Background
Methods
Study populations
Radiofrequency ablation
Follow-up and endpoint
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline patient characteristics
NT-RFA | C-RFA | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 46 | 84 | |
Age, years | 52.0 (43.0–58.0) | 51.0 (45.0–59.0) | 0.826 |
Gender, female | 4 (8.7%) | 6 (7.2%) | 0.742* |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.9 (21.9–26.4) | 23.6 (21.3–25.8) | 0.622 |
Etiology | 0.212* | ||
HBV | 44 (95.7%) | 74 (88.1%) | |
Others | 2 (4.3%) | 10 (11.9%) | |
Cirrhotic basis | 0.124 | ||
Compensated | 32 (69.6%) | 69 (82.1%) | |
Uncompensated | 14 (30.4%) | 15 (17.9%) | |
SLV, cm3 | 1405.0 (1341.0–1484.0) | 1393.0 (1338.0–1454.0) | 0.341 |
Child-Pugh | 0.326* | ||
A | 44 (95.7%) | 75 (89.3%) | |
B | 2 (4.3%) | 9 (10.7%) | |
Decompensated complications | 0.102 | ||
Bleeding varices | 5 (10.9%) | 2 (2.4%) | |
Hepato-renal syndrome | 1 (2.2%) | 0 (0) | |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 2 (4.3%) | 1 (1.2%) | |
Ascites | 6 (13.0%) | 12 (14.3%) | |
Tumor size, mm | 19.0 (15.0–22.0) | 21.0 (16.0–26.0) | 0.048 |
Near major vessels | 12 (26.1%) | 27 (32.1%) | 0.551 |
Lab tests | |||
ALT, IU/l | 30.5 (21.1–47.5) | 31.6 (23.6–47.5) | 0.450 |
TBIL, μmol/L | 18.8 (14.6–23.2) | 16.9 (13.9–23.1) | 0.301 |
ALP, IU/L | 107.0 (82.8–124.5) | 90.0 (77.0–112.0) | 0.075 |
TBA, μmol/L | 5.7 (2.3–13.2) | 7.6 (2.9–16.2) | 0.270 |
PT, sec | 11.9 (11.4–12.5) | 12.0 (11.3–12.9) | 0.327 |
Alb, g/L | 44.7 (39.8–46.7) | 44.8 (40.1–47.4) | 0.634 |
PLT, 10^9/L | 116.0 (88.0–163.3) | 118.5 (78.5–147.5) | 0.376 |
AFP, ng/ml | 27.3 (4.4–224.6) | 13.0 (3.3–105.8) | 0.102 |
Operation features
NT-RFA (n = 46) | C- RFA (n = 84) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Duration of ablation, min | 8.2 (8.0–8.3) | 8.7 (8.2–8.8) | 0.044 |
Length of stay, daya | 3.3 (3.0–3.7) | 3.5 (3.2–3.7) | 0.421 |
Ablation size, mm | 45.5 (41.8–54.0) | 41.0 (35.0–49.0) | 0.002 |
RLV, mm3 | 1345.0 (1268.0–1444.0) | 1359.0 (1263.0–1423.0) | 0.702 |
More than one ablation | 3 (6.5%) | 11 (13.1%) | 0.390 |
Ablation complicationsb | 2 (4.8%) | 10 (11.9%) | 0.269*** |
Ascites | 2 (4.8%) | 6 (7.1%) | |
Sepsis | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4%) | |
Active bleeding | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4%) | |
Post-TBIlL(2 h), μmol/L | 24.2 (20.8–34.4) | 26.6 (18.3–35.2) | 0.862 |
Local recurrence | 1 (2.2%) | 13 (15.5%) | 0.042*** |
Distant recurrence | 4 (8.7%) | 8 (9.5%) | 0.872 |
Operative outcomes
NT-RFA (n = 46) | C-RFA (n = 84) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-RFA | Post-RFA | P value | Pre-RFA | Post-RFA | P value | |
ALT, IU/L | 30.4 (21.1–46.3) | 34.8 (22.8–69.4) | 0.100 | 31.7 (23.8–46.5) | 34.0 (25.0–53.9) | 0.941 |
TBIL, μmol/L | 18.8 (14.6–22.7) | 18.4 (15.5–25.5) | 0.419 | 17.3 (12.6–21.8) | 21.1 (14.1–29.6) | 0.233 |
ALP, IU/L | 101.0 (81.8–118.3) | 100.0 (86.8–138.8) | 0.384 | 90.0 (77.0–112.0) | 110.0 (87.0–145.0) | < 0.001 |
TBA, μmol/L | 5.7 (2.5–11.4) | 8.1 (2.9–20.0) | 0.233 | 7.6 (2.9–16.2) | 5.6 (3.1–13.6) | 0.304 |
AST, IU/L | 31.9 (27.0–44.6) | 37.9 (30.8–50.7) | < 0.001 | 34.9 (28.4–45.2) | 37.7 (31.2–50.0) | 0.363 |
Alb, g/L | 44.7 (40.1–46.7) | 43.3 (37.9–47.2) | 0.149 | 44.8 (40.1–47.4) | 42.5 (30.7–45.8) | 0.045 |
PLT, 10^9/L | 122.5 (91.8–163.3) | 104.5 (74.0–138.0) | < 0.001 | 118.5 (78.5–147.5) | 103.0 (77.0–150.5) | 0.112 |
AFP, ng/mL | 22.1 (4.3–224.6) | 5.0 (3.0–13.7) | < 0.001 | 13.0 (3.3–105.8) | 4.9 (2.8–15.2) | < 0.001 |
Analysis of short-term overall survival and tumor-free survival rate
Variables | N | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
Gender, male | 120 | 1.46 (0.19–10.99) | 0.713 | 1.44 (0.19–10.73) | 0.725 |
Age (years) | |||||
< 40(ref) | 14 | ||||
40–60 | 91 | 1.51 (0.65–3.82) | 0.633 | ||
> =60 | 25 | 2.70 (0.55–8.15) | 0.221 | ||
BMI (kg/m2), > = 24 | 61 | 1.71 (0.76–3.84) | 0.193 | ||
Cirrhotic state, Uncompensated | 32 | 1.09 (0.44–2.72) | 0.849 | ||
APRI | |||||
< 0.5(ref) | 32 | ||||
0.5–1.5 | 64 | 0.72 (0.22–2.39) | 0.590 | ||
> =1.5 | 34 | 1.19 (0.46–3.07) | 0.723 | ||
Pre-treatment ascites | 18 | 4.83 (0.65–35.77) | 0.124 | ||
Pre-treatment EGV | 7 | 1.22 (0.39–2.16) | 0.256 | ||
Tumor size (mm), > 20 | 64 | 1.13 (0.52–2.45) | 0.756 | ||
ALT (IU/L), > 40 | 47 | 1.29 (0.56–2.96) | 0.551 | ||
AST (IU/L), > 40 | 45 | 2.28 (0.86–6.05) | 0.098 | 2.25 (0.85–5.98) | 0.104 |
PT (sec), > 13 | 23 | 1.29 (0.38–4.38) | 0.683 | ||
ALP (IU/L), > 110 | 41 | 1.84 (0.73–4.63) | 0.194 | ||
TBA (μmol/L), > 10 | 48 | 1.11 (0.50–2.49) | 0.799 | ||
ALBI grade | |||||
1(ref) | 98 | ||||
2 | 32 | 1.04 (0.42–2.61) | 0.931 | ||
3 | 0 | ||||
PLT(10^9/L), < 100 | 53 | 1.03 (0.47–2.29) | 0.939 | ||
AFP (ng/ml), > 20 | 59 | 1.08 (0.50–2.35) | 0.849 | ||
Child-Pugh, B | 11 | 1.62 (0.62–4.69) | 0.214 | ||
Conventional RFA | 84 | 2.12 (1.16–4.62) | 0.027 | 2.11 (1.16–4.43) | 0.041 |