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Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2/2019

28.08.2018 | Original Paper

The predictors of depression in a longitudinal cohort of community dwelling rural adults in Australia

verfasst von: Tonelle E. Handley, Jane Rich, Terry J. Lewin, Brian J. Kelly

Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Ausgabe 2/2019

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Abstract

Purpose

Many major studies of depression in Australia are under-representative of rural and remote residents, limiting the generalizability of their findings. This study explores the contributions of a range of individual, social, and community factors to the trajectory of depressive symptoms among a cohort of rural and remote residents.

Methods

Data from four waves of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (baseline n = 2639), a 5 year longitudinal study of rural community residents, were examined within generalized linear mixed models to predict depressive symptoms. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9, with key correlates including social support, employment status, financial wellbeing, neuroticism, and rural community factors.

Results

Moderate-to-severe depression was reported by 6.3% of the baseline sample. Being permanently unable to work resulted in over a threefold increase in the odds of depression at the following survey wave. Self-rated financial hardship was associated with a fourfold increase in the odds of future depression, as was a high level of community concerns. Neuroticism and tobacco use also made a significant independent contribution to future depressive symptoms. Interpersonal support was a protective factor, reducing the odds of next-wave depression by 64%.

Conclusion

Financial and employment-related difficulties appear to be important risk factors for depression, and targeting individuals experiencing such difficulties may be an effective means of reducing depression among certain sub-groups. Strategies to prevent depression in rural and remote Australia may benefit from a focus on interpersonal and community-level support, as the effects of this support are lasting and contribute to a reduced likelihood of depressive episodes in future years.
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Metadaten
Titel
The predictors of depression in a longitudinal cohort of community dwelling rural adults in Australia
verfasst von
Tonelle E. Handley
Jane Rich
Terry J. Lewin
Brian J. Kelly
Publikationsdatum
28.08.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1591-1

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