Background
Methods
Study design
The ‘Toap run’ videogame
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In ‘The Garden’, the patients had to extend their arms to collect coins and perform lateral displacements to avoid laterally placed obstacles,
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In ‘The Mine’, the patients had to collect coins and avoid obstacles with the same movements as in ‘The Garden’, plus knee flexion/extension to avoid high level obstacles and lateral trunk displacements with one leg flexion to move the wagon and collect coins,
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In ‘The River’, the patients had to perform trunk rotation and arm movements to collect coins, and anteroposterior trunk movements to avoid obstacles.
Participants
N° patient | Sex/Age (yrs) | Disease duration (yrs) | Time since STN-DBS (months) | Falls/FOG duration (months) | UPDRS part II: falls/FOG | UPDRS part III (/108) | Hoehn&Yahr stage (/5) | FOG-Q (/64) | ABC scale (%) | LEED (mg/day) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01 | M/58 | 13 | 26 | 20 | 2/3 | 21 | 3 | 32 | 70 | 700 |
02 | F/68 | 21 | 52 | 14 | 3/2 | 27 | 4 | 32 | 39 | 700 |
03 | M/62 | 15 | 60 | 30 | 2/3 | 20 | 3 | 22 | 51 | 350 |
04 | F/69 | 16 | 93 | 80 | 2/2 | 13 | 3 | 27 | 46 | 300 |
05 | M/70 | 17 | 18 | 13 | 2/3 | 15 | 3 | 21 | 69 | 600 |
06 | M/69 | 32 | 183 | 159 | 4/4 | 32 | 4 | 30 | 50 | 200 |
07 | F/69 | 20 | 34 | 26 | 2/3 | 13 | 3 | 20 | 22 | 600 |
08 | F/61 | 13 | 37 | 25 | 2/2 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 64 | 400 |
09 | F/53 | 23 | 140 | 65 | 2/3 | 15 | 3 | 30 | 31 | 300 |
10 | M/61 | 11 | 20 | 18 | 2/3 | 33 | 4 | 28 | 72 | 700 |
Mean (SD) | 64.0 (5.8) | 18.1 (6.2) | 66.3 (55.8) | 45.0 (45.9) | 2.3 (0.7)/2.8 (0.6) | 20.3 (7.8) | 3.3 (0.5) | 25.9 (5.4) | 51.4 (17.3) | 485 (205) |
Procedure
Gait initiation recordings
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Game training sessions
N° session | Game duration (min) | Number of movements | Game performance (%) |
---|---|---|---|
01 | 15.1 (0.8) | 207 (61) | 70.8 (20.8) |
02 | 22.0 (6.2) | 323 (120) | 72.6 (15.9) |
03 | 27.5 (6.2) | 403 (195) | 75.3 (13.9) |
04 | 28.9 (2.9) | 448 (165) | 75.6 (16.6) |
05 | 26.7 (6.1) | 440 (246) | 71.5 (17.6) |
06 | 25.7 (7.4) | 452 (230) | 68.4 (20.6) |
07 | 33.8 (4.6) | 615 (270) | 79.5 (12.6) |
08 | 36.7 (5.5)a | 626 (154) | 76.4 (13.4) |
09 | 34.4 (9.4)a | 666 (280) | 75.4 (12.9) |
10 | 40.4 (10.2)a,b | 813 (380)a,b | 74.3 (9.1) |
11 | 38.5 (7.1)a,b | 785 (241)a,b | 77.0 (12.6) |
12 | 39.1 (9.1)a,b,c, | 806 (351)a,b | 75.0 (18.1) |
13 | 37.9 (6.0)a, | 744 (285)a,b | 81.5 (10.9) |
14 | 39.8 (4.4)a,b,c,f | 860 (354)a,b,c,d,e,f | 76.0 (11.2) |
15 | 39.2 (8.3)a,b,c | 827 (322)a,b,c,d,ef | 79.5 (12.8) |
16 | 41.6 (12.1)a,b,c,d,e,f | 899 (438)a,b,c,d,e,f | 78.2 (15.4) |
17 | 42.9 (7.6)a,b,c,d,e,f | 931 (410)a,b,c,d,e,f | 81.9 (11.9) |
18 | 42.2 (6.8)a,b,c,d,e,f | 932 (368)a,b,c,d,e,f | 85.8 (10.5)f |