Background
Methods
Subjects and study design
Mood and sleep assessments
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | Sumsqr | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 sadness
| 0.099 |
0.445
|
0.304
| 0.268 | 0.372 |
#2 pessimism
| −0.027 | 0.032 |
0.306
| 0.213 | 0.141 |
#3 past failure
| 0.243 | 0.224 | 0.039 |
0.493
| 0.354 |
#4 loss of pleasure
| −0.178 |
0.980
| 0.025 | −0.005 | 0.993 |
#5 guilty feelings
|
0.390
| 0.175 | 0.258 | 0.227 | 0.301 |
#6 punishment feelings
|
0.928
| 0.286 | −0.005 | −0.239 | 1.000 |
#7 self-dislike
|
0.295
| −0.073 | −0.034 | 0.199 | 0.133 |
#8 worthlessness
| −0.022 | 0.172 |
0.289
| 0.147 | 0.135 |
#10 crying
| 0.062 | 0.051 |
0.322
| −0.031 | 0.111 |
#11 irritability
| 0.012 | 0.207 | 0.099 |
0.313
| 0.151 |
#12 lost interest in people
| 0.168 |
0.375
| 0.183 | 0.060 | 0.206 |
#13 indecisiveness
| −0.033 | 0.133 | 0.158 |
0.582
| 0.383 |
#14 looking ugly
| 0.115 |
0.445
| −0.019 | 0.238 | 0.269 |
#15 impaired work capability
| 0.074 | −0.149 | −0.036 |
0.482
| 0.262 |
#16 changed sleep pattern
| 0.153 | 0.087 | 0.218 |
0.554
| 0.385 |
#17 fatigue or tiredness
| 0.003 | 0.175 | −0.105 |
0.476
| 0.269 |
#18 lost appetite
| −0.033 | −0.110 |
0.984
| −0.104 | 0.993 |
#20 worries about health
| 0.295 |
0.486
| 0.006 | 0.099 | 0.333 |
#21 lost interest in sex
| −0.077 | 0.377 | 0.058 |
0.521
| 0.423 |
Sumsqr
| 1.372 | 2.211 | 1.544 | 2.088 |
Statistical analysis
Results
Younger (n =11) | Perimenopausal (n = 20) | Postmenopausal (n = 28) | |
---|---|---|---|
mean (SD)
| |||
Age (years) | 23.1 (1.6) | 47.7 (2.3) | 63.3 (3.6) |
FSH (U/L) | 3.8 (2.8) | 10.6 (4.8) | 76.2 (29.2) |
E2 (pml/L) | 91.8 (87.3) | 327.2 (330.2) | 31.2 (10.6) |
BMI kg/m2
| 23.1 (3.1) | 23.9 (2.4) | 27.2 (4.2) |
BDI score (total) | 1.8 (1.7) | 4.1 (3.3) | 6.3 (3.9) |
F1 punishment/guilty feelings | −0.26 (0.08) | 0.18 (1.26) | 0.01 (1.0) |
F2 dissatisfaction | −0.48 (0.06) | 0.04 (1.08) | 0.10 (1.05) |
F3 depressive-emotional symptoms | 0.20 (1.64) | −0.20 (0.14) | 0.07 (1.07) |
F4 depressive-somatic symptoms | −0.62 (0.38) | −0.21 (0.70) | 0.38 (1.02) |
BDI factors and insomnia
Punishment/guilty feelings (F1) | Dissatisfaction (F2) | Depressive-emotional (F3) | Depressive-somatic (F4) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| ||
Younger women
| |||||||||||||
BNSQ insomnia
|
simple
| −0.005 | −0.025 to 0.015 | 0.651 | −0.011 | −0.023 to 0.001 | 0.081 |
0.366
|
0.011 to 0.720
|
0.043
| −0.039 | −0.133 to 0.055 | 0.416 |
age-adjusted
| −0.009 | −0.028 to 0.011 | 0.385 |
−0.014
|
−0.025 to −0.002
|
0.023
|
0.442
|
0.103 to 0.781
|
0.011
| −0.059 | −0.149 to 0.030 | 0.194 | |
Perimenopausal women
| |||||||||||||
BNSQ insomnia
|
simple
| −0.062 | −0.205 to 0.081 | 0.394 | 0.105 | −0.011 to 0.221 | 0.077 |
0.018
|
0.004 to 0.032
|
0.011
|
0.078
|
0.005 to 0.151
|
0.036
|
age-adjusted
| 0.046 | −0.134 to 0.226 | 0.618 |
0.159
|
0.006 to 0.312
|
0.042
|
0.025
|
0.007 to 0.043
|
0.006
| 0.052 | −0.045 to 0.149 | 0.296 | |
Postmenopausal women
| |||||||||||||
BNSQ insomnia
|
simple
|
0.123
|
0.029 to 0.216
|
0.010
| −0.054 | −0.161 to 0.053 | 0.323 | 0.003 | −0.109 to 0.115 | 0.955 | 0.088 | −0.013 to 0.189 | 0.086 |
age-adjusted
|
0.126
|
0.035 to 0.217
|
0.007
| −0.056 | −0.163 to 0.051 | 0.306 | 0.006 | −0.104 to 0.117 | 0.913 | 0.086 | −0.014 to 0.187 | 0.091 |
BDI factors and general sleep
Punishment/guilty feelings (F1) | Dissatisfaction (F2) | Depressive-emotional symptoms (F3) | Depressive-somatic symptoms (F4) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| |
Younger women
| ||||||||||||
Sleep latency
| 0.002 | −0.003 to 0.007 | 0.374 | 0.002 | −0.002 to 0.005 | 0.384 | −0.035 | −0.139 to 0.068 | 0.504 | 0.011 | −0.012 to 0.035 | 0.346 |
Sleep efficiency
| 0.002 | −0.007 to 0.010 | 0.672 | 0.001 | −0.004 to 0.007 | 0.666 | −0.039 | −0.210 to 0.132 | 0.655 | 0.009 | −0.030 to 0.049 | 0.644 |
Total sleep time
| 0.000 | −0.001 to 0.002 | 0.687 | 0.000 | −0.001 to 0.001 | 0.666 | −0.008 | −0.043 to 0.027 | 0.649 | 0.002 | −0.006 to 0.010 | 0.655 |
Number of arousals
| 0.000 | −0.002 to 0.002 | 0.695 | 0.000 | −0.001 to 0.002 | 0.675 | −0.015 | −0.056 to 0.027 | 0.487 | −0.001 | −0.011 to 0.009 | 0.863 |
Perimenopausal women
| ||||||||||||
Sleep latency
| −0.009 | −0.044 to 0.026 | 0.611 | −0.010 | −0.039 to 0.020 | 0.521 | 0.001 | −0.003 to 0.004 | 0.793 |
0.019
|
0.002 to 0.037
|
0.032
|
Sleep efficiency
| −0.004 | −0.063 to 0.055 | 0.896 | −0.028 | −0.077 to 0.022 | 0.276 | −0.005 | −0.011 to 0.001 | 0.075 | −0.023 | −0.054 to 0.009 | 0.159 |
Total sleep time
| −0.001 | −0.013 to 0.012 | 0.905 | −0.006 | −0.016 to 0.005 | 0.295 | −0.001 | −0.002 to 0.000 | 0.082 | −0.005 | −0.011 to 0.002 | 0.155 |
Number of arousals
| −0.002 | −0.014 to 0.011 | 0.806 | −0.005 | −0.016 to 0.005 | 0.290 | 0.000 | −0.001 to 0.001 | 0.823 | 0.005 | −0.002 to 0.011 | 0.167 |
Postmenopausal women
| ||||||||||||
Sleep latency
| 0.019 | −0.006 to 0.043 | 0.135 | −0.014 | −0.041 to 0.012 | 0.281 | 0.016 | −0.011 to 0.043 | 0.245 | 0.002 | −0.024 to 0.028 | 0.865 |
Sleep efficiency
| −0.028 | −0.059 to 0.003 | 0.079 | 0.014 | −0.020 to 0.048 | 0.405 | −0.020 | −0.054 to 0.014 | 0.254 | 0.003 | −0.030 to 0.037 | 0.843 |
Total sleep time
| −0.006 | −0.012 to 0.001 | 0.080 | 0.003 | −0.004 to 0.010 | 0.409 | −0.004 | −0.011 to 0.003 | 0.252 | 0.001 | −0.006 to 0.008 | 0.845 |
Number of arousals
| −0.001 | −0.006 to 0.004 | 0.767 | 0.002 | −0.003 to 0.008 | 0.399 | −0.002 | −0.008 to 0.003 | 0.432 | −0.005 | −0.010 to 0.000 | 0.068 |
BDI factors and REM sleep
Punishment/guilty feelings (F1) | Dissatisfaction (F2) | Depressive-emotional symptoms (F3) | Depressive-somatic symptoms (F4) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| |
Younger women
| ||||||||||||
REM latency
| 0.001 | 0.000 to 0.002 | 0.145 | 0.001 | 0.000 to 0.001 | 0.178 | −0.013 | −0.039 to 0.012 | 0.316 | 0.004 | −0.001 to 0.010 | 0.127 |
REM %
| −0.002 | −0.014 to 0.009 | 0.689 | 0.000 | −0.007 to 0.008 | 0.917 | −0.045 | −0.276 to 0.187 | 0.704 | −0.007 | −0.061 to 0.047 | 0.790 |
REM awakenings
|
−0.047
|
−0.080 to −0.014
|
0.005
|
−0.037
|
−0.056 to −0.017
|
<0.001
|
1.005
|
0.357 to 1.652
|
0.002
|
−0.247
|
−0.391 to −0.103
|
0.001
|
Perimenopausal women
| ||||||||||||
REM latency
| 0.002 | −0.015 to 0.020 | 0.787 |
0.016
|
0.003 to 0.030
|
0.017
| 0.001 | 0.000 to 0.003 | 0.148 | −0.005 | −0.015 to 0.004 | 0.290 |
REM %
| 0.036 | −0.053 to 0.124 | 0.428 | −0.026 | −0.102 to 0.051 | 0.509 | −0.004 | −0.013 to 0.006 | 0.451 | −0.019 | −0.068 to 0.031 | 0.459 |
REM awakenings
| −0.188 | −0.406 to 0.030 | 0.091 | 0.005 | −0.195 to 0.204 | 0.961 | −0.007 | −0.032 to 0.018 | 0.568 | −0.011 | −0.140 to 0.118 | 0.865 |
Postmenopausal women
| ||||||||||||
REM latency
| −0.001 | −0.016 to 0.013 | 0.855 | −0.008 | −0.023 to 0.006 | 0.269 | −0.001 | −0.017 to 0.015 | 0.895 | 0.003 | −0.012 to 0.018 | 0.713 |
REM %
| 0.004 | −0.066 to 0.074 | 0.911 | 0.022 | −0.052 to 0.095 | 0.558 | 0.038 | −0.036 to 0.112 | 0.317 |
0.091
|
0.028 to 0.154
|
0.005
|
REM awakenings
| 0.025 | −0.092 to 0.143 | 0.672 | 0.064 | −0.057 to 0.186 | 0.297 | −0.052 | −0.177 to 0.073 | 0.414 | −0.076 | −0.193 to 0.040 | 0.200 |
BDI factors and SWS
Punishment/guilty feelings (F1) | Dissatisfaction (F2) | Depressive-emotional symptoms (F3) | Depressive-somatic symptoms (F4) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| B | 95% CI |
p
| |
Younger women
| ||||||||||||
SWS latency
| 0.000 | −0.008 to 0.008 | 0.936 | −0.001 | −0.006 to 0.005 | 0.827 | 0.024 | −0.142 to 0.189 | 0.778 | 0.000 | −0.039 to 0.039 | 0.997 |
SWS %
| 0.011 | −0.002 to 0.023 | 0.093 |
0.012
|
0.005 to 0.018
|
0.001
|
−0.344
|
−0.542 to −0.147
|
0.001
|
0.062
|
0.008 to 0.117
|
0.025
|
SWS awakenings
|
−0.106
|
−0.205 to −0.007
|
0.036
|
−0.096
|
−0.152 to −0.040
|
0.001
|
2.701
|
0.913 to 4.490
|
0.003
|
−0.585
|
−1.024 to −0.146
|
0.009
|
SWA total
| 0.000 | −0.001 to 0.000 | 0.455 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.697 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.477 | −0.001 | −0.003 to 0.001 | 0.464 |
Perimenopausal women
| ||||||||||||
SWS latency
| −0.009 | −0.041 to 0.023 | 0.580 | −0.017 | −0.044 to 0.009 | 0.196 | −0.002 | −0.005 to 0.001 | 0.262 | 0.003 | −0.014 to 0.021 | 0.697 |
SWS %
| −0.022 | −0.117 to 0.073 | 0.656 | 0.028 | −0.052 to 0.109 | 0.492 | 0.005 | −0.005 to 0.015 | 0.338 | 0.020 | −0.032 to 0.072 | 0.442 |
SWS awakenings
| −0.069 | −0.437 to 0.299 | 0.714 | 0.052 | −0.264 to 0.367 | 0.749 | 0.015 | −0.025 to 0.054 | 0.467 | 0.107 | −0.092 to 0.306 | 0.292 |
SWA total
| −0.002 | −0.008 to 0.003 | 0.441 | −0.002 | −0.007 to 0.003 | 0.396 | 0.000 | −0.001 to 0.000 | 0.188 | −0.001 | −0.004 to 0.002 | 0.542 |
Postmenopausal women
| ||||||||||||
SWS latency
| 0.015 | −0.007 to 0.037 | 0.181 | −0.009 | −0.033 to 0.014 | 0.427 | 0.001 | −0.023 to 0.025 | 0.940 |
0.024
|
0.002 to 0.045
|
0.030
|
SWS %
| −0.026 | −0.075 to 0.024 | 0.305 | 0.006 | −0.047 to 0.058 | 0.835 | −0.030 | −0.083 to 0.023 | 0.271 | −0.040 | −0.089 to 0.010 | 0.115 |
SWS awakenings
| −0.147 | −0.359 to 0.065 | 0.174 | 0.044 | −0.185 to 0.273 | 0.708 | −0.025 | −0.210 to 0.260 | 0.833 | −0.168 | −0.383 to 0.046 | 0.124 |
SWA total
| −0.009 | −0.021 to 0.002 | 0.122 | 0.002 | −0.010 to 0.015 | 0.703 | −0.009 | −0.021 to 0.004 | 0.185 | −0.009 | −0.021 to 0.003 | 0.133 |