Introduction
Methods
Compliance with Ethics Guidelines
Subjects
Cognitive Assessment
Brain MRI
Statistical Analysis
Results
Demographic and Cognitive Data
Characteristics | Patients with MS (n = 75) | Controls (n = 20) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 36.1 ± 9.2 | 36.9 ± 5.8 | 0.9 |
Female, n (%) | 57 (76) | 11 (55) | 0.06 |
Right-handed patients, n (%) | 60 (80) | 17 (85) | 0.61 |
Level of education (years), mean ± SD | 12.8 ± 2.4 | 13.5 ± 4 | 0.47 |
Characteristic | PASAT performance |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Impaired | Unimpaired | ||
Sample, n (%) | 16 (21) | 59 (79) | |
Age (years) | 37.25 ± 9.45 | 36.21 ± 9.1 | 0.62 |
Disease duration (years) | 8.6 ± 7.6 | 6.66 ± 7.24 | 0.35 |
Level of education (years) | 12.44 ± 2.87 | 12.81 ± 2.22 | 0.59 |
Treatment duration (years) | 2 ± 2 | 2.36 ± 3 | 0.67 |
History of immunosuppressive therapy, % | 17 | 20 | 0.8 |
Annualized relapses rate | 0.8 ± 0.56 | 1 ± 0.93 | 0.44 |
EDSS, median (range) |
2.0 (1–5.5)
|
1.5 (0–5)
|
0.019
|
MSSS | 3.45 ± 1.9 | 2.75 ± 2.2 | 0.22 |
MSFC | |||
9HPT (s) | 22.43 ± 5.06 | 20.05 ± 5.06 | 0.102 |
T25FW (s) | 5.31 ± 1.64 | 4.94 ± 1.41 | 0.38 |
Normalized PASAT (/60) |
22.17 ± 6.27
|
47.48 ± 7.92
|
<0.0001
|
EMIF-SEP (/100) | 37.2 ± 22.4 | 28.8 ± 21.3 | 0.23 |
Cognitive domain (/100) | 38.9 ± 22.1 | 27.5 ± 23.5 | 0.15 |
Physical domain (/100) | 45.16 ± 26.1 | 37.03 ± 25.5 | 0.35 |
Psychosocial domain (/100) | 37.2 ± 22.4 | 24.7 ± 19.8 | 0.06 |
Brain MRI Analysis
MS Patients vs. Controls
Measurement | MS group (n = 75) | Control group (n = 20) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|
V3 width (mm) |
4 ± 1.7
|
2.65 ± 1.1
|
0.0001
|
Bicaudate ratio | 0.115 ± 0.026 | 0.124 ± 0.02 | 0.136 |
Lateral ventricles width (mm) | 19.22 ± 2.95 | 19.32 ± 2.3 | 0.9 |
Brain diameter (mm) |
119.9 ± 5.1
|
125 ± 6.3
|
0.0003
|
Measurement | PASAT performance |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Impaired (n = 16) | Unimpaired (n = 59) | ||
V3 width (mm) |
4.73 ± 1.49
|
3.72 ± 1.74
|
0.044
|
Bicaudate ratio | 0.122 ± 0.034 | 0.113 ± 0.023 | 0.37 |
Lateral ventricles width (mm) | 19.18 ± 3.61 | 19.18 ± 2.73 | 1 |
Brain diameter (mm) | 119.98 ± 6.07 | 119.66 ± 5.34 | 0.84 |