Background
Methods
Data source
Study population
Cohort characteristics
Hospitalization metrics
Preventive medication/vaccinations
Results
Variable Description | N (%) | |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
65–69 | 402,909 (20.7%) | |
70–74 | 566,324 (29.1%) | |
75–79 | 397,143 (20.4%) | |
80–84 | 288,020 (14.8%) | |
85–89 | 294,956 (15.1%) | |
Gender | ||
Female | 1,126,172 (57.8%) | |
Male | 823,180 (42.2%) | |
Geographic region | ||
North Central | 382,856 (19.6%) | |
Northeast | 286,616 (14.7%) | |
South | 632,477 (32.5%) | |
West | 643,917 (33.0%) | |
Unknown | 3486 (0.2%) | |
Low Income Subsidy | ||
Yes | 258,476 (13.3%) | |
No | 1,577,011 (80.9%) | |
Unknown | 113,865 (5.8%) | |
Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index score | ||
Mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.9) | |
Comorbidities | ||
Myocardial infarction | 55,652 (2.9%) | |
Peripheral vascular disease | 124,624 (6.4%) | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 175,251 (9.0%) | |
Dementia | 31,640 (1.6%) | |
Rheumatologic disease | 49,924 (2.6%) | |
Peptic ulcer disease | 17,117 (0.9%) | |
Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 6503 (0.3%) | |
Renal disease | 219,910 (11.3%) | |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 285,668 (14.7%) | |
Asthma | 38,117 (2.0%) | |
Heart Failure | 120,061 (6.2%) | |
Cardiomyopathy | 44,327 (2.3%) | |
Diabetes | 486,478 (25.0%) | |
Diabetes with chronic complications | 150,350 (7.7%) | |
Liver Disease | 55,746 (2.9%) | |
Alcoholism | 11,983 (0.6%) | |
Coronary artery disease | 277,519 (14.2%) | |
Immunocompromising conditions, N(%) | ||
Asplenia | 170 (< 0.1%) | |
Sickle cell disease | 192 (< 0.1%) | |
HIV/AIDS | 1951 (0.1%) | |
Cancer | 131,009 (6.7%) | |
Leukemia, leukemia or myeloma | 20,473 (1.1%) | |
Advanced stage renal disease | 4908 (0.3%) | |
Immunosuppressive medication use | 58,127 (3.0%) | |
Death in 2015 | 16,125 (0.8%) | |
Total person years of follow-up | 1,940,589 years |
Characteristic | CAP | MI | Stroke | OF |
---|---|---|---|---|
Persons hospitalized | 15,701 | 7683 | 5317 | 6614 |
Number of hospitalizations | 16,430 | 7859 | 5412 | 6674 |
Incidence of hospitalization rate per 100,000 person-years | 846.7 | 405.0 | 278.9 | 343.9 |
Number of readmissions | 1874 | 950 | 458 | 574 |
30-day readmission rate (%) | 10.0 | 10.5 | 7.7 | 7.9 |
Number of deaths within 30 days of discharge | 439 | 104 | 189 | 112 |
Mortality rate during same or following month per 100,000 persons | 22.5 | 5.3 | 9.7 | 5.8 |
Length of stay per hospitalization | ||||
Mean (SD) | 5.2 (6.2) | 4.5 (6.3) | 4.1 (5.6) | 4.2 (3.4) |
Median | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
Length of stay per readmission | ||||
Mean (SD) | 4.9 (4.3) | 4.2 (4.1) | 4.2 (4.5) | 4.7 (4.1) |
Median | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
Cost per hospitalization | ||||
Mean (SD) | 13,825 (17,341) | 26,114 (28,118) | 15,138 (15,810) | 19,156 (14,845) |
Cost per readmission | ||||
Mean (SD) | 12,422 (13,260) | 12,177 (14,925) | 11,681 (11,525) | 13,446 (13,301) |
Cost per episode | ||||
Mean (SD) | 15,241 (19,078) | 27,586 (29,423) | 16,126 (17,225) | 20,312 (16,384) |
Sum of hospitalization costs ($) | 227,145,454 | 205,230,868 | 81,926,896 | 127,847,139 |
Sum of readmission costs ($) | 23,280,008 | 11,568,507 | 5,350,202 | 7,718,322 |
Total costs ($) | 250,425,463 | 216,799,375 | 87,277,098 | 135,565,461 |
Preventive measure | Individuals treated N (%) | Total health plan cost | Patient OOP | Total cost | PMPYa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pneumococcal vaccination | 147,552 (7.6%) | $14,142,934 | $6930 | $14,149,780 | $7.26 |
Influenza vaccination | 883,319 (45.3%) | $26,115,315 | $14,643 | $26,129,745 | $13.40 |
Total | 922,414 (47.3%) | $40,255,322 | $21,573 | $40,276,597 | $20.66 |
MI/Stroke Prevention | |||||
Antihypertensives | 1,103,865 (56.6%) | $259,953,965 | $120,376,142 | $369,173,588 | $189.38 |
Statins | 754,659 (38.7%) | $146,574,868 | $48,844,928 | $194,778,686 | $99.92 |
Aspirin | 2514 (0.1%) | $11,569.57 | 8.40 | 11,573.70 | 0.01 |
Antiplatelets | 108,899 (5.6%) | $49,170,046 | $13,925,749 | $63,053,238 | $32.35 |
Anticoagulants | 109,114 (5.6%) | $25,344,062 | $9,197,641 | $34,451,541 | $17.67 |
Total MI/Stroke | 1,225,741 (62.9%) | $481,054,511 | $192,344,468 | $661,468,627 | $339.33 |
Bisphosphonates | 98,129 (5.0%) | $26,495,337 | $8,544,260 | $34,128,920 | $17.51 |
SERMs | 11,437 (0.6%) | $12,752,847 | $3,739,518 | $16,482,842 | $8.46 |
Denosumab | 13,567 (0.7%) | $103,203,578 | $3,602,221 | $106,801,838 | $54.79 |
Teriparatide | 1261 (0.1%) | $10,494,134 | $1,186,876 | $11,680,624 | $5.99 |
Total | 121,870 (6.3%) | $152,945,896 | $17,072,875 | $169,094,223 | $86.74 |