Background
Methods
Swedish national registers used in the study
Study groups
ID study group
General reference group (gRef)
ID n = 7936 | gRef n = 7936 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |
Affective Disorders (F3) | ||||
(F30) Manic episode | 32 | 0.4% | <5 | 0.0% |
(F31) Bipolar affective disorder | 170 | 2.1% | 42 | 0.5% |
(F32) Depressive episode | 358 | 4.5% | 254 | 3.2% |
(F33) Recurrent depressive disorder | 116 | 1.5% | 116 | 1.5% |
(F34) Persistent mood [affective] disorders | 21 | 0.3% | 23 | 0.3% |
(F38) Other mood [affective] disorders | < 5 | 0.0% | 5 | 0.1% |
(F39) Unspecified mood [affective] disorder | 35 | 0.4% | 17 | 0.2% |
At least one F3 | 576 | 7.3% | 342 | 4.3% |
Anxiety Disorders (F4) | ||||
(F40) Phobic anxiety disorders | 36 | 0.5% | 16 | 0.2% |
(F41) Other anxiety disorders | 289 | 3.7% | 196 | 2.5% |
(F42) Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 74 | 0.9% | 10 | 0.1% |
(F43) Reaction to severe stress, adjustment disorders | 81 | 1.0% | 143 | 1.8% |
(F44) Dissociative [conversion] disorders | 27 | 03% | <5 | 0.0% |
(F45) Somatoform disorders | 31 | 0.4% | 48 | 0.6% |
(F48) Other neurotic disorders | 11 | 0.1% | 5 | 0.1% |
At least one F4 | 471 | 5.9% | 354 | 4.5% |
Outcome measure
Statistical analysis
Results
Age in 2012 and sex | At least one F3 | At least one F4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 918 | n = 825 | |||||
ID n = 576 | gRef n = 342 | OR (95% CI) | ID n = 471 | gRef n = 354 | OR (95% CI) | |
Age, n (%) | ||||||
<64 | 376 (65%) | 219 (64%) | Reference* | 342 (73%) | 248 (70%) | Reference* |
65–74 | 172 (30%) | 87 (25%) | 2.5 (0.7–9.2) | 112 (24%) | 81 (23%) | 1.8 (0.4–8.2) |
75–84 | 24 (4%) | 30 (9%) | 2.9 (0.8–10.7) | 14 (3%) | 21 (6%) | 1.8 (0.4–8.4) |
>84 | 4 (1%) | 6 (2%) | 1.2 (0.3–4.7) | 3 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 0.8 (0.17–4.5) |
Sex, n (%) | ||||||
Male | 279 (48%) | 165 (48%) | Reference * | 247 (52%) | 150 (42%) | Reference* |
Female | 297 (52%) | 177 (52%) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 224 (48%) | 204 (58%) |
0.6 (0.5–0.8)
|
Comorbidity | At least one F3 diagnosis (n = 918) | At least one F4 diagnosis (n = 825) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID (n = 576) n(%) | gRef (n = 342) n(%) | ID v gRefOR (95% CI) | ID (n = 471) n(%) | gRef (n = 354) n(%) | ID v gRefOR (95% CI) | |
At least one psychiatric comorbidity | 520 (90%) | 159 (47%) |
10.69 (7.55–15.14)
| 414 (88%) | 139 (39%) |
11.23 (7.92–15.94)
|
At least one somatic comorbidity | 479 (83%) | 294 (86%) | 0.81 (0.55–1.17) | 391 (83%) | 302 (85%) | 0.84 (0.58–1.23) |
Psychiatric comorbidities
Psychiatric comorbidity | At least one F3 diagnosis (n = 918) | At least one F4 diagnosis (n = 825) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID (n = 576) n(%) | gRef (n = 342) n(%) | ID v gRef OR (95% CI) | ID (n = 471) n(%) | gRef (n = 354) n(%) | ID v gRef OR (95% CI) | |
F00_Dementia in Alzheimer disease | 5 (1%) | <5 | NC* | <5 | <5 | NC* |
F01_Vascular dementia | 11 (2%) | <5 | NC* | <5 | <5 | NC* |
F03_Unspecified dementia | 29 (5%) | 8 (2%) | 2.21 (1.00–4.90) | 13 (3%) | <5 | NC* |
F06_Other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical disease | 44 (8%) | 8 (2%) |
3.45 (1.61–7.43)
| 27 (6%) | 7 (2%) |
3.01 (1.30–7.00)
|
F07_Personality and behavioural disorders due to brain disease, damage and dysfunction | 10 (2%) | <5 | NC* | 9 (2%) | <5 | NC* |
F09 _Unspecified organic or symptomatic mental disorder | 6 (1%) | <5 | NC* | 6 (1%) | <5 | NC* |
F10_Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol | 34 (6%) | 53 (16%) |
0.34 (0.22–0.54)
| 32 (7%) | 46(13%) | 0.49 (0.31–0.79) |
F11_Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids | 6 (1%) | 11 (3%) |
0.32 (0.12–0.86)
| <5 | 10 (3%) | NC* |
F13_Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives and hypnotics | <5 | 22 (6%) | NC* | < 5 | 21 (6%) | NC* |
F17_Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of tobacco | 13 (2%) | 13 (4%) | 0.58 (0.27–1.28) | 10 (2%) | 13 (4%) | 0.57 (0.25–1.31) |
F19_Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substance | 10 (2%) | 17 (5%) |
0.34 (0.15–0.77)
| 8 (2%) | 15 (4%) |
0.39 (0.16–0.93)
|
F20_Schizophrenia | 25 (4%) | <5 | NC* | 29 (6%) | <5 | NC* |
F22_Persistent delusional disorders | 22 (4%) | 6 (2%) | 2.22 (0.89–5.54) | 20 (4%) | <5 | NC* |
F23_Acute and transient psychotic disorders | 25 (4%) | 5 (2%) |
3.06 (1.16–8.07)
| 19 (4%) | 5 (1%) |
2.93 (1.09–7.94)
|
F25_Schizoaffective disorders | 17 (3%) | <5 | NC* | 14 (3%) | <5 | NC* |
F28_Other nonorganic psychotic disorders | <5 | <5 | NC* | 5 (1%) | <5 | NC* |
F29_Unspecified nonorganic psychosis | 44 (8%) | <5 | NC* | 34 (7%) | <5 | NC* |
F51_Nonorganic sleep disorders | <5 | 9 (3%) | NC* | <5 | 6 (2%) | NC* |
F60_Specific personality disorders | 35 (6%) | 14 (4%) | 1.52 (0.80–2.86) | 35 (7%) | 14 (4%) |
1.95 (1.03–3.68)
|
F63_Habit and impulse disorders | 5 (1%) | <5 | NC* | 6 (1%) | <5 | NC* |
Somatic comorbidities
Chapter | Somatic comorbidity | At least one F3 diagnosis (n = 918) | At least one F4 diagnosis (n = 825) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID (n = 576) n(%) | gRef (n = 342) n(%) | ID v gRef OR (95% CI) | ID (n = 471) n(%) | gRef (n = 354) n(%) | ID v gRef OR (95% CI) | ||
I | Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 68 (12%) | 34 (10%) | 1.21 (0.79–1.87) | 52 (11%) | 25 (7%) | 1.63 (0.99–2.67) |
II | Neoplasms | 71 (12%) | 53 (16%) | 0.77 (0.52–1.13) | 39 (8%) | 48 (14%) |
0.58 (0.37–0.90)
|
III | Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | 41 (7%) | 31 (9%) | 0.77 (0.47–1.25) | 23 (5%) | 24 (7%) | 0.71 (0.39–1.27) |
IV | Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | 168 (29%) | 112 (33%) | 0.85 (0.63–1.12) | 120 (26%) | 91 (26%) | 0.99 (0.72–1.36) |
VI | Diseases of the nervous system | 170 (30%) | 69 (20%) |
1.66 (1.20–2.28)
| 138 (29%) | 60 (17%) |
2.03 (1.44–2.86)
|
VII | Diseases of the eye and adnexa | 117 (20%) | 62 (18%) | 1.15 (0.82–1.62) | 89 (19%) | 52 (15%) | 1.35 (0.93–1.97) |
VIII | Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | 24 (4%) | 16 (5%) | 0.89 (0.46–1.70) | 22 (5%) | 22 (6%) | 0.74 (0.40–1.36) |
IX | Diseases of the circulatory system | 159 (28%) | 151 (44%) |
0.49 (0.36–0.64)
| 134 (29%) | 130 (37%) |
0.69 (0.51–0.92)
|
X | Diseases of the respiratory system | 149 (26%) | 104 (30%) | 0.80 (0.60–1.07) | 130 (28%) | 109 (31%) | 0.86 (0.63–1.16) |
XI | Diseases of the digestive system | 188 (33%) | 133 (39%) | 0.76 (0.58–1.01) | 172 (37%) | 136 (38%) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) |
XII | Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 37 (6%) | 17 (5%) | 1.31 (0.73–2.37) | 26 (6%) | 16 (5%) | 1.23 (0.65–2.33) |
XIII | Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 126 (22%) | 134 (39%) |
0.44 (0.32–0.58)
| 124 (26%) | 141 (40%) |
0.54 (0.40–0.72)
|
XIV | Diseases of the genitourinary system | 143 (25%) | 65 (19%) |
1.41 (1.01–1.96)
| 125 (27%) | 58 (16%) |
1.84 (1.30–2.61)
|
XVII | Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities | 39 (7%) | < 5 | NC* | 31 (7%) | < 5 | NC* |
XVIII | Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 251 (44%) | 170 (50%) | 0.79 (0.60–1.02) | 236 (50%) | 182 (51%) | 0.95 (0.72–1.25 |
XIX | Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | 280 (49%) | 140 (41%) |
1.37 (1.04–1.79)
| 220 (47%) | 133 (38%) |
1.46 (1.10–1.93)
|