Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Neurological Sciences 2/2020

11.11.2019 | Original Article

The (fatalistic) present as experienced by individuals with Alzheimer’s disease: a preliminary study

verfasst von: Mohamad El Haj, Dimitrios Kapogiannis, Pascal Antoine

Erschienen in: Neurological Sciences | Ausgabe 2/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

The “time perspectives theory” describes how individuals emphasize some time frames over others (e.g., present vs. future) and thus create their unique approach to time perception. Building on this theory, we investigated three time orientations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD): (1) present-hedonistic orientation, which focuses on current sensations and pleasures without considering the future, (2) present-fatalistic orientation, characterized by a bias of hopelessness and helplessness toward the future, and (3) future orientation, which focuses on achieving personal goals and future consequences of present actions.

Methods

Participants with mild AD (n = 30) and controls (n = 33) were assessed with a questionnaire regarding time perspectives and a questionnaire of depression.

Results

Results demonstrated low future orientation and high present-fatalistic orientation in AD participants, whereas older adults demonstrated the reverse pattern. Depression positively correlated with fatalistic-present orientation, but negatively correlated with hedonistic-present and future orientations.

Discussion

Although our findings are preliminary and the sample size is small, depression in mild AD seems to be related with a fatalistic orientation toward the present, as well as a hopeless and helpless perspective on the future, an orientation that results in little desire to enjoy the present.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Irish M, Piolino P (2015) Impaired capacity for prospection in the dementias - theoretical and clinical implications. Br J Clin Psychol Irish M, Piolino P (2015) Impaired capacity for prospection in the dementias - theoretical and clinical implications. Br J Clin Psychol
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Addis DR, Sacchetti DC, Ally BA, Budson AE, Schacter DL (2009) Episodic simulation of future events is impaired in mild Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychologia. 47(12):2660–2671PubMedPubMedCentral Addis DR, Sacchetti DC, Ally BA, Budson AE, Schacter DL (2009) Episodic simulation of future events is impaired in mild Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychologia. 47(12):2660–2671PubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Zurück zum Zitat El Haj M, Antoine P, Kapogiannis D (2015) Similarity between remembering the past and imagining the future in Alzheimer’s disease: implication of episodic memory. Neuropsychologia. 66(0):119–125PubMed El Haj M, Antoine P, Kapogiannis D (2015) Similarity between remembering the past and imagining the future in Alzheimer’s disease: implication of episodic memory. Neuropsychologia. 66(0):119–125PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat El Haj M, Antoine P, Kapogiannis D (2015) Flexibility decline contributes to similarity of past and future thinking in Alzheimer’s disease. Hippocampus. 25(11):1447–1455PubMedPubMedCentral El Haj M, Antoine P, Kapogiannis D (2015) Flexibility decline contributes to similarity of past and future thinking in Alzheimer’s disease. Hippocampus. 25(11):1447–1455PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimbardo P, Boyd JN (1999) Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual-differences metric. J Pers Soc Psychol 77(6):1271–1288 Zimbardo P, Boyd JN (1999) Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual-differences metric. J Pers Soc Psychol 77(6):1271–1288
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Cotelli M, Manenti R, Zanetti O (2012) Reminiscence therapy in dementia: a review. Maturitas. 72(3):203–205PubMed Cotelli M, Manenti R, Zanetti O (2012) Reminiscence therapy in dementia: a review. Maturitas. 72(3):203–205PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Moos I, Björn A (2006) Use of the life story in the institutional care of people with dementia: a review of intervention studies. Ageing Soc 26(03):431–454 Moos I, Björn A (2006) Use of the life story in the institutional care of people with dementia: a review of intervention studies. Ageing Soc 26(03):431–454
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Cappeliez P (2013) Neglected issues and new orientations for research and practice in reminiscence and life review. Int J Reminiscence Life Rev 1(1):19–25 Cappeliez P (2013) Neglected issues and new orientations for research and practice in reminiscence and life review. Int J Reminiscence Life Rev 1(1):19–25
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Holtzer R, Scarmeas N, Wegesin DJ, Albert M, Brandt J, Dubois B, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Stern Y (2005) Depressive symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease: natural course and temporal relation to function and cognitive status. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(12):2083–2089PubMed Holtzer R, Scarmeas N, Wegesin DJ, Albert M, Brandt J, Dubois B, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Stern Y (2005) Depressive symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease: natural course and temporal relation to function and cognitive status. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(12):2083–2089PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Verkaik R, Nuyen J, Schellevis F, Francke A (2007) The relationship between severity of Alzheimer’s disease and prevalence of comorbid depressive symptoms and depression: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 22(11):1063–1086PubMed Verkaik R, Nuyen J, Schellevis F, Francke A (2007) The relationship between severity of Alzheimer’s disease and prevalence of comorbid depressive symptoms and depression: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 22(11):1063–1086PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat El Haj M, Antoine P (2016) Death preparation and boredom reduction as functions of reminiscence in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 54(2):515–523PubMed El Haj M, Antoine P (2016) Death preparation and boredom reduction as functions of reminiscence in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 54(2):515–523PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore M, Höfer S, McGee H, Ring L (2005) Can the concepts of depression and quality of life be integrated using a time perspective? Health Qual Life Outcomes 3(1):1–10PubMedPubMedCentral Moore M, Höfer S, McGee H, Ring L (2005) Can the concepts of depression and quality of life be integrated using a time perspective? Health Qual Life Outcomes 3(1):1–10PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Pavot W, Diener E, Suh E (1998) The temporal datisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess 70(2):340–354 Pavot W, Diener E, Suh E (1998) The temporal datisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess 70(2):340–354
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Nurmi J-E, Pulliainen H, Salmela-Aro K (1992) Age differences in adults’ control beliefs related to life goals and concerns. Psychol Aging 7(2):194–196PubMed Nurmi J-E, Pulliainen H, Salmela-Aro K (1992) Age differences in adults’ control beliefs related to life goals and concerns. Psychol Aging 7(2):194–196PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Drake L, Duncan E, Sutherland F, Abernethy C, Henry C (2008) Time perspective and correlates of wellbeing. Time Soc 17(1):47–61 Drake L, Duncan E, Sutherland F, Abernethy C, Henry C (2008) Time perspective and correlates of wellbeing. Time Soc 17(1):47–61
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Maslow AH (1972) The farther reaches of human nature. Maurice Bassett, New York Maslow AH (1972) The farther reaches of human nature. Maurice Bassett, New York
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Boniwell I (2005) Beyond time management: how the latest research on time perspective and perceived time use can assist clients with time-related concerns. Int J Evid Based Coach Mentor 3(2):61–74 Boniwell I (2005) Beyond time management: how the latest research on time perspective and perceived time use can assist clients with time-related concerns. Int J Evid Based Coach Mentor 3(2):61–74
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimbardo P, Boyd J (2008) The time paradox: the new psychology of time that will change your life. Free Press, New York Zimbardo P, Boyd J (2008) The time paradox: the new psychology of time that will change your life. Free Press, New York
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Anagnostopoulos F, Griva F (2012) Exploring time perspective in Greek young adults: validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and relationships with mental health indicators. Soc Indic Res 106(1):41–59 Anagnostopoulos F, Griva F (2012) Exploring time perspective in Greek young adults: validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and relationships with mental health indicators. Soc Indic Res 106(1):41–59
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Laghi F, Baiocco R, D’Alessio M, Gurrieri G (2009) Suicidal ideation and time perspective in high school students. Eur Psychiatry 24(1):41–46PubMed Laghi F, Baiocco R, D’Alessio M, Gurrieri G (2009) Suicidal ideation and time perspective in high school students. Eur Psychiatry 24(1):41–46PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Allemand M, Hill PL, Ghaemmaghami P, Martin M (2012) Forgivingness and subjective well-being in adulthood: the moderating role of future time perspective. J Res Pers 46(1):32–39 Allemand M, Hill PL, Ghaemmaghami P, Martin M (2012) Forgivingness and subjective well-being in adulthood: the moderating role of future time perspective. J Res Pers 46(1):32–39
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Coudin G, Lima ML (2011) Being well as time goes by: future time perspective and well-being. Int J Psychol Psychol Ther 11(2):219–232 Coudin G, Lima ML (2011) Being well as time goes by: future time perspective and well-being. Int J Psychol Psychol Ther 11(2):219–232
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Desmyter F, De Raedt R (2012) The relationship between time perspective and subjective well-being of older adults. Psychol Belg 52(1):19–38 Desmyter F, De Raedt R (2012) The relationship between time perspective and subjective well-being of older adults. Psychol Belg 52(1):19–38
24.
Zurück zum Zitat De Raedt R, Van Der Speeten N (2008) Discrepancies between direct and indirect measures of death anxiety disappear in old age. Depress Anxiety 25(8):E11–EE7PubMed De Raedt R, Van Der Speeten N (2008) Discrepancies between direct and indirect measures of death anxiety disappear in old age. Depress Anxiety 25(8):E11–EE7PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Shifflett PA (1987) Future time perspective, past experiences, and negotiation of food use patterns among the aged. The Gerontologist 27(5):611–615PubMed Shifflett PA (1987) Future time perspective, past experiences, and negotiation of food use patterns among the aged. The Gerontologist 27(5):611–615PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack CR Jr, Kawas CH et al (2011) The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Dement 7(3):263–269 McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack CR Jr, Kawas CH et al (2011) The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Dement 7(3):263–269
27.
Zurück zum Zitat El Haj M, Jardri R, Laroi F, Antoine P (2016) Hallucinations, loneliness, and social isolation in Alzheimer’ disease. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 21(1):1–13PubMed El Haj M, Jardri R, Laroi F, Antoine P (2016) Hallucinations, loneliness, and social isolation in Alzheimer’ disease. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 21(1):1–13PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat El Haj M, Kapogiannis D, Antoine P (2016) Phenomenological reliving and visual imagery during autobiographical recall in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 52(2):421–431PubMedPubMedCentral El Haj M, Kapogiannis D, Antoine P (2016) Phenomenological reliving and visual imagery during autobiographical recall in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 52(2):421–431PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12(3):189–198PubMed Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12(3):189–198PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Grober E, Buschke H (1987) Genuine memory deficits in dementia. Dev Neuropsychol 3(1):13–36 Grober E, Buschke H (1987) Genuine memory deficits in dementia. Dev Neuropsychol 3(1):13–36
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67(6):361–370PubMed Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67(6):361–370PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Apostolidis T, Fieulaine N (2004) Validation française de l'échelle de temporalité. Rev Eur Psychol Appl 54(3):207–217 Apostolidis T, Fieulaine N (2004) Validation française de l'échelle de temporalité. Rev Eur Psychol Appl 54(3):207–217
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, Erlbaum Associates Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, Erlbaum Associates
34.
Zurück zum Zitat García LV (2004) Escaping the Bonferroni iron claw in ecological studies. Oikos. 105(3):657–663 García LV (2004) Escaping the Bonferroni iron claw in ecological studies. Oikos. 105(3):657–663
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Moran MD (2003) Arguments for rejecting the sequential Bonferroni in ecological studies. Oikos. 100(2):403–405 Moran MD (2003) Arguments for rejecting the sequential Bonferroni in ecological studies. Oikos. 100(2):403–405
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Irish M, Addis DR, Hodges JR, Piguet O (2012) Considering the role of semantic memory in episodic future thinking: evidence from semantic dementia. Brain. 135(Pt 7):2178–2191PubMed Irish M, Addis DR, Hodges JR, Piguet O (2012) Considering the role of semantic memory in episodic future thinking: evidence from semantic dementia. Brain. 135(Pt 7):2178–2191PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Craver CF, Kwan D, Steindam C, Rosenbaum RS (2014) Individuals with episodic amnesia are not stuck in time. Neuropsychologia. 57:191–195PubMed Craver CF, Kwan D, Steindam C, Rosenbaum RS (2014) Individuals with episodic amnesia are not stuck in time. Neuropsychologia. 57:191–195PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Tulving E (2002) Episodic memory: from mind to brain. Annu Rev Psychol 53:1–25PubMed Tulving E (2002) Episodic memory: from mind to brain. Annu Rev Psychol 53:1–25PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat La Corte V, George N, Pradat-Diehl P, Barba GD (2011) Distorted temporal consciousness and preserved knowing consciousness in confabulation: a case study. Behav Neurol 24(4):307–315PubMedPubMedCentral La Corte V, George N, Pradat-Diehl P, Barba GD (2011) Distorted temporal consciousness and preserved knowing consciousness in confabulation: a case study. Behav Neurol 24(4):307–315PubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Klein SB, Loftus J, Kihlstrom JF (2002) Memory and temporal experience: the effects of episodic memory loss on an amnesic patient’s ability to remember the past and imagine the future. Soc Cogn 20(5):353–379 Klein SB, Loftus J, Kihlstrom JF (2002) Memory and temporal experience: the effects of episodic memory loss on an amnesic patient’s ability to remember the past and imagine the future. Soc Cogn 20(5):353–379
42.
Zurück zum Zitat La Corte V, Serra M, Attali E, Boisse MF, Dalla BG (2010) Confabulation in Alzheimer’s disease and amnesia: a qualitative account and a new taxonomy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 16(6):967–974PubMed La Corte V, Serra M, Attali E, Boisse MF, Dalla BG (2010) Confabulation in Alzheimer’s disease and amnesia: a qualitative account and a new taxonomy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 16(6):967–974PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat El Haj M, Kapogiannis D (2016) Time distortions in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and theoretical integration. Npj Aging Mech Dis 2:16016PubMedPubMedCentral El Haj M, Kapogiannis D (2016) Time distortions in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and theoretical integration. Npj Aging Mech Dis 2:16016PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Martinelli P, Anssens A, Sperduti M, Piolino P (2013) The influence of normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease in autobiographical memory highly related to the self. Neuropsychology. 27(1):69–78PubMed Martinelli P, Anssens A, Sperduti M, Piolino P (2013) The influence of normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease in autobiographical memory highly related to the self. Neuropsychology. 27(1):69–78PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat El Haj M, Antoine P, Nandrino JL, Gely-Nargeot MC, Raffard S (2015) Self-defining memories during exposure to music in Alzheimer’s disease. Int Psychogeriatr 27(10):1719–1730PubMed El Haj M, Antoine P, Nandrino JL, Gely-Nargeot MC, Raffard S (2015) Self-defining memories during exposure to music in Alzheimer’s disease. Int Psychogeriatr 27(10):1719–1730PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Abramson LY, Metalsky GI, Alloy LB (1989) Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression. Psychol Rev 96(2):358–372 Abramson LY, Metalsky GI, Alloy LB (1989) Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression. Psychol Rev 96(2):358–372
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Beck AT, Brown G, Berchick RJ, Stewart BL, Steer RA (2006) Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients. FOCUS. 4(2):291–296 Beck AT, Brown G, Berchick RJ, Stewart BL, Steer RA (2006) Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients. FOCUS. 4(2):291–296
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunning D, Story AL (1991) Depression, realism, and the overconfidence effect: are the sadder wiser when predicting future actions and events? J Pers Soc Psychol 61(4):521–532PubMed Dunning D, Story AL (1991) Depression, realism, and the overconfidence effect: are the sadder wiser when predicting future actions and events? J Pers Soc Psychol 61(4):521–532PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Connor RC, Connery H, Cheyne WM (2000) Hopelessness: the role of depression, future directed thinking and cognitive vulnerability. Psychol Health Med 5(2):155–161PubMed O’Connor RC, Connery H, Cheyne WM (2000) Hopelessness: the role of depression, future directed thinking and cognitive vulnerability. Psychol Health Med 5(2):155–161PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Lavender A, Watkins E (2004) Rumination and future thinking in depression. Br J Clin Psychol 43(Pt 2):129–142PubMed Lavender A, Watkins E (2004) Rumination and future thinking in depression. Br J Clin Psychol 43(Pt 2):129–142PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Petkoska J, Earl JK (2009) Understanding the influence of demographic and psychological variables on retirement planning. Psychol Aging 24(1):245–251PubMed Petkoska J, Earl JK (2009) Understanding the influence of demographic and psychological variables on retirement planning. Psychol Aging 24(1):245–251PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Carstensen LL, Isaacowitz DM, Charles ST (1999) Taking time seriously. a theory of socioemotional selectivity. Am Psychol 54(3):165–181PubMed Carstensen LL, Isaacowitz DM, Charles ST (1999) Taking time seriously. a theory of socioemotional selectivity. Am Psychol 54(3):165–181PubMed
53.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Carstensen LL, Turan B, Scheibe S, Ram N, Ersner-Hershfield H, Samanez-Larkin GR, Brooks KP, Nesselroade JR (2011) Emotional experience improves with age: evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychol Aging 26(1):21–33PubMedPubMedCentral Carstensen LL, Turan B, Scheibe S, Ram N, Ersner-Hershfield H, Samanez-Larkin GR, Brooks KP, Nesselroade JR (2011) Emotional experience improves with age: evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychol Aging 26(1):21–33PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
The (fatalistic) present as experienced by individuals with Alzheimer’s disease: a preliminary study
verfasst von
Mohamad El Haj
Dimitrios Kapogiannis
Pascal Antoine
Publikationsdatum
11.11.2019
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Neurological Sciences / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 1590-1874
Elektronische ISSN: 1590-3478
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-04121-w

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2020

Neurological Sciences 2/2020 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.