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Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports

Erschienen in:

30.09.2023

The Role of Viral Infection in the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

verfasst von: Jia-Fong Jhang, Hann-Chorng Kuo

Erschienen in: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports | Ausgabe 4/2023

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is still unclear. The diagnosis of IC/BPS is made after ruling out bacterial cystitis. However, viral infection in the bladder might be a pathogenic factor for IC/BPS. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the association between viral infection and IC/BPS.

Recent Findings

The presence of urinary tract viruses in patients with IC/BPS has been sporadically investigated since the 1970s. Early studies used viral culture to investigate urine and bladder tissue samples from patients with IC/BPS, but viruses were rarely detected. With polymerase chain reaction, several studies have reported increased papillomavirus, BK virus, and John Cunningham virus viral load in urine samples from patients with IC/BPS. The presence of urinary papillomavirus was associated with more severe IC/BPS symptoms. Recent studies have used transcriptomic RNA sequencing to investigate gene expression in bladder tissue samples from patients with IC/BPS. Enriched viral infection-associated gene pathways in patients with IC/BPS were noted in the studies, including cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, human papillomavirus infection, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Our recent studies reported the presence of EBV in IC/BPS bladders, especially in patients with IC/BPS with Hunner’s lesion (HIC). EBV latency and lytic infection were observed in HIC bladders, indicating EBV infection persistence and reactivation. EBV latency infection in B cells could induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression and might cause nerve hyperplasia in IC/BPS bladders.

Summary

The presence of urinary virus in the patients with IC/BPS suggested that viral infection might be a pathogenic factor in patients with IC/BPS. Molecular evidence from IC/BPS bladder tissue also showed that viral infection may involve the pathogenesis of IC/BPS. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism.

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Titel: The Role of Viral Infection in the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
verfasst von: Jia-Fong Jhang
Hann-Chorng Kuo
Publikationsdatum: 30.09.2023
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports / Ausgabe 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1931-7212
Elektronische ISSN: 1931-7220
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11884-023-00713-7

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The Role of Viral Infection in the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

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