Background
Methods
Subjects and grouping
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes
Variable | P-NGT group | GDM group | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 304) | (n = 152) | ||
Age (years) | 29 (26, 32) | 29 (26, 33) | 0.171 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.23 (19.56, 23.24) | 22.32 (20.20, 24.17) | 0.001* |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 110 (104, 120) | 112 (102, 120) | 0.294 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70 (65, 75) | 70 (65, 78) | 0.673 |
HbA1c (%) | 4.80 (4.50, 4.90) | 4.90 (4.40, 5.20) | < 0.001** |
FPG (mmol/L) | 4.20 (4.00, 4.50) | 4.90 (4.40, 5.65) | < 0.001** |
1-h PG (mmol/L) | 6.70 (5.70, 7.95) | 9.80 (7.78, 10.90) | < 0.001** |
2-h PG (mmol/L) | 6.30 (5.40, 6.90) | 8.50 (6.13, 9.20) | < 0.001** |
FINS (mU/L) | 8.72 (5.96, 12.98) | 10.26 (6.69, 15.46) | 0.010* |
1-h INS (mU/L) | 61.49 (42.55, 86.39) | 74.00 (48.65, 117.00) | 0.010* |
2-h INS (mU/L) | 60.70 (39.81, 82.71) | 84.06 (51.94, 133.75) | < 0.001** |
HOMA-IR | 1.64 (1.09, 2.51) | 2.20 (1.46, 3.84) | < 0.001** |
HOM-AB | 3.68 (1.73, 3.68) | 1.75 (0.94, 2.56) | < 0.001** |
ALT (U/L) | 15 (11, 23) | 13 (10.00, 22) | 0.301 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 8.00 (6.90,10.00) | 8.00 (6.25,9.69) | 0.569 |
Creatinine (umol/L) | 46 (43, 51) | 47 (42, 51) | 0.494 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 213 (184,259) | 230 (195,256) | 0.130 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.17 (1.73,2.80) | 2.41 (1.90,3.11) | 0.023* |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.07 (5.53, 6.82) | 5.97 (5.27, 6.66) | 0.093 |
White blood cell (× 109/L) | 9.12 ± 2.02 | 9.90 ± 2.07 | < 0.001* |
Platelet count (×109/L) | 217.50 ± 48.21 | 224.07 ± 42.06 | 0.061 |
Parity | 2 (1,2) | 1 (1,2) | 0.439 |
Weight gain during pregnancy (Kg) Systolic pressure before delivery (mmHg) | 15.85 ± 5.37 120 (110,126) | 14.09 ± 6.47 120 (117,127) | 0.014* 0.135 |
Fetus birth weight (g) | 3398.92 ± 461.79 | 3542.10 ± 448.09 | 0.003* |
PROM (n,%) | 22 (7.6) | 19 (13.29) | 0.033* |
Macrosomia (n,%) | 20 (6.99) | 24 (16.78) | 0.004* |
Fetal distress in the uterus (n,%) | 25 (8.74) | 13 (0.091) | 0.991 |
Clinical characteristics in women with and without PROM in the GDM group
Variable | non-PROM group | PROM group | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 130) | (n = 22) | ||
Age (years) | 29 (26, 32) | 32 (28, 34) | 0.030* |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.21 (20.20, 24.72) | 22.57 (20.22, 24.45) | 0.778 |
SBP (mmHg) | 114.00 (106.50, 120.00) | 112.00 (100.00, 121.25) | 0.676 |
DBP (mmHg) | 70.00 (65.00, 80.00) | 70.00 (65.25, 75.00) | 0.478 |
HbA1c (%) | 4.90 (4.30, 5.50) | 4.90 (4.70, 5.10) | 0.839 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 4.80 (4.30, 5.50) | 4.80 (4.50, 5.40) | 0.746 |
1-h PG (mmol/L) | 9.80 (8.10, 10.90) | 10.10 (7.90, 10.90) | 0.676 |
2-h PG (mmol/L) | 8.30 (6.15, 9.15) | 9.05 (6.98, 9.93) | 0.140 |
FINS (mU/L) | 10.00 (6.64, 13.03) | 11.00 (5.30, 21.00) | 0.494 |
1-h INS (mU/L) | 76.97 (47.80, 119.28) | 72.15 (40.50, 87.80) | 0.444 |
2-h INS (mU/L) | 81.30 (51.88, 130.30) | 77.00 (49.41, 122.35) | 0.579 |
ALT (U/L) | 12 (10, 21) | 11 (9, 14) | 0.086 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 7.70 (6.20, 9.60) | 8.00 (6.00, 10.50) | 0.923 |
Creatinine (umolL) | 46 (43, 51) | 49 (41, 52) | 0.668 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 233 (203, 255) | 197 (187, 237) | 0.030* |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.41 (1.90, 3.05) | 2.84 (2.03, 4.04) | 0.146 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.95 (5.24, 6.59) | 6.03 (5.44, 7.28) | 0.353 |
White blood cell (×109/L) | 9.98 ± 2.11 | 10.04 ± 2.39 | 0.974 |
Platelet count (×109/L) | 226.96 ± 47.22 | 210.07 ± 48.49 | 0.155 |
Weight gain (Kg) | 14.50 ± 6.50 | 12.78 ± 5.34 | 0.348 |
Fetus birth weight (g) | 3545.95 ± 440.31 | 3510.26 ± 514.52 | 0.859 |
Correlation between SUA and PROM
Variables | non-GDM | GDM | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Age (years) | 1.02 (0.84-1.22) | 0.901 | 1.19 (1.01-1.42) | 0.049* |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 1.01 (0.77-1.30) | 0.984 | 1.18 (0.84-1.66) | 0.345 |
1-h PG (mmol/L) | 1.17 (0.71-1.91) | 0.544 | 1.01 (0.66-1.54) | 0.963 |
Parity | 0.75 (0.18-3.15) | 0.689 | 0.35 (0.05-2.23) | 0.265 |
Weight gain (kg) | 0.94 (0.84-1.06) | 0.331 | 0.93 (0.79-1.09) | 0.344 |
Uric acid levels (μmol/L) | 0.579 | 0.043* | ||
SUA tertiles (μmol/L) | ||||
0-197 | 1 | 1 | ||
198-247 | 2.53 (0.36-17.90) | 0.352 | 0.13 (0.02-0.95) | 0.044* |
≥ 247 | 2.34 (0.43-12.84) | 0.329 | 0.07 (0.01-0.93) | 0.044* |