Background
Depressive and anxiety disorders and biological aging
Depressive and anxiety disorders, metabolic stress and neurobiological abnormalities
Depressive and anxiety disorder treatment and physiological changes
Objective
Methods
Study design
Recruitment and study settings
Eligibility criteria
Consent procedure, baseline and follow-up assessments
Instrument | Method | Week 0 | Week 6 | Week 10 | Week 16 | Week 52 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcomes | |||||||
Biological aging: telomere length, telomerase activity | Fasting blood samples | Blood | X | – | – | X | X |
Secondary outcomes | |||||||
Biological and general health indicators | |||||||
Biomarkers (inflammation, metabolic syndrome) | Fasting blood samples | Blood | X | – | – | X | X |
Gene-expression (RNA) | Fasting blood samples | Blood | X | – | – | X | X |
HPA-axis (cortisol) | 2 days of 6 saliva samples | Saliva | X | – | – | X | X |
Oxidative stress | Urine sample | Urine | X | – | – | X | X |
Autonomic nervous system | Electro + impedance cardiography, heart rate variability [81] | ME | X | – | – | X | X |
Blood pressure | Systolic and diastolic BP | ME | X | – | – | X | X |
Body composition | Weight, height, waist+ hip circumfereence | ME | X | – | – | X | X |
Physical condition | Astrand sub max test [82] | ME | X | – | X | X | |
Muscle strength | Hand grip strength [81] | ME | X | – | – | X | X |
Lung function | Peak expiratory flow [82] | ME | X | – | – | X | X |
Pain | Chronic graded pain scale [83] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Somatization | Short somatization questionnaire [84] | SR | X | – | – | X | X |
Disability severity | WHO-DAS II [85] | SR | X | – | – | X | X |
Depressive and anxiety disorders | |||||||
Presence of MDD | CIDI: MDD [78] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Presence of anxiety dis | CIDI: SocPhob, Agora, GAD, PA [78] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Course of symptoms | Life-chart [86] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Severity of depression | Inventory of depressive symptoms [87] | SR | X | X | X | X | X |
Severity of anxiety | SR | X | X | X | X | X | |
Sleep | Insomnia Rating Scale [90] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Descriptive variables, potential confounding covariates and potential mediating variables | |||||||
Age, gender, ethnicity | Standard questions | Int | X | – | – | – | – |
Socio-economic status | Education, income, occupation | Int | X | – | – | – | – |
Physical activity | SQUASH questionnaire [91] | SR | X | – | – | X | X |
Smoking | Past + current smoking questions | SR | X | – | – | – | X |
Medication use | Drug container observation | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Regular alcohol intake | AUDIT questionnaire [92] | SR | X | – | – | – | X |
Somatic diseases | Presence + symptoms of disease | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Health care | Perceived need of care [93] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Work and disability | Tic-P questionnaire [94] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Personality | NEO-FFI questionnaire [95] | SR | X | – | – | X | X |
Locus of control | Pearlin & Schooler mastery scale [96] | SR | X | – | – | X | X |
Depression vulnerability | LEIDS-R questionnaire [97] | SR | X | – | – | X | X |
Anxiety vulnerability | Anxiety senstivity index [98] | SR | X | – | – | X | X |
Experimental cognitive task | Implicit association test (IAT) [99] | CT | X | – | X | X | |
Experimental memory task | Digit Span (WAIS) [100] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Important neg + pos life events | Brugha questionnaire [101] | Int | X | – | – | X | X |
Childhood Trauma | Youth Trauma questionnaire [102] | SR | X | – | – | – | – |
Familiy history | Familiy history inventory | Int | X | – | – | – | – |
Neuroimaging assessment (subsample) | |||||||
Verbal episodic memory | 15-words test [103] | MRI | x | – | – | x | x |
Task-related brain activity | Emotional face matching paradigm and N-back paradigm [104] | MRI | x | – | – | x | x |
Brain network connectivity | Resting state MRI images | MRI | x | – | – | x | x |
Process indicators (intervention adherence) | |||||||
Exercise intervention group: Exercise participation and heart rate will be administrated during each session.. | |||||||
Antidepressant intervention group | Side effect medication questionnaire | Int | – | X | X | X | – |
Adherence (pill count) | Int | – | X | X | X | – |