Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2/2016

28.09.2016 | Epidemiology

The prognosis of women diagnosed with breast cancer before, during and after pregnancy: a meta-analysis

verfasst von: Emily K. Hartman, Guy D. Eslick

Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | Ausgabe 2/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objective

Previous meta-analyses have examined the prognosis of women with pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) as well as pregnancy that follows breast cancer diagnosis. Since then, many additional studies have been performed. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to examine the prognosis for women who become pregnant before, during and after a diagnosis of breast cancer. We also performed analyses on the various subgroups within PABC such as pregnancy and postpartum cases, as well as on time periods postpartum.

Methods

We identified studies that reported on overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy or up to 5 years postpartum from four electronic databases. We also identified studies that reported on OS and DFS where pregnancy up to 5 years occurred after a breast cancer diagnosis.

Results

41 studies met our inclusion criteria (cases = 4929; controls = 61,041) for pregnancy occurring during or before breast cancer diagnosis. There was an overall increased risk of death amongst patients compared to non-pregnant controls [HR 1.57; 95 % CI 1.35–1.82]. Subgroup analysis indicated poor survival outcomes for those diagnosed either during pregnancy or postpartum (PABC) [HR 1.46; 95 % CI 1.17–1.82] as well as those diagnosed during pregnancy alone [HR 1.47; 95 % CI 1.04–2.08]. Those diagnosed postpartum had the poorest overall survival [HR 1.79; 95 % CI 1.39–2.29]. Similarly, patients with PABC had decreased DFS compared to controls [HR 1.51; 95 % CI 1.22–1.88]. Those diagnosed postpartum were the most at risk of disease progression or relapse [HR 1.86; 95 % CI 1.17–2.93]. 19 studies met our inclusion criteria (cases = 1829; controls = 21,907) for pregnancy following breast cancer diagnosis. Such women had a significantly reduced risk of death compared to those who did not become pregnant [pHR 0.63; 95 % CI 0.51–0.79]. A subgroup analysis to account for the “healthy mother effect” generated similar results [pHR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.52–0.81].

Conclusion

Pregnancy that occurs before or concurrently with a diagnosis of breast cancer is more likely to result in death and decreased disease-free survival. On the other hand, pregnancy occurring after a breast cancer diagnosis reduces the risk of death.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Von Schoultz E, Johansson H, Wilking N, Rutqvist LE (1995) Influence of prior and subsequent pregnancy on breast cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol 13(2):430–434 Von Schoultz E, Johansson H, Wilking N, Rutqvist LE (1995) Influence of prior and subsequent pregnancy on breast cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol 13(2):430–434
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Callihan EB, Gao D, Jindal S, Lyons TR, Manthey E, Edgerton S, Urquhart A, Schedin P, Borges VF (2013) Postpartum diagnosis demonstrates a high risk for metastasis and merits an expanded definition of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 138(2):549–559PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Callihan EB, Gao D, Jindal S, Lyons TR, Manthey E, Edgerton S, Urquhart A, Schedin P, Borges VF (2013) Postpartum diagnosis demonstrates a high risk for metastasis and merits an expanded definition of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 138(2):549–559PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Strasser-Weippl K, Ramchandani R, Fan L, Li J, Hurlbert M, Finkelstein D, Shao ZM, Goss PE (2015) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer in women from Shanghai: risk and prognosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 149(1):255–261PubMedCrossRef Strasser-Weippl K, Ramchandani R, Fan L, Li J, Hurlbert M, Finkelstein D, Shao ZM, Goss PE (2015) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer in women from Shanghai: risk and prognosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 149(1):255–261PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Vinatier EMB, Merlot B, Poncelet E, Collinet P, Vinatier D (2009) Breast cancer during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 147:9–14PubMedCrossRef Vinatier EMB, Merlot B, Poncelet E, Collinet P, Vinatier D (2009) Breast cancer during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 147:9–14PubMedCrossRef
5.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Berry DL, Theriault RL, Holmes FA, Parisi VM, Booser DJ, Singletary SE, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (1999) Management of breast cancer during pregnancy using a standardized protocol. JCO 17(3):855 Berry DL, Theriault RL, Holmes FA, Parisi VM, Booser DJ, Singletary SE, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (1999) Management of breast cancer during pregnancy using a standardized protocol. JCO 17(3):855
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardonick E, Iacobucci A (2004) Use of chemotherapy during human pregnancy. Lancet Oncol 5(5):283–291PubMedCrossRef Cardonick E, Iacobucci A (2004) Use of chemotherapy during human pregnancy. Lancet Oncol 5(5):283–291PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Amant F, Loibl S, Neven P, Van Calsteren K (2012) Breast cancer in pregnancy. The Lancet 379(9815):570–579CrossRef Amant F, Loibl S, Neven P, Van Calsteren K (2012) Breast cancer in pregnancy. The Lancet 379(9815):570–579CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Amant F, Van Calsteren K, Halaska MJ et al (2012) Long-term cognitive and cardiac outcomes after prenatal exposure to chemotherapy in children aged 18 months or older: an observational study. Lancet Oncol 13(3):256–264PubMedCrossRef Amant F, Van Calsteren K, Halaska MJ et al (2012) Long-term cognitive and cardiac outcomes after prenatal exposure to chemotherapy in children aged 18 months or older: an observational study. Lancet Oncol 13(3):256–264PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardonick E, Bhat A, Gilmandyar D, Somer R (2012) Maternal and fetal outcomes of taxane chemotherapy in breast and ovarian cancer during pregnancy: case series and review of the literature. Ann Oncol 23(12):3016–3023PubMedCrossRef Cardonick E, Bhat A, Gilmandyar D, Somer R (2012) Maternal and fetal outcomes of taxane chemotherapy in breast and ovarian cancer during pregnancy: case series and review of the literature. Ann Oncol 23(12):3016–3023PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Amant F, von Minckwitz G, Han SN et al (2013) Prognosis of women with primary breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: results from an international collaborative study. J Clin Oncol 31(20):2532–2539PubMedCrossRef Amant F, von Minckwitz G, Han SN et al (2013) Prognosis of women with primary breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: results from an international collaborative study. J Clin Oncol 31(20):2532–2539PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Greene F (1988) Gestational breast cancer: a ten-year experience. South Med J 18(12):1509–1511CrossRef Greene F (1988) Gestational breast cancer: a ten-year experience. South Med J 18(12):1509–1511CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Ezzat A, Raja MA, Berry J, Zwaan FE, Jamshed A, Rhydderch D, Rostom A, Bazarbashi S (1996) Impact of pregnancy on non-metastatic breast cancer: a case control study. Clin Oncol 8:367–370CrossRef Ezzat A, Raja MA, Berry J, Zwaan FE, Jamshed A, Rhydderch D, Rostom A, Bazarbashi S (1996) Impact of pregnancy on non-metastatic breast cancer: a case control study. Clin Oncol 8:367–370CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Ibrahim EM, Ezzat A, Baloush A, Hussain ZH, Mohammed GH (2000) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a case–control study in a young population with a high-fertility rate. Med Oncol 17:293–300PubMedCrossRef Ibrahim EM, Ezzat A, Baloush A, Hussain ZH, Mohammed GH (2000) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a case–control study in a young population with a high-fertility rate. Med Oncol 17:293–300PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Beadle BM, Woodward WA, Middleton LP, Tereffe W, Strom EA, Litton JK, Meric-Bernstam F, Theriault RL, Buchholz TA, Perkins GH (2009) The impact of pregnancy on breast cancer outcomes in women < or = 35 years. Cancer 115(6):1174–1184PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Beadle BM, Woodward WA, Middleton LP, Tereffe W, Strom EA, Litton JK, Meric-Bernstam F, Theriault RL, Buchholz TA, Perkins GH (2009) The impact of pregnancy on breast cancer outcomes in women < or = 35 years. Cancer 115(6):1174–1184PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Stensheim H, Moller B, van Dijk T, Fossa SD (2009) Cause-specific survival for women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or lactation: a registry-based cohort study. J Clin Oncol 27(1):45–51PubMedCrossRef Stensheim H, Moller B, van Dijk T, Fossa SD (2009) Cause-specific survival for women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or lactation: a registry-based cohort study. J Clin Oncol 27(1):45–51PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Halaska MJ, Pentheroudakis G, Strnad P, Stankusova H, Chod J, Robova H, Petruzelka L, Rob L, Pavlidis N (2009) Presentation, management and outcome of 32 patients with pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a matched controlled study. Breast J 15(5):461–467PubMedCrossRef Halaska MJ, Pentheroudakis G, Strnad P, Stankusova H, Chod J, Robova H, Petruzelka L, Rob L, Pavlidis N (2009) Presentation, management and outcome of 32 patients with pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a matched controlled study. Breast J 15(5):461–467PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Bladström A, Anderson H, Olsson H (2003) Worse survival in breast cancer among women with recent childbirth: results from a Swedish population-based register study. Clin Breast Cancer 4(4):280–285PubMedCrossRef Bladström A, Anderson H, Olsson H (2003) Worse survival in breast cancer among women with recent childbirth: results from a Swedish population-based register study. Clin Breast Cancer 4(4):280–285PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Guinee VF, Olsson H, Möller T, Hess KR, Taylor SH, Fahey T, Gladikov JV, van den Blink JW, Bonichon F, Dische S et al (1994) Effect of pregnancy on prognosis for young women with breast cancer. Lancet 343(8913):1587–1589PubMedCrossRef Guinee VF, Olsson H, Möller T, Hess KR, Taylor SH, Fahey T, Gladikov JV, van den Blink JW, Bonichon F, Dische S et al (1994) Effect of pregnancy on prognosis for young women with breast cancer. Lancet 343(8913):1587–1589PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Tretli SKG, Kvalheim G, Thoresen’ S, Host H (1988) Survival of breast cancer patients diagnosed during pregnancy or lactation. Br J Cancer 58:382–384PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tretli SKG, Kvalheim G, Thoresen’ S, Host H (1988) Survival of breast cancer patients diagnosed during pregnancy or lactation. Br J Cancer 58:382–384PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Azim HA Jr, Botteri E, Renne G, Dell’orto P, Rotmensz N, Gentilini O, Sangalli C, Pruneri G, Di Nubila B, Locatelli M et al (2012) The biological features and prognosis of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: a case-control study. Acta Oncol 51(5):653–661PubMedCrossRef Azim HA Jr, Botteri E, Renne G, Dell’orto P, Rotmensz N, Gentilini O, Sangalli C, Pruneri G, Di Nubila B, Locatelli M et al (2012) The biological features and prognosis of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: a case-control study. Acta Oncol 51(5):653–661PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathelin C, Annane K, Treisser A, Chenard MP, Tomasetto C, Bellocq JP, Rio MC (2008) Pregnancy and post-partum breast cancer: a prospective study. Anticancer Res 28(4C):2447–2452PubMed Mathelin C, Annane K, Treisser A, Chenard MP, Tomasetto C, Bellocq JP, Rio MC (2008) Pregnancy and post-partum breast cancer: a prospective study. Anticancer Res 28(4C):2447–2452PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Johansson AL, Andersson TM, Hsieh CC, Cnattingius S, Lambe M (2011) Increased mortality in women with breast cancer detected during pregnancy and different periods postpartum. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 20(9):1865–1872PubMedCrossRef Johansson AL, Andersson TM, Hsieh CC, Cnattingius S, Lambe M (2011) Increased mortality in women with breast cancer detected during pregnancy and different periods postpartum. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 20(9):1865–1872PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Azim HA Jr, Santoro L, Russell-Edu W, Pentheroudakis G, Pavlidis N, Peccatori FA (2012) Prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 30 studies. Cancer Treat Rev 38(7):834–842PubMedCrossRef Azim HA Jr, Santoro L, Russell-Edu W, Pentheroudakis G, Pavlidis N, Peccatori FA (2012) Prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 30 studies. Cancer Treat Rev 38(7):834–842PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Azim HA Jr, Santoro L, Pavlidis N, Gelber S, Kroman N, Azim H, Peccatori FA (2011) Safety of pregnancy following breast cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of 14 studies. Eur J Cancer 47(1):74–83PubMedCrossRef Azim HA Jr, Santoro L, Pavlidis N, Gelber S, Kroman N, Azim H, Peccatori FA (2011) Safety of pregnancy following breast cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of 14 studies. Eur J Cancer 47(1):74–83PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Sankila R, Heinävaara S, Hakulinen T (1994) Survival of breast cancer patients after subsequent term pregnancy: “healthy mother effect”. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170(3):818–823PubMedCrossRef Sankila R, Heinävaara S, Hakulinen T (1994) Survival of breast cancer patients after subsequent term pregnancy: “healthy mother effect”. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170(3):818–823PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Azim H, Korman N, Paesmas M et al (2013) Prognostic impact of pregnancy after breast cancer according to estrogen receptor status: a multicenter retrospective study. J Clin Oncol 21(1):73–79CrossRef Azim H, Korman N, Paesmas M et al (2013) Prognostic impact of pregnancy after breast cancer according to estrogen receptor status: a multicenter retrospective study. J Clin Oncol 21(1):73–79CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 151:264–269PubMedCrossRef Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 151:264–269PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Parmar MK, Torri V, Stewart L (1998) Extracting summary statistics to perform metaanalyses of the published literature for survival endpoints. Stat Med 17:2815–2834PubMedCrossRef Parmar MK, Torri V, Stewart L (1998) Extracting summary statistics to perform metaanalyses of the published literature for survival endpoints. Stat Med 17:2815–2834PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat DerSimonian R, Laird N (1986) Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 7:177–188PubMedCrossRef DerSimonian R, Laird N (1986) Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 7:177–188PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br Med J 315:629–634CrossRef Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br Med J 315:629–634CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Orwin RG (1983) A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis. J Educ Stat 8:157–159CrossRef Orwin RG (1983) A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis. J Educ Stat 8:157–159CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Cordoba O, Bellet M, Vidal X, Cortes J, Llurba E, Rubio IT, Xercavins J (2012) Pregnancy after treatment of breast cancer in young women does not adversely affect the prognosis. Breast 21(3):272–275PubMedCrossRef Cordoba O, Bellet M, Vidal X, Cortes J, Llurba E, Rubio IT, Xercavins J (2012) Pregnancy after treatment of breast cancer in young women does not adversely affect the prognosis. Breast 21(3):272–275PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Litton JK, Warneke CL, Hahn KM, Palla SL, Kuerer HM, Perkins GH, Mittendorf EA, Barnett C, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hortobagyi GN et al (2013) Case control study of women treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy as compared with nonpregnant patients with breast cancer. Oncologist 18(4):369–376PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Litton JK, Warneke CL, Hahn KM, Palla SL, Kuerer HM, Perkins GH, Mittendorf EA, Barnett C, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hortobagyi GN et al (2013) Case control study of women treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy as compared with nonpregnant patients with breast cancer. Oncologist 18(4):369–376PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Wallgren A, Silfverswärd C, Hultborn A (1977) Carcinoma of the breast in women under 30 years of age: a clinical and histopathological study of all cases reported as carcinoma to the Swedwish cancer Registry, 1958–1968. Cancer 40:916–923PubMedCrossRef Wallgren A, Silfverswärd C, Hultborn A (1977) Carcinoma of the breast in women under 30 years of age: a clinical and histopathological study of all cases reported as carcinoma to the Swedwish cancer Registry, 1958–1968. Cancer 40:916–923PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Aziz S, Pervez S, Khan S, Siddiqui T, Kayani N, Israr M, Rahbar M (2003) Case control study of novel prognostic markers and disease outcome in pregnancy/lactation-associated breast carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 199(1):15–21PubMedCrossRef Aziz S, Pervez S, Khan S, Siddiqui T, Kayani N, Israr M, Rahbar M (2003) Case control study of novel prognostic markers and disease outcome in pregnancy/lactation-associated breast carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 199(1):15–21PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Siegelmann-Danieli N, Tamir A, Zohar H, Papa MZ, Chetver LL, Gallimidi Z, Stein ME, Kuten A (2003) Breast cancer in women with recent exposure to fertility medications is associated with poor prognostic features. Ann Surg Oncol 10(9):1031–1038PubMedCrossRef Siegelmann-Danieli N, Tamir A, Zohar H, Papa MZ, Chetver LL, Gallimidi Z, Stein ME, Kuten A (2003) Breast cancer in women with recent exposure to fertility medications is associated with poor prognostic features. Ann Surg Oncol 10(9):1031–1038PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy CG, Mallam D, Stein S, Patil S, Howard J, Sklarin N, Hudis CA, Gemignani ML, Seidman AD (2012) Current or recent pregnancy is associated with adverse pathologic features but not impaired survival in early breast cancer. Cancer 118(13):3254–3259PubMedCrossRef Murphy CG, Mallam D, Stein S, Patil S, Howard J, Sklarin N, Hudis CA, Gemignani ML, Seidman AD (2012) Current or recent pregnancy is associated with adverse pathologic features but not impaired survival in early breast cancer. Cancer 118(13):3254–3259PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Valentini A, Lubinski J, Byrski T, Ghadirian P, Moller P, Lynch HT, Ainsworth P, Neuhausen SL, Weitzel J, Singer CF et al (2013) The impact of pregnancy on breast cancer survival in women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 142(1):177–185PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Valentini A, Lubinski J, Byrski T, Ghadirian P, Moller P, Lynch HT, Ainsworth P, Neuhausen SL, Weitzel J, Singer CF et al (2013) The impact of pregnancy on breast cancer survival in women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 142(1):177–185PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell RJ, Fradkin P, Parathithasan N, Robinson PJ, Schwarz M, Davis SR (2013) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer and pregnancy following treatment for breast cancer, in a cohort of women from Victoria, Australia, with a first diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. Breast 22(5):980–985PubMedCrossRef Bell RJ, Fradkin P, Parathithasan N, Robinson PJ, Schwarz M, Davis SR (2013) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer and pregnancy following treatment for breast cancer, in a cohort of women from Victoria, Australia, with a first diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. Breast 22(5):980–985PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Framarino-Dei-Malatesta M, Piccioni MG, Brunelli R, Iannini I, Cascialli G, Sammartino P (2014) Breast cancer during pregnancy: a retrospective study on obstetrical problems and survival. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 173:48–52PubMedCrossRef Framarino-Dei-Malatesta M, Piccioni MG, Brunelli R, Iannini I, Cascialli G, Sammartino P (2014) Breast cancer during pregnancy: a retrospective study on obstetrical problems and survival. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 173:48–52PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang YL, Chan KA, Hsieh FJ, Chang LY, Wang MY (2014) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer in Taiwanese women: potential treatment delay and impact on survival. PLoS One 9(11):e111934PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yang YL, Chan KA, Hsieh FJ, Chang LY, Wang MY (2014) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer in Taiwanese women: potential treatment delay and impact on survival. PLoS One 9(11):e111934PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Madaras L, Kovacs KA, Szasz AM, Kenessey I, Tokes AM, Szekely B, Baranyak Z, Kiss O, Dank M, Kulka J (2014) Clinicopathological features and prognosis of pregnancy associated breast cancer—a matched case control study. Pathol Oncol Res 20(3):581–590PubMedCrossRef Madaras L, Kovacs KA, Szasz AM, Kenessey I, Tokes AM, Szekely B, Baranyak Z, Kiss O, Dank M, Kulka J (2014) Clinicopathological features and prognosis of pregnancy associated breast cancer—a matched case control study. Pathol Oncol Res 20(3):581–590PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Baulies S, Cusidó M, Tresserra F, Fargas F, Rodriguez I, Ubeda B, Ara C, Fabregas R (2015) Biological and pathological features in pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a matched case-control study. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 36(4):420–423PubMed Baulies S, Cusidó M, Tresserra F, Fargas F, Rodriguez I, Ubeda B, Ara C, Fabregas R (2015) Biological and pathological features in pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a matched case-control study. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 36(4):420–423PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Genin AS, De Rycke Y, Stevens D, Donnadieu A, Langer A, Rouzier R, Lerebours F (2015) Association with pregnancy increases the risk of local recurrence but does not impact overall survival in breast cancer: A case-control study of 87 cases. The Breast. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2015.09.006 PubMed Genin AS, De Rycke Y, Stevens D, Donnadieu A, Langer A, Rouzier R, Lerebours F (2015) Association with pregnancy increases the risk of local recurrence but does not impact overall survival in breast cancer: A case-control study of 87 cases. The Breast. doi:10.​1016/​j.​breast.​2015.​09.​006 PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Dimitrakakis C, Zagouri F, Tsigginou A, Marinopoulos S, Sergentanis TN, Keramopoulos A, Zografos GC, Ampela K, Mpaltas D, Papadimitriou C et al (2013) Does pregnancy-associated breast cancer imply a worse prognosis? A matched case-case study. Breast Care (Basel) 8(3):203–207CrossRef Dimitrakakis C, Zagouri F, Tsigginou A, Marinopoulos S, Sergentanis TN, Keramopoulos A, Zografos GC, Ampela K, Mpaltas D, Papadimitriou C et al (2013) Does pregnancy-associated breast cancer imply a worse prognosis? A matched case-case study. Breast Care (Basel) 8(3):203–207CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Mignot L, Morvan F, Berdah J (1986) Pregnancy after treated breast cancer. Results of a case-control study. Presse Med 15(39):1961–1964PubMed Mignot L, Morvan F, Berdah J (1986) Pregnancy after treated breast cancer. Results of a case-control study. Presse Med 15(39):1961–1964PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Ariel IM, Kemper R (1989) The prognosis of patients who become pregnant after mastectomy for breast cancer. Int Surg 74(3):185–187PubMed Ariel IM, Kemper R (1989) The prognosis of patients who become pregnant after mastectomy for breast cancer. Int Surg 74(3):185–187PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Lethaby AE, O’Neill MA, Mason BH, Holdaway IM, Harvey VJ (1996) Overall survival from breast cancer in women pregnant or lactating at or after diagnosis. Auckland breast cancer study group. Int J Cancer 67(6):751–755PubMedCrossRef Lethaby AE, O’Neill MA, Mason BH, Holdaway IM, Harvey VJ (1996) Overall survival from breast cancer in women pregnant or lactating at or after diagnosis. Auckland breast cancer study group. Int J Cancer 67(6):751–755PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Velentgas P, Daling J, Malone KE et al (1999) Pregnancy after breast carcinoma: outcomes and influence on mortality. Cancer 85(11):2424–2432PubMedCrossRef Velentgas P, Daling J, Malone KE et al (1999) Pregnancy after breast carcinoma: outcomes and influence on mortality. Cancer 85(11):2424–2432PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Rippy EE, Karat I, Kissin MW (2009) Pregnancy after breast cancer: the importance of active counselling and planning. The Breast 18:343–350CrossRef Rippy EE, Karat I, Kissin MW (2009) Pregnancy after breast cancer: the importance of active counselling and planning. The Breast 18:343–350CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Kranick J, Schaefer C, Rowell S, Desai M et al (2010) Is pregnancy after breast cancer safe? Breast J 16(4):404–411PubMed Kranick J, Schaefer C, Rowell S, Desai M et al (2010) Is pregnancy after breast cancer safe? Breast J 16(4):404–411PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Largillier R, Savignoni A, Gligorov J, Chollet P, Guilhaume MN, Spielmann M, Luporsi E, Asselain B, Coudert B, Namer M et al (2009) Prognostic role of pregnancy occurring before or after treatment of early breast cancer patients aged <35 years: a GET(N)A working group analysis. Cancer 115(22):5155–5165PubMedCrossRef Largillier R, Savignoni A, Gligorov J, Chollet P, Guilhaume MN, Spielmann M, Luporsi E, Asselain B, Coudert B, Namer M et al (2009) Prognostic role of pregnancy occurring before or after treatment of early breast cancer patients aged <35 years: a GET(N)A working group analysis. Cancer 115(22):5155–5165PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelber S, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A et al (2001) Effect of pregnancy on overall survival after the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 19(6):1671–1675PubMed Gelber S, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A et al (2001) Effect of pregnancy on overall survival after the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 19(6):1671–1675PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Mueller BA, Simon MS, Deapen D et al (2003) Childbearing and survival after breast carcinoma in young women. Cancer 98(6):1131–1140PubMedCrossRef Mueller BA, Simon MS, Deapen D et al (2003) Childbearing and survival after breast carcinoma in young women. Cancer 98(6):1131–1140PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M, Semmens J (2007) Pregnancy after breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 334(7586):194PubMedCrossRef Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M, Semmens J (2007) Pregnancy after breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 334(7586):194PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Kroman N, Jensen M, Wohlfahrt J, Ejlertsen B (2008) Pregnancy after treatment for breast cancer—a population based study on behalf of Danish breast cancer cooperative group. Acta Oncol 47(4):545–549PubMedCrossRef Kroman N, Jensen M, Wohlfahrt J, Ejlertsen B (2008) Pregnancy after treatment for breast cancer—a population based study on behalf of Danish breast cancer cooperative group. Acta Oncol 47(4):545–549PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Janerich D (2001) The fetal antigen hypothesis: cancers and beyond. Med Hypotheses 56(1):101–103PubMedCrossRef Janerich D (2001) The fetal antigen hypothesis: cancers and beyond. Med Hypotheses 56(1):101–103PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Mavrou AKE, Kouvidi E, Antsaklis A et al (2007) Identification of nucleated red blood cells in maternal circulation: a second step in screening for fetal aneuploidies and pregnancy complications. Prenat Diagn 27(2):150–153PubMedCrossRef Mavrou AKE, Kouvidi E, Antsaklis A et al (2007) Identification of nucleated red blood cells in maternal circulation: a second step in screening for fetal aneuploidies and pregnancy complications. Prenat Diagn 27(2):150–153PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S (1999) Hormonal prevention of breast cancer: mimicking the protective effect of pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(5):2520–2525PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S (1999) Hormonal prevention of breast cancer: mimicking the protective effect of pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(5):2520–2525PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Mausner JS, Shimkin M, Moss NH, Rosemond GP (1969) Cancer of the breast in Philadelphia hospitals 1951–1964. Cancer 23(2):260–274PubMedCrossRef Mausner JS, Shimkin M, Moss NH, Rosemond GP (1969) Cancer of the breast in Philadelphia hospitals 1951–1964. Cancer 23(2):260–274PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Zemlickis D, Lishner M, Degendorfer P, Panzarella T, Burke B, Sutcliffe SB, Koren G (1992) Maternal and fetal outcome after breast cancer in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166(3):781–787PubMedCrossRef Zemlickis D, Lishner M, Degendorfer P, Panzarella T, Burke B, Sutcliffe SB, Koren G (1992) Maternal and fetal outcome after breast cancer in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166(3):781–787PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson BO, Petrek JA, Byrd DR, Senie RT, Borgen PI (1996) Pregnancy influences breast cancer stage at diagnosis in women 30 years of age and younger. Ann Surg Oncol 3(2):204–211PubMedCrossRef Anderson BO, Petrek JA, Byrd DR, Senie RT, Borgen PI (1996) Pregnancy influences breast cancer stage at diagnosis in women 30 years of age and younger. Ann Surg Oncol 3(2):204–211PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonnier P, Romain S, Dilhuydy J, Bonichon F, Julien J, Charpin C, Lejeune C, Martin P, Piana L on behalf of the socie′ te′ franc ,aise de sėnologie et de (1997) Influence of pregnancy on the outcome of breast cancer: a case-control study. Int J Cancer 72:720–727 Bonnier P, Romain S, Dilhuydy J, Bonichon F, Julien J, Charpin C, Lejeune C, Martin P, Piana L on behalf of the socie′ te′ franc ,aise de sėnologie et de (1997) Influence of pregnancy on the outcome of breast cancer: a case-control study. Int J Cancer 72:720–727
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Daling JR, Malone KE, Doody DR, Anderson BO, Porter PL (2002) The relation of reproductive factors to mortality from breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 11:235–241 Daling JR, Malone KE, Doody DR, Anderson BO, Porter PL (2002) The relation of reproductive factors to mortality from breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 11:235–241
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Whiteman MK, Hillis SD, Curtis KM, McDonald JA, Wingo PA, Marchbanks PA (2004) Reproductive history and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol 104(1):146–154PubMedCrossRef Whiteman MK, Hillis SD, Curtis KM, McDonald JA, Wingo PA, Marchbanks PA (2004) Reproductive history and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol 104(1):146–154PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez AO, Chew H, Cress R, Xing G, McElvy S, Danielsen B, Smith L (2008) Evidence of poorer survival in pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol 112(1):71–78PubMedCrossRef Rodriguez AO, Chew H, Cress R, Xing G, McElvy S, Danielsen B, Smith L (2008) Evidence of poorer survival in pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol 112(1):71–78PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Moreira WB, Brandão EC, Soares AN, de Lucena CEM, Antunes CMF (2010) Prognosis for patients diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a paired case-control study. Sao Paulo Med 128(3):119–124CrossRef Moreira WB, Brandão EC, Soares AN, de Lucena CEM, Antunes CMF (2010) Prognosis for patients diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a paired case-control study. Sao Paulo Med 128(3):119–124CrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ali SA, Gupta S, Sehgal R, Vogel V (2012) Survival outcomes in pregnancy associated breast cancer: a retrospective case control study. Breast J 18(2):139–144PubMedCrossRef Ali SA, Gupta S, Sehgal R, Vogel V (2012) Survival outcomes in pregnancy associated breast cancer: a retrospective case control study. Breast J 18(2):139–144PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Johansson AL, Andersson TM, Hsieh CC, Jirstrom K, Dickman P, Cnattingius S, Lambe M (2013) Stage at diagnosis and mortality in women with pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC). Breast Cancer Res Treat 139(1):183–192PubMedCrossRef Johansson AL, Andersson TM, Hsieh CC, Jirstrom K, Dickman P, Cnattingius S, Lambe M (2013) Stage at diagnosis and mortality in women with pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC). Breast Cancer Res Treat 139(1):183–192PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Blakely LJ, Buzdar A, Lozada JA et al (2004) Effects of pregnancy after treatment for breast carcinoma on survival and risk of recurrence. Cancer 100(3):465–469PubMedCrossRef Blakely LJ, Buzdar A, Lozada JA et al (2004) Effects of pregnancy after treatment for breast carcinoma on survival and risk of recurrence. Cancer 100(3):465–469PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The prognosis of women diagnosed with breast cancer before, during and after pregnancy: a meta-analysis
verfasst von
Emily K. Hartman
Guy D. Eslick
Publikationsdatum
28.09.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 0167-6806
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7217
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3989-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2016

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.