Background
Methods
Patient population and data collection
Definitions
Patient management
Clinical end-points
Statistical analysis
Results
All | Died | ESKD | CVE | Any | Test | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 830 | No (n = 226) | Yes (n = 604) |
p
| No (n = 658) | Yes (n = 172) |
p
| No (n = 520) | Yes (n = 310) |
p
| No (n = 148) | Yes (n = 682) |
p
| ||
Median age (years) | 71.0 (64.8–76.7) |
68.6
|
72.1
| <0.0001 | 71.5 | 70.2 | 0.1 | 71.4 | 70.4 | 0.1 |
69.1
|
71.4
|
0.01
| MWU |
Male (%) | 59.9 | 59.3 | 60.1 | 0.8 | 59 | 63.4 | 0.3 | 58.1 | 62.9 | 0.2 | 57.4 | 60.4 | 0.5 |
X
2
|
RAS >70% unilateral (%) | 39.5 | 35.0 | 41.2 | 0.1 | 38.8 | 42.4 | 0.4 | 41.5 | 36.1 | 0.1 | 35.1 | 40.5 | 0.2 |
X
2
|
RAS >70% Bilateral (%) | 10.6 | 9.3 | 11.1 | 0.5 | 10.3 | 11.6 | 0.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 0.9 | 6.8 | 11.4 | 0.09 |
X
2
|
Median patency score | 105.0 (70.0–150.0) |
120.0
|
100.0
|
0.007
| 110.0 | 100.0 | 0.1 | 105.0 | 107.5 | 0.9 |
130.0
|
100.0
| <0.0001 | MWU |
Median SBP mmHg | 152.0 (135.0–175.3) | 152.0 | 152.0 | 0.8 | 154.0 | 150.0 | 0.2 | 150.0 | 153.5 | 0.6 | 150.0 | 152.5 | 0.6 | MWU |
Median DBP mmHg | 80.0 (70.0–90.0) | 79.0 | 80.0 | 0.3 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 0.9 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 0.9 | 79.0 | 80.0 | 0.2 | MWU |
Median MAP mmHg | 103.3 (93.3–115.3) | 101.8 | 103.3 | 0.5 | 103.3 | 101.4 | 0.5 | 102.8 | 103.3 | 0.8 | 100.7 | 103.3 | 0.3 | MWU |
MVD (%) | 71.8 |
63.3
|
75.0
|
0.001
| 71.7 | 72.1 | 0.9 | 68.5 |
77.4
|
0.006
|
60.1
|
74.3
| <0.0001 |
X
2
|
CHF (%) | 19.4 |
11.1
|
22.5
| <0.0001 | 19.0 | 20.9 | 0.6 |
17.3
| 22.9 | 0.05 |
8.1
|
21.8
| <0.0001 |
X
2
|
FPE (%) | 6.4 | 4.4 | 7.1 | 0.2 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 0.7 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 0.2 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 0.2 |
X
2
|
Diabetes (%) | 31.3 | 28.3 | 32.5 | 0.2 | 30.5 | 34.3 | 0.3 | 30.2 | 33.2 | 0.4 | 29.1 | 31.8 | 0.5 |
X
2
|
RAB (%) | 50.0 |
66.4
|
43.9
| <0.0001 |
52.1
|
41.9
|
0.02
| 49.6 | 50.6 | 0.8 |
64.9
|
46.8
| <0.0001 |
X
2
|
BB (%) | 37.1 |
43.4
|
34.8
|
0.02
| 35.9 | 41.9 | 0.1 | 37.5 | 36.5 | 0.8 |
44.6
|
35.5
|
0.04
|
X
2
|
CaB (%) | 55.4 | 52.7 | 56.5 | 0.3 |
52.7
|
65.7
|
0.002
| 54.4 | 57.1 | 0.5 | 48.6 | 56.9 | 0.07 |
X
2
|
>3 anti-hypertensives (%) | 48.1 |
54.9
|
45.5
|
0.02
| 47.6 | 50.0 | 0.6 | 45.8 | 51.9 | 0.09 | 53.4 | 46.9 | 0.2 |
X
2
|
Aspirin (%) | 54.5 | 54.9 | 54.3 | 0.9 | 54.0 | 56.4 | 0.6 | 50.6 |
61.0
|
0.004
| 52.0 | 55.0 | 0.5 |
X
2
|
Statin (%) | 55.9 |
69.9
|
50.7
| <0.0001 | 56.1 | 55.2 | 0.8 |
54.8
| 57.7 | 0.4 |
68.2
|
53.2
|
0.001
|
X
2
|
Median Proteinuria (g/day) | 0.6 (0.2–1.2) |
0.3
|
0.6
| <0.0001 |
0.4
|
1.0
| <0.0001 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
0.2
|
0.6
| <0.0001 | MWU |
Median eGFRa (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 29.9 (19.3–43.2) |
36.8
|
27.3
| <0.0001 |
33.4
|
17.4
| <0.0001 | 29.5 | 30.8 | 0.3 |
37.6
|
28.0
| <0.0001 | MWU |
Revascularized (%) | 17.5 | 19.9 | 16.6 | 0.3 | 16.9 | 19.8 | 0.4 |
14.8
|
21.9
|
0.009
| 13.5 | 18.3 | 0.2 |
X
2
|
All | Died | ESKD | CVE | Any | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 400) | No (n = 201) |
p
| Yes (n = 108) | No (n = 493) |
p
| Yes (n = 244) | No (n = 357) | p | Yes (n = 469) | No (n = 132) |
p
| ||||
Median eGFR slopea (ml/min/1.73 m2/year) | (n = 601) −0.9 (−3.0–0.9) | −1.1 (−3.5–1.2) | −0.6 (−2.2–0.8) | 0.09 | −2.0 (−4.6–−0.8) | −0.6 (−2.5–1.4) | <0.0001 | −1.2 (−3.3–0.7) | −0.7 (−2.6–1.5) | 0.02 | −1.0 (−3.4–0.9) | −0.4 (−1.8–0.9) | 0.01 | ||
Died (n = 400) | ESKD (n = 108) | CVE (n = 244) | Any (n = 469) | ||||||||||||
Revascularization status
| NR (n = 517) | R (n = 84) |
p
| NR (n = 347) | R (n = 53) |
p
| NR (n = 91) | R (n = 17) |
p
| NR (n = 201) | R (n = 43) |
p
| NR (n = 397) | R (n = 72) |
p
|
Median eGFR slopea(ml/min/1.73 m
2
/year) | −0.8 (−2.6–0.9) | −1.7 (−9.8–−1.7) | 0.3 | −1.0 (−3.2–0.9) | −1.5 (−11.2–7.6) | 0.9 | −2.1 (−4.6–−0.9) | −1.9 (−5.8–3.1) | 0.9 | −1.2 (−3.1–0.3) | 1.4 (−9.3–5.9) | 0.6 | −1.0 (−3.2–0.9) | −1.6 (−9.8–5.8) | 0.8 |
All (n = 830) | Death (n = 604) | ESKD (n = 172) | CVE (n = 310) | Any (n = 682) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-revascularized (n = 685) | Revascularized (n = 145) |
p
| Non-revascularized (n = 504) | Revascularized (n = 100) |
p
| Non-revascularized (n = 138) | Revascularized (n = 34) |
p
| Non-revascularized (n = 242) | Revascularized (n = 68) |
p
| Non-revascularized (n = 557) | Revascularized (n = 125) |
p
| |
Median age (years) | 71.6 (65.1–77.3) | 69.2 (63.3–74.6) |
0.001
| 72.1 (67.1–78.1) | 69.5 (65.2–75.1) |
0.002
| 70.4 (64.1–75.3) | 68.5 (62.6–75.8) | 0.4 | 71.3 (65.2–76.7) | 68.5 (62.8–73.1) |
0.007
| 71.9 (66.4–77.4) | 69.2 (64.0–64.5) | <0.0001 |
Male (%) | 61.2 | 53.8 | 0.1 | 61.5 | 53.0 | 0.1 | 64.5 | 58.8 | 0.5 | 64.0 | 58.8 | 0.4 | 61.2 | 56.8 | 0.4 |
RAS >70% unilateral (%) | 38.2 | 45.5 | 0.1 | 40.5 | 45.0 | 0.4 | 42.8 | 41.2 | 0.9 | 35.1 | 39.7 | 0.5 | 39.7 | 44.0 | 0.4 |
RAS >70% Bilateral (%) |
6.6
|
29.7
|
<0.0001
|
7.3
|
30.0
| <0.0001 |
7.2
|
29.4
| <0.0001 |
5.8
|
27.9
| <0.0001 |
7.5
|
28.8
| <0.0001 |
Median patency score | 110.0 (90.0–150.0) | 75.0 (40.0–120.0) | <0.0001 | 100.0 (80.0–150.0) | 72.5 (40.0–115.0) | <0.0001 | 100.0 (73.8–150.0) | 82.5 (40.0–120.0) |
0.005
| 120.0 (80.0–150.0) | 75.0 (40.0–110.0) | <0.0001 | 105.0 (132.0–172.5) | 75.0 (40.0–120.0) | <0.0001 |
Median SBP (mmHg) | 150.0 (133.5–172.0) | 160.0 (139.0–186.0) |
0.003
| 150.0 (132.3–174.5) | 160.0 (140.0–185.8) |
0.03
| 146.5 (132.0–166.8) | 156.5 (140.0–177.8) | 0.08 | 151.7 (134.8–175.0) | 160.0 (139.3–185.8) | 0.09 | 150.0 (132.0–172.5) | 160.0 (140.0–186.0) |
0.004
|
Median DBP (mmHg) | 80.0 (70.0–90.0) | 80.0 (72.0–90.0) | 0.06 | 80.0 (70.0–90.0) | 80.0 (72.0–89.5) | 0.2 | 80.0 (70.0–86.0) | 80.0 (70.0–86.5) | 0.4 | 80.0 (70.0–89.0) | 80.0 (75.0–89.5) | 0.1 | 80.0 (70.0–90.0) | 80.0 (72.7–90.0) | 0.08 |
Median MAP (mmHg) | 102.3 (93.0–114.3) | 106.7 (96.7–120.0) |
0.007
| 103.3 (92.7–116.6) | 106.7 (96.7–118.1) | 0.05 | 100.2 (93.2–113.1) | 106.2 (96.6–118.0) | 0.2 | 103.3 (93.3–114.2) | 105.0 (96.8–120.5) | 0.08 | 103.3 (92.5–115.6) | 106.7 (96.7–120.0) |
0.01
|
MVD (%) | 70.4 | 78.6 | 0.05 | 73.6 | 82.0 | 0.08 | 71.7 | 73.5 | 0.8 | 75.2 | 85.3 | 0.08 |
72.7
|
81.6
|
0.04
|
CHF (%) |
17.4
|
29.0
|
0.001
|
20.6
|
32.0
|
0.01
| 19.6 | 26.5 | 0.4 | 21.5 | 27.9 | 0.3 |
19.9
|
30.4
|
0.01
|
FPE (%) |
5.4
|
11.0
|
0.01
| 6.3 | 11.0 | 0.1 | 6.5 | 8.8 | 0.6 | 7.0 | 10.3 | 0.4 |
6.1
| 10.4 | 0.09 |
Diabetes (%) | 31.4 | 31.0 |
0.9
| 32.3 | 33.0 | 0.9 | 34.1 | 35.3 | 0.9 | 36.0 | 23.5 | 0.06 | 32.3 | 29.6 | 0.6 |
RAB (%) | 49.9 | 50.3 | 0.9 | 43.5 | 46.0 | 0.6 | 41.3 | 44.1 | 0.8 | 51.7 | 47.1 | 0.5 | 46.5 | 48.0 | 0.8 |
BB (%) | 36.2 | 41.4 | 0.2 | 34.3 | 37.0 | 0.6 | 40.6 | 47.1 | 0.5 | 35.5 | 39.7 | 0.5 | 34.5 | 40.0 | 0.2 |
CaB (%) | 54.7 | 58.6 | 0.4 | 55.2 | 63.0 | 0.1 | 65.2 | 67.6 | 0.8 | 56.6 | 58.8 | 0.7 | 55.7 | 62.4 | 0.2 |
>3 anti-hypertensives (%) | 47.3 | 51.7 | 0.3 | 45.2 | 47.0 | 0.7 | 50.7 | 47.1 | 0.7 | 53.3 | 47.1 | 0.4 | 46.5 | 48.8 | 0.6 |
Aspirin (%) | 53.3 | 60.0 | 0.1 | 52.8 | 62.0 | 0.09 | 54.3 | 64.7 | 0.3 | 58.3 | 70.6 | 0.07 | 53.3 | 62.4 | 0.07 |
Statin (%) | 55.3 | 58.6 | 0.5 | 49.8 | 55.0 | 0.3 | 53.6 | 61.8 | 0.4 | 58.3 | 55.9 | 0.7 | 52.4 | 56.8 | 0.4 |
Median Proteinuria (g/day) | 0.6 (0.2–1.2) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 0.3 | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.2 | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 0.1 | 0.6 (0.2–1.1) | 0.6 (0.2–1.1) | 0.4 | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.1 |
Median eGFRa (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 29.9 (18.8–43.2) | 30.2 (20.0–43.4) | 0.7 | 27.2 (16.7–40.5) | 28.5 (17.3–37.7) | 0.9 | 16.0 (9.3–26.8) | 21.5 (10.3–30.5) | 0.2 | 29.9 (19.4–44.5) | 34.1 (23.0–45.4) | 0.2 | 27.4 (17.2–41.3) | 29.5 (19.6–40.1) | 0.3 |
Death | ESKDa | CVEa | Any | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | |||||||||
HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
Ageb | 1.48 | (1.34–1.63) |
1.38
| (1.24–1.54) | 1.36 | (1.23–1.50) |
1.17
| (1.06–1.31) | 1.29 | (1.18–1.41) |
1.21
| (1.10–1.33) | 1.22 | 1.12–1.33 | 1.09 | (0.99–1.21) |
Patency scorec | 0.95 | (0.90–0.99) | 0.95 | (0.90–1.00) | 0.95 | (0.90–0.98) |
0.95
| (0.90–0.98) | 0.93 | (0.90–0.98) | 0.95 | (0.93–1.01) | 0.93 | 0.90–0.98 | 0.95 | (0.93–1.00) |
Revascularization | 0.72 | (0.58–0.90) |
0.65
| (0.51–0.83) | 0.70 | (0.57–0.87) |
0.59
| (0.46–0.76) | 0.89 | (0.73–1.09) | − | − | 0.92 | 0.76–1.12 | − | − |
MVD | 1.44 | (1.20–1.73) |
1.24
| (1.02–1.50) | 1.37 | (1.15–1.65) | 1.17 | (0.97–1.42) | 1.61 | (1.35–1.91) |
1.38
| (1.15–1.65) | 1.50 | 1.26–1.79 |
1.27
| (1.06–1.52) |
Diabetes | 1.17 | (0.99–1.39) | 1.07 | (0.89–1.28) | 1.09 | (0.92–1.30) | 0.98 | (0.81–1.17) | 1.20 | (1.02–1.41) | 1.02 | (0.86–1.21) | 1.13 | 0.96–1.33 | 0.94 | (0.79–1.12) |
CHF | 1.74 | (1.43–2.11) |
1.33
| (1.08–1.64) | 1.77 | (1.46–2.14) | 1.39 | (1.13–1.71) | 1.84 | (1.53–2.21) |
1.37
| (1.11–1.68) | 1.89 | 1.57–2.27 |
1.42
| (1.16–1.75) |
FPE | 2.13 | (1.56–2.91) |
2.10
| (1.50–2.92) | 2.01 | (1.48–2.73) |
1.82
| (1.31–2.51) | 2.12 | (1.56–2.88) |
1.88
| (1.36–2.60) | 2.05 | 1.51–2.77 |
1.72
| (1.24–2.38) |
RAB | 0.76 | (0.65–0.89) |
0.83
| (0.70–0.98) | 0.78 | (0.66–0.92) |
0.84
| (0.71–1.00) | 0.85 | (0.73–0.99) | 0.88 | (0.75–1.03) | 0.83 | 0.71–0.96 | 0.85 | (0.73–1.00) |
BB | 0.84 | (0.71–0.99) | 0.93 | (0.78–1.10) | 0.85 | (0.72–1.00) | 0.89 | (0.75–1.05) | 0.84 | (0.72–0.99) | 0.90 | (0.76–1.06) | 0.88 | 0.75–1.03 | 0.92 | (0.78–1.08) |
Statin | 0.80 | (0.68–0.95) |
0.79
| (0.66–0.94) | 0.81 | (0.69–0.95) |
0.79
| (0.66–0.93) | 0.93 | (0.80–1.08) | 0.92 | (0.78–1.08) | 0.91 | 0.78–1.06 | 0.90 | (0.76–1.06) |
MAPd | 0.94 | (0.90–0.98) | 0.97 | (0.92–1.02) | 0.93 | (0.90–0.98) | 0.95 | (0.90–1.00) | 0.93 | (0.90–0.98) | 0.95 | (0.91–1.00) | 0.94 | 0.90–0.98 |
0.94
| (0.90–0.99) |
Proteinuriae (g/day) | 1.12 | (1.07–1.18) |
1.14
| (1.08–1.20) | 1.13 | (1.08–1.18) |
1.14
| (1.09–1.20) | 1.09 | (1.04–1.14) |
1.10
| (1.05–1.16) | 1.11 | 1.06–1.16 |
1.12
| (1.07–1.18) |
eGFRf (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 0.89 | (0.87–0.91) |
0.92
| (0.89–0.94) | 0.86 | (0.84–0.89) |
0.89
| (0.86–0.91) | 0.92 | (0.89–0.94) |
0.94
| (0.92–0.97) | 0.90 | 0.88–0.92 |
0.92
| (0.89–0.94) |