Background
Methods
Predictors
Socio-demography and personal characteristics
Frequency of exposure to traumatic work related events and life events
Occurrence of occupational hazards
Social support
Outcome variables
Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD)
Psychological distress
Somatic complaints
Perceived fatigue
Job satisfaction
Statistical methods
Results
Personal characteristics
Frequency of exposure to and type of traumatic events
Top 10 of traumatic events reported by Emergency Physicians |
N (%) | |
---|---|---|
1. | Dealing with sudden death of a young person | 40 (26) |
2. | Traumatic accident/disease involving a young person | 15 (10) |
3. | Dealing with severe injuries | 14 (9) |
4. | Dealing with death after resuscitation or resuscitation of a young person | 14 (9) |
5. | Missed diagnosis | 12 (8) |
6. | Dealing with suicide | 9 (6) |
7. | Dealing with death in general | 9 (6) |
8. | Inability to help chronically ill patients | 6 (4) |
9. | Dealing with aggression, violence and threat | 5 (3) |
10. | Lawsuits | 5 (3) |
Outcome variable | Means (SD) | Sign. | Cutoff | Subclinical level | Cutoff | Clinical level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PTSR (IES) |
N (%) |
N (%) | ||||
Emergency Physicians Missing 2 resp. | 10.98 (13.97) | ** | 20–25 | 30 (19.8 %) | ≥26 | 22 (14.5 %) |
Normative sample | 8.10 (12.30) | |||||
Anxiety (BSI) |
N (%) |
N (%) | ||||
Emergency Physicians | 0.61 (0.72) | * | 0.42–1.37 | 68 (44.7 %) | ≥1.38 | 16 (10.5 %) |
Normative sample | 0.33 (0.51) | |||||
Depression (BSI) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||
Emergency Physicians | 0.55 (0.71) | * | 0.36–1.73 | 64 (44.1.x %) | ≥1.74 | 12 (7.9 %) |
Normative sample | 0.31 (0.53) | |||||
Somatic complaints (PHQ 15) |
N (%) |
N (%) | ||||
Emergency Physicians | 5.99 (4.69) | * | 5–9 | 82 (53.9 %) | ≥10 | 26 (17.1 %) |
Normative sample | 3.80 (4.10) | |||||
Perceived fatigue (CIS-20R) |
N (%) | |||||
Emergency Physicians | 29.63 (16.73) | * | >35 | 52 (34.2 %) | ||
Normative sample | 17.30 (10.10) |
Post-traumatic stress symptoms
Anxiety and depression
Somatic complaints
Perceived fatigue
Correlations
α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Age | - | - | |||||||||||
2. | Seniority | - |
,96
**
| - | ||||||||||
3. | Occurrence Physical Hazards | - | -,11 | -,11 | - | |||||||||
4. | Occurrence Violence | - |
,16
*
|
,16
*
|
,28
**
| - | ||||||||
5. | Occurrence Burnout | - | ,10 | ,11 |
,19
*
|
,25
**
| - | |||||||
6. | Supervisor support | .91 | -,09 | -,09 | -,01 | -,09 |
-,31
**
| - | ||||||
7. | Colleagues support | .87 | -,02 | -,01 | ,08 |
-,16
*
|
-,33
**
|
,62
**
| - | |||||
8. | IES Total (PTSR) | .94 | ,06 | ,02 | ,07 |
,27
**
|
,42
**
|
-,23
**
|
-,31
**
| - | ||||
9. | Psychological distress (BSI) | .93 |
-,18
*
|
-,19
*
| ,14 |
,25
**
|
,47
**
|
-,21
**
|
-,31
**
|
,59
**
| - | |||
10. | Somatization (PHQ 15) | .86 | -,11 | -,12 | ,09 |
,24
**
|
,47
**
| -,13 |
-,38
**
|
,53
**
|
,69
**
| - | ||
11. | Subjective Fatigue (CIS-20R) | .93 | -,09 | -,11 |
,24
**
|
,43
**
|
,46
**
|
-,16
*
|
-,32
**
|
,38
**
|
,64
**
|
,69
**
| - | |
12. | Job satisfaction (LQWQ-MD) | .88 | ,00 | -,03 | -,01 |
-,20
*
|
-,50
**
|
,46
**
|
,56
**
|
-,26
**
|
-,38
**
|
-,39
**
|
-,53
**
| 1 |
M | 44,3 | 15,3 | 0,3 | 0,5 | 0.2 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 22.9 | 19.0 | 20.9 | 4.5 | 5.88 | ||
D | 9,2 | 9,4 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 9.2 | 8,2 | 5.0 | 1.95 | 2.2 |
Regression analyses
IES total | Psychological distress | Perceived fatigue | Somatic complaints | Job Satisfaction | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔR
2
|
β
| Sign | ΔR
2
|
β
| Sign | ΔR
2
|
β
| Sign | ΔR
2
|
β
| Sign | ΔR2 | β | Sign | |
Block 1: demographics | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
Age | ,05 | n.s |
-,17
| * | -,11 | n.s |
-,17
| * | -,02 | n.s | |||||
Workschedule | ,02 | n.s | ,08 | n.s | ,13 | n.s | ,05 | n.s | -,11 | n.s | |||||
Block 2: Traumatic events | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
Age | ,09 | n.s | -,14 | n.s | -,10 | n.s | -,15 | 0.07 | -,03 | n.s | |||||
Workschedule | ,01 | n.s | ,07 | n.s | ,12 | n.s | ,04 | n.s | -,10 | n.s | |||||
Traumatic events (work) |
,33
|
***
|
,25
| *** | ,14 | n.s | ,15 | 0.06 | ,01 | n.s | |||||
Life events (personal life) | -,12 | n.s | -,05 | n.s | ,06 | n.s | -,02 | n.s | ,11 | n.s | |||||
Block 3: occurrence | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.28 | ||||||||||
Age | ,02 | n.s |
-,22
| *** |
-,19
| ** |
-,24
| *** | ,07 | n.s | |||||
Workschedule | ,03 | n.s | ,01 | n.s |
,15
| * | ,07 | n.s |
-,14
| * | |||||
Traumatic events (work) |
,23
|
***
| ,14 | 0.06 | ,01 | n.s | ,04 | n.s | ,09 | n.s | |||||
Life events (personal life) | -,12 | n.s | -,05 | n.s | ,05 | n.s | -,02 | n.s | ,11 | n.s | |||||
Occurrence physical total | -,07 | n.s | -,03 | n.s | ,05 | n.s | -,10 | n.s |
,15
| * | |||||
Occurrence violence |
,17
|
*
|
,17
| * |
,29
| *** |
,18
| * |
-,17
| * | |||||
Occurrence situations that can cause burnout |
,35
|
***
|
,44
| *** |
,38
| *** |
,44
| *** |
-,50
| *** | |||||
Block 4: social support | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.16 | ||||||||||
Age | ,03 | n.s |
-,21
| *** |
-,17
| * |
-,21
| *** | ,06 | n.s | |||||
Workschedule | ,02 | n.s | ,09 | n.s |
,14
| * | ,06 | n.s | -,11 | 0.09 | |||||
Traumatic events (work) |
,23
|
***
|
,14
| * | ,01 | n.s | ,05 | n.s | ,06 | n.s | |||||
Life events (personal life) | -,12 | n.s | -,05 | n.s | ,04 | n.s | -,03 | n.s | ,11 | n.s | |||||
Occurrence physical total | -,04 | n.s | -,00 | n.s | ,10 | n.s | -,03 | n.s | ,08 | n.s | |||||
Occurrence violence | ,15 | 0.07 |
,15
| * |
,27
| *** |
,15
| * | -,11 | 0.09 | |||||
Occurrence situations that can cause burnout |
,30
|
***
|
,39
| *** |
,34
| *** |
,38
| *** |
-,34
| *** | |||||
Social support supervisor | ,01 | n.s | ,03 | n.s | ,13 | n.s |
,22
| ** | ,14 | n.s | |||||
Social support colleagues | -,17 | 0.07 | -,17 | 0.07 |
-,23
| ** |
-,36
| *** |
,33
| *** | |||||
R
2 model | 0.29 |
R
2 model | 0.35 |
R
2 model | 0.36 |
R
2 model | 0.35 |
R2 model | 0.46 | ||||||
Adj R
2 model | 0.25 | Adj R
2 model | 0.31 | Adj R
2 model | 0.33 | Adj R
2 model | 0.31 | Adj R2 model | 0.43 |