Background
Methods
Identification of studies
Eligibility criteria
Selection of studies
Methodological quality of studies and data extraction
Results
Study selection
Methodological quality
Study | R-AMSTAR items | Score | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. “A priori” design provided? | 2. Duplicate study selection and data extraction? | 3. Comprehen-sive literature search? | 4. Status of publication as an inclusion criterion? | 5. List of studies (included and excluded)? | 6. Characteris-tics of the included studies? | 7. Quality of included studies assessed and documented? | 8. Scientific quality used appropriately in formulating conclusions? | 9. Appropriate methods used to combine the findings of studies? | 10. Likelihood of publication bias assessed? | 11. Conflict of interest stated? | ||
Maltoni et al., 2001 [14] | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 24 |
Pascual ea. al,2004 [15] | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 26 |
Yavuzsen et al., 2005 [6] | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 18 |
Berenstein & Ortiz, 2005 [16] | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 29 |
Dewey et al., 2007 [17] | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 34a |
Lesniak et al., 2008 [18] | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 29 |
Baldwin et al., 2012 [19] | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 32 a |
Reid et al., 2012 [20] | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 36 a |
Ruiz et al., 2013 [21] | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 41 a |
Payne et al., 2013 [22] | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 28 |
Reid et al., 2013 [23] | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 28 |
Solheim et al., 2013 [24] | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 27 |
Miller et al., 2014 [25] | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 23 |
Chung et al., 2016 [26] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 34 a |
Lau et al., 2016 [27] | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 35 a |
Bai et al., 2017 [28] | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 32 a |
Mochamat et al., 2017 [29] | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 31 a |
Li et al., 2017 [30] | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 25 |
Mean | 3.33 | 3.50 | 2.89 | 2.61 | 2.39 | 3.83 | 2.06 | 1.22 | 3.28 | 2.11 | 2.33 | 29.56 |
SD | 0.49 | 0.71 | 1.13 | 1.24 | 1.04 | 0.71 | 0.64 | 0.73 | 1.07 | 1.41 | 0.84 | 5.47 |
Summaries of SRs with high methodological quality
Systematic review | Relevant studies, No | Study design (No) | Population | Intervention | Control | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dewey et al., 2007 [17] | 5 | RCT (n = 5) | Incurable or advanced cancer patients with either a reported weight loss of 5% and above or cachexia | Oral fish oil supplementation | Placebo/ active matched control | AE, BC, CR, EE, Fatigue, FS, NS, PS, QoL, SA, Survival, WC |
Baldwin et al., 2012 [19] | 13 | RCT (n = 13) | Adults cancer patients with malnourished or at risk of malnutrition | Dietary advice, oral nutritional supplements, or both | Usual care | NI (ie, weight loss and energy intake), QOL, Survival |
Reid et al., 2012 [20] | 3 | RCT (n = 3) | Advanced or incurable cancer patients with weight loss or cachexia | Thalidomide orally | Placebo/ an alternative experimental treatment modality | AE, BC, Fatigue, FS, GP, PIC, PS, QoL, Survival |
Ruiz et al., 2013 [21] | 35 | RCT (n = 35) | Patients with cancer, AIDS or another underlying pathology related anorexia-cachexia | Megestrol acetate | Placebo/ other active drug treatments/ different doses | AC, AE, MAC, QoL, TSFT, WC |
Chung et al., 2016 [26] | 14 | RCT (n = 14) | Cancer patients with various types, most in moderate to advanced stage | CHM, either in combination with other treatments or used alone | Conventional treatment, placebo, or no treatment. | Fatigue, paresthesias, dysesthesias, chronic pain, anorexia, insomnia, limbs edema, constipation |
Lau et al., 2016 [27] | 13 | RCT (n = 13) | Patients with various types of cancer, near half in moderate to advanced stages | Any form of acupuncture and/or related therapies | Any type of interventions without acupuncture or related treatments | Fatigue, paresthesia, dysesthesias, chronic pain, anorexia, insomnia, limb edema, constipation, QoL |
Bai et al., 2017 [28] | 4 | RCT (N = 3) Randomized crossover Trial (n = 1) | Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) patients | Anamorelin | Placebo or Anamorelin at various doses | AC, GS, LBM, PS, QoL, Serum biomarkers, WC |
Mochamat et al., 2017 [29] | 21 | RCT (n = 17) Prospective studies (n = 3) Crossover study (n = 1) | Cancer patients with cachexia or cachexia-related symptoms | Vitamin, mineral, proteins, or other dietary supplements | No supplements/ different supplements | AE, AC, LBM, L-carnitine, QoL, Survival, WC, |