Background
Mechanisms of action of AIT and predictive biomarkers
Status of the art, unmet needs and future perspectives
General considerations
Prevention
Major gaps in the evidence of prevention | |
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❖ Long-term effectiveness of AIT in preventing asthma in children with AR due to grass pollen | |
❖ Effectiveness of AIT in preventing asthma in children with AR due to house dust mites | |
❖ Identification of the optimal age for introduction of AIT for prevention | |
❖ Identification of the optimal duration of AIT for prevention | |
❖ Identification of the optimal product, administration form, dose and schedule of AIT for prevention | |
❖ Evaluation of healthy economics of AIT for prevention | |
❖ Evaluation of acceptability of AIT for prevention in different patient groups (age, pattern of sensitization and clinical characteristics) and healthy individuals | |
❖ Identification of the most suitable candidates | |
❖ “Precision preventive medicine” algorithms |
Allergic rhinitis
Major gaps in the evidence of AIT for allergic rhinitis | |
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❖ Lack of agreement on clinically relevant outcomes of effectiveness and clinically meaningful effect size of AIT (active vs placebo) | |
❖ Lack of evidence of clinical effectiveness for some products | |
❖ Lack of standardized AIT preparations for “orphan allergens” | |
❖ Lack of evidence for effectiveness of mixtures of homologous allergens | |
❖ Evidence for long-term clinical effectiveness after discontinuation treatment | |
❖ Standardization of grading of adverse effects of AIT | |
❖ Approaches to minimize adverse effects | |
❖ Good evidence base for contraindicating AIT | |
❖ Approaches to improve adherence to AIT | |
❖ Role of adjunctive treatment(s) (e.g. omalizumab) | |
❖ Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility studies | |
❖ Good understanding of mechanisms of action | |
❖ Identification of biomarkers of response, to predict and quantify the effectiveness of AIT | |
❖ Identification of the most suitable candidates | |
❖ “Precision medicine” algorithms |
Food allergy
Gaps in the evidence of FA-AIT | |
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❖ Lack of standardized products and vehicles | |
❖ Lack of validated and shared protocols | |
❖ Lack of agreement on clinically relevant outcomes of effectiveness | |
❖ Evidence for long-term clinical effectiveness after discontinuation treatment | |
❖ Standardization of grading of adverse effects of AIT | |
❖ Approaches to minimize adverse effects | |
❖ Adjunctive treatment(s) | |
❖ Impact on quality of life | |
❖ Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility studies | |
❖ Good understanding of mechanisms of action | |
❖ Identification of biomarkers of response | |
❖ Identification of the most suitable candidates | |
❖ “Precision medicine” algorithms |