (15.21) |
F(2, 160) = 0.06, p = .94 |
Clinical state during interview: | ||||
Recovery | 34/61 (56%) | 34/59 (58%) | 21/43 (49%) |
X
2
(2) = 0.83, p = .66 |
MDD | 26/61 (43%) | 23/59 (39%) | 18/43 (42%) |
X
2
(2) = 1.07, p = .59 |
Mania | 0/61 (0%) | 5/59 (8%) | 0/43 (0%) |
X
2
(2) = 9.10, p = .01 |
Hypomania | 1/61 (2%) | 3/59 (5%) | 5/43 (12%) |
X
2
(2) = 1.46, p = .48 |
Age at onset of illness (years: M (SD) | 32.63 (10.92) | 29.74 (8.89) | 31.00 (11.09) |
F(2, 160) = 1.19, p = .31 |
Duration of illness (years: M (SD) | 3.78 (3.99) | 5.34 (4.23) | 6.39 (6.14) |
F(2, 160) = 4.04, p = .02 |
Number of affective episodes | 1.74 (0.87) | 2.36 (1.24) | 3.65 (1.60) |
F(2, 160) = 30.76, p = .00 |
Instruments
Statistical analyses
Results
General results
Comparison of the HCL-32 scores of the Iranian sample with data from samples of patients suffering from MDD and BP from Northern Europe, South America and East Asia
Samples from other countries | |||
---|---|---|---|
Northern Europe | South America | East Asia | |
N
| 672 | 423 | 631 |
HCL-32 total score (M and SD) | 17.10 (6.00) | 16.45 (6.05) | 15.50 (6.70) |
Iranian sample | |||
MDD (N = 61) | |||
HCL-32 total score (M and SD) | 17.26 (6.39) | 17.26 (6.39) | 17.26 (6.39) |
t-tests (df = 60) |
t = 0.20; p = .84 |
t = 0.99; p = .32 |
t = 2.15; p = .041
|
Effect sizes d
| 0.025 | 0.085 | 0.2681
|
BP (N = 102) | |||
HCL-32 total score (M and SD) | 19.83 (5.50) | 19.83 (5.50) | 19.83 (5.50) |
t-tests (df = 101) | t = 8.96; p = .000 |
t = 6.21; p = .000 |
t = 7.95; p = .000 |
Effect sizes d
| 0.47 | 0.58 | 0.71 |
Sensitivity and specificity of the HCL-32 scores with respect to the diagnoses
Reducing the 32 items to factors
Factors | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Favorable dimensions | Unfavorable dimensions | |||
Physically and mentally active | Positive social interactions | Risky behavior and substance use | Difficulties in social interaction and impatience | |
I am physically more active |
.675
| .189 | -.059 | .094 |
I engage in lots of new things |
.636
| .080 | .180 | -.083 |
I enjoy my work more |
.623
| .122 | -.053 | -.161 |
I am more interested in sex/..have increased sexual desire |
.608
| -.083 | .137 | .367 |
I am more confident |
.605
| .374 | -.065 | .001 |
I have more ideas |
.526
| .221 | .322 | -.067 |
I think faster |
.593
| .114 | .063 | .272 |
I do things more quickly |
.500
| .360 | .025 | -.208 |
I feel more energetic |
498
| .278. | .111 | .003 |
I talk more | .155 |
.656
| .089 | .193 |
I am more sociable | .211 |
.618
| .032 | -.233 |
I am less shy | .003 |
.563
| .320 | .054 |
I want to meet or do actually meet more people | .180 |
.559
| -.037 | .093 |
I tend to drive faster | .065 | .061 |
.661
| -.006 |
I drink more coffee | .025 | .085 |
.617
| -.135 |
I drink more alcohol | .032 | .107 |
.581
| .137 |
I take more risks in my daily life | .182 | -.171 |
.560
| .462 |
I smoke more cigarettes | .009 | .059 |
.499
| .133 |
I can be exhausting or irritating for others | .164 | -.035 | .059 |
.688
|
I get into more quarrels | -.062 | .158 | .129 |
.627
|
I am more impatient/...get irritable more easily | -.270 | .028 | -.070 |
.539
|
My thoughts jump from topic to topic | -.078 | .265 | .072 |
.462
|