Background
Methods
Specimen collection and laboratory procedures
Data analysis
Results
Characteristics | IgM seropositivity (N, %) | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR(95% CI) |
P value | OR(95% CI) |
P value | ||
Age(years)a
| 21IQR (19–25) | 0.97(0.92–1.02) | 0.261 | ||
Gestation age | |||||
First trimester (116) | 41(35.3) | 1 | |||
Second trimester (109) | 31(28.9) | 0.74(0.42–1.31) | 0.310 | ||
Third trimester (33) | 11(36.7) | 1.05(0.45–2.44) | 0.893 | ||
Number in household | 3IQR (2–5) | 1.04(0.91–1.19) | 0.528 | ||
Residence | |||||
Urban (168) | 48 (28.6) | 1 | |||
Rural (85) | 35 (41.2) | 1.75(1.01–3.02) | 0.045 | 1.60(0.91–2.8) | 0.098 |
Education | |||||
High (50) | 15 (30.0) | 1 | |||
Low (203) | 68 (33.5) | 1.175(0.60–2.30) | 0.637 | ||
Occupation | |||||
Employed (178) | 59 (33.2) | 1 | |||
No employment (75) | 24 (32.0) | 0.949(0.53–1.68) | 0.859 | ||
HIV status | |||||
Negative(95) | 31 (32.6) | 1 | |||
Positive (8) | 4 (50.0) | 2.81(0.54–14.66) | 0.219 | ||
Unknown (150) | 48 (32.0) | 1.20(0.72–2.00) | 0.483 | ||
History of premature baby | |||||
No (241) | 75 (31.12) | 1 | |||
Yes (12) | 8 (66.67) | 4.42(1.29–15.15) | 0.018 | 3.03(0.68–13.42) | 0.129 |
History of miscarriage | |||||
No (221) | 71 (32.1) | 1 | |||
Yes (32) | 12 (37.5) | 1.057(0.50–2.22) | 0.883 | 0.91(0.34–2.41) | 0.847 |
History of baby with malformation | |||||
No (247) | 80 (32.4) | 1 | |||
Yes (6) | 3 (50.0) | 2.087(0.41–10.57) | 0.374 | ||
History of a baby with low birth weight | |||||
No (229) | 71 (31.0) | 1 | |||
Yes (24) | 12 (50.0) | 2.22(0.95–5.14) | 0.064 | 1.35(0.46–4.72) | 0.098 |
Characteristics | IgG seropositivity (N, %) | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR(95% CI) |
P value | OR(95% CI) |
P value | ||
Age(years)a
| 21IQR(19–26) | 1.000(0.956–1.046) | 0.984 | ||
Gestation age | |||||
First trimester (116) | 66(56.9) | ||||
Second trimester(109) | 66(60.5) | 1.1(0.68–1.97) | 0.578 | 1.27(0.73–2.2) | 0.391 |
Third trimester(33) | 10(30.3) | 0.32(0.14–0.75) | 0.009 | 0.38(0.16–0.92) |
0.033
|
Number in household | 4IQR(2–5) | 1.12(0.98–1.281) | 0.094 | 1.08(0.94–1.25) | 0.130 |
Location | |||||
Urban (168) | 88 (52.38) | 1 | |||
Rural (90) | 54 (60.0) | 1.36(0.81–2.29) | 0.242 | ||
Education | |||||
High (50) | 24 (48) | 1 | |||
Low (208) | 118 (56.7) | 1.42(0.76–2.64) | 0.266 | ||
Occupation | |||||
Employed (183) | 102 (55.7) | 1 | |||
No employment (75) | 40 (53.3) | 0.91(0.53–1.56) | 0.724 | ||
HIV status | |||||
Negative (95) | 49 (51.6) | 1 | |||
Positive (8) | 6 (75.0) | 2.82(0.54–14.67) | 0.219 | ||
Unknown (155) | 87 (56.1) | 1.20(0.72–2.00) | 0.483 | ||
History of premature baby | |||||
No (246) | 133 (54.1) | 1 | |||
Yes (12) | 9 (75.0) | 2.54(0.67–9.64) | 0.168 | 0.66(0.08–5.15) | 0.697 |
History of miscarriage | |||||
No (226) | 124 (54.9) | 1 | |||
Yes (32) | 18 (56.3) | 1.06(0.51–2.22) | 0.883 | ||
History of baby with malformation | |||||
No (252) | 138 (54.8) | 1 | |||
Yes (6) | 4 (66.7) | 1.65(0.30–9.18) | 0.566 | ||
History of baby with low birth weight | |||||
No (234) | 121 (51.7) | 1 | |||
Yes (24) | 21 (87.5) | 6.54(1.90–22.51) | 0.003 | 10(1.82–58.05) |
0.010
|