Background
Methods
Study participants
Treatment
Re-intervention
Assessment and follow-up
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Category | Subcategory | Number (%) |
---|---|---|
Total | 50 | |
Median age(range), yr. | 61.8(41–85) | |
Sex | ||
Male | 36(72) | |
Female | 14(28) | |
Type of tumor | ||
Pancreatic carcinoma | 10(20) | |
Gallbladder carcinoma | 4(8) | |
Cholangiocarcinoma | 25(50) | |
Hepatocelluar carcinoma | 6(12) | |
Lymph node metastases | 5(10) | |
Level of biliary obstruction*
| ||
Common bile or hepatic duct (type I) | 11(22) | |
Type II | 8(16) | |
Type III A | 10(20) | |
Type III B | 4(8) | |
Intrahepatic (type IV) | 17(34) | |
Performance status score | ||
0 | 10(20) | |
1 | 20(40) | |
2 | 18(36) | |
Previously cholangitis | 22(44) | |
Distant Metastasis | 29(58) | |
No. of interventions, mean (range) | 1.2(1–3) | |
Subsequent chemotherapy | 7(14) |
Treatment details
Outcomes
Outcome | Number (%) |
---|---|
Mild bleeding | 23(46) |
Moderate bleeding | 4(8) |
Mild pain | 18(36) |
Moderate or severe pain | 4(8) |
Bile infection | 16(32) |
Acute pancreatitis | 0 |
Recurrent obstruction | |
Tumor ingrowth | 6(12) |
Tumor overgrowth | 8(16) |
Stent migration | 1(2) |
New stricture | 3(6) |
Unkown | 1(2) |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable* | No. of cases | HR(95%CI) | P† | HR(95%CI) | P†
|
Age(≥62 y vs < 62 y) | 25/25 | 2.348(0.840,6.566) | 0.104 | ||
Sex(male vs female) | 36/14 | 1.243(0.404,3.827) | 0.705 | ||
Tumor diagnosis (Cholangiocarcinoma vs other neoplasms) | 25/25 | 1.770(0.679,4.612) | 0.243 | ||
Type of obstruction(proximal vs distal) | 19/31 | 0.899(0.324,2.494) | 0.838 | ||
Performance status score (2 vs ≤1) | 32/18 | 1.706(0.890,3.270) | 0.108 | ||
Previously cholangeitis (no vs yes) | 28/22 | 3.347(1.176,9.525) | 0.024 | 3.347(1.176,9.525) | 0.024 |
Distant Metastasis(yes vs no) | 29/21 | 1.292(0.490,3.403) | 0.605 | ||
Chemotherapy (no vs yes) | 43/7 | 0.840(0.277,2.547) | 0.759 | ||
TB(≥168.0 μmol/L vs <168.0 μmol/L) | 25/25 | 0.488(0.184,1.294) | 0.149 | ||
DB(≥95.1 μmol/L vs < 95.1 μmol/L) | 25/25 | 0.485(0.183,1.287) | 0.146 | ||
ALT (≥71 U/L vs <71 U/L) | 25/25 | 1.352(0.491,3.728) | 0.560 | ||
AST (≥72.5 U/L vs < 72.5 U/L) | 25/25 | 0.887(0.348,2.261) | 0.801 | ||
GGT(≥311 U/L vs < 311 U/L) | 25/25 | 0.613(0.228,1.652) | 0.334 |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable* | No. of cases | HR(95%CI) | P† | HR(95%CI) | P†
|
Age(≥62 y vs < 62 y) | 25/25 | 0.776(0.379,1.589) | 0.488 | ||
Sex(male vs female) | 36/14 | 0.803(0.475,1.359) | 0.414 | ||
Tumor diagnosis (Cholangiocarcinoma vs other neoplasms) | 25/25 | 0.825(0.439,1.552) | 0.552 | ||
Type of obstruction(proximal vs distal) | 19/31 | 0.932(0.490,1.775) | 0.825 | ||
Performance status score (2 vs ≤1) | 32/18 | 1.706(0.890,3.270) | 0.108 | ||
No. of interventions (1 vs ≥2) | 42/8 | 0.187(0.055,0.630) | 0.007 | 0.295(0.106,0.818) | 0.019 |
Previously cholangeitis (no vs yes) | 28/22 | 0.794(0.405,1.555) | 0.500 | ||
Distant Metastasis(yes vs no) | 29/21 | 0.897(0.474,1.698) | 0.739 | ||
Chemotherapy (no vs yes) | 43/7 | 0.273(0.094,0.792) | 0.017 | 2.0.465 (0.159,1.365) | 0.164 |
TB(≥168.0 μmol/L vs <168.0 μmol/L) | 25/25 | 1.038(0.544,1.978) | 0.911 | ||
DB(≥95.1 μmol/L vs < 95.1 μmol/L) | 25/25 | 0.901(0.475,1.706) | 0.748 | ||
ALT (≥71 U/L vs <71 U/L) | 25/25 | 1.495(0.791,2.825) | 0.216 | ||
AST (≥72.5 U/L vs < 72.5 U/L) | 25/25 | 1.087(0.575,2.056) | 0.798 | ||
GGT(≥311 U/L vs < 311 U/L) | 25/25 | 1.100(0.584,2.072) | 0.767 |