Background
Methods
Recruitment and sample
Instrument
Statistical analyses
Results
Characteristic | Treat patients with migraine | ||
---|---|---|---|
Never/rarely/ sometimes (n = 879) | Often (n = 990) |
p-value | |
Age in years (mean ± sd) | 41.3 ± 11.7 | 43.1 ± 12.3 | 0.001 |
Gender | |||
male n (%) | 531 (60.7) | 624 (63.4) | 0.237 |
female n (%) | 344 (39.3) | 361 (36.6) | |
Qualification n (%) | |||
Diploma n (%) | 20 (2.3) | 21 (2.1) | 0.718 |
Advanced diploma n (%) | 6 (0.7) | 8 (0.8) | |
Bachelor n (%) | 304 (34.9) | 344 (35.0) | |
Doctor of Chiropractic n (%) | 245 (28.1) | 296 (30.1) | |
Masters n (%) | 288 (33.0) | 308 (31.4) | |
PhD n (%) | 9 (1.0) | 5 (0.5) | |
Years in practice (mean ± sd) | 14.9 ± 11.0 | 16.8 ± 11.6 | < 0.001 |
Patient care hours/week (mean ± sd) | 26.0 ± 11.2 | 28.0 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 |
Patient visits/week (mean ± sd) | 78.1 ± 53.8 | 95.5 ± 59.2 | < 0.001 |
Characteristic | Treat patients with migraine |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Never/rarely/ sometimes (n = 879) | Often (n = 990) | ||
Location | |||
Urban n (%) | 685 (79.6) | 727 (74.9) | 0.017 |
One location only | 214 (24.5) | 257 (26.0) | 0.441 |
Other health professionals in practice location | |||
General practitioner | 68 (7.7) | 54 (5.5) | 0.046 |
Podiatrist | 93 (10.6) | 86 (8.7) | 0.165 |
Medical specialist | 26 (3.0) | 25 (2.5) | 0.567 |
Physiotherapist | 85 (9.7) | 91 (9.2) | 0.724 |
Chiropractor | 504 (57.3) | 595 (60.1) | 0.226 |
Exercise physiologist | 56 (6.4) | 69 (7.0) | 0.605 |
Psychologist | 126 (14.3) | 111 (11.2) | 0.043 |
Occupational therapist | 17 (1.9) | 31 (3.1) | 0.102 |
Referral relationships | |||
General practitioner | 483 (54.9) | 581 (58.7) | 0.103 |
Psychologist | 119 (13.5) | 147 (14.8) | 0.418 |
Physiotherapist | 259 (29.5) | 329 (33.2) | 0.080 |
Occupational therapist | 59 (6.7) | 97 (9.8) | 0.016 |
Podiatrist | 323 (36.7) | 418 (42.2) | 0.016 |
Medical specialist | 129 (14.7) | 168 (17.0) | 0.176 |
Exercise physiologist | 120 (13.7) | 171 (17.3) | 0.031 |
Using imaging at least often | 332 (38.1) | 549 (55.7) | < 0.001 |
Having imaging on site | |||
X-ray | 138 (15.7) | 144 (14.5) | 0.487 |
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | 36 (4.1) | 26 (2.6) | 0.077 |
Surface electromyography (SEMG) | 30 (3.4) | 50 (5.1) | 0.081 |
Diagnostic ultrasound | 35 (4.0) | 19 (1.9) | 0.008 |
Thermography | 33 (3.8) | 55 (5.6) | 0.067 |
Characteristic | Treat patients with migraine |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Never/rarely/ sometimes (n = 879) | Often (n = 990) | ||
Care plan includes (discussed often) | |||
Diet/nutrition | 379 (43.2) | 565 (57.4) | < 0.001 |
Smoking/drugs/alcohol | 171 (19.5) | 295 (30.1) | < 0.001 |
Physical activity/fitness | 724 (82.8) | 861 (87.5) | 0.005 |
Occupational health and safety | 325 (37.4) | 439 (44.8) | 0.001 |
Pain counselling | 175 (20.2) | 285 (29.3) | < 0.001 |
Nutritional supplements | 261 (29.8) | 435 (44.1) | < 0.001 |
Medications (including pain/inflammation) | 165 (19.1) | 264 (27.0) | < 0.001 |
Conditions (treated often) | |||
Neck pain: Axial | 780 (88.8) | 967 (97.8) | < 0.001 |
Neck pain: Referred/radicular | 374 (42.5) | 799 (80.7) | < 0.001 |
Thoracic pain: Axial | 654 (74.8) | 922 (93.4) | < 0.001 |
Thoracic pain: Referred/radicular | 227 (26.1) | 632 (64.4) | < 0.001 |
Low back pain: Axial | 793 (90.5) | 968 (98.2) | < 0.001 |
Low back pain: Referred/radicular | 600 (68.5) | 910 (92.2) | < 0.001 |
Lower limb musculoskeletal disorders | 395 (45.0) | 729 (73.8) | < 0.001 |
Upper limb musculoskeletal disorders | 416 (47.4) | 748 (76.1) | < 0.001 |
Postural disorders | 442 (50.5) | 765 (77.7) | < 0.001 |
Degenerative spine conditions | 642 (73.1) | 986 (99.7) | < 0.001 |
Headaches (tension, cervicogenic) | 642 (73.0) | 986 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Migraine disorders | |||
Spine health maintenance/prevention | 529 (60.3) | 834 (84.8) | < 0.001 |
Non-Musculoskeletal conditions | 106 (16.8) | 306 (41.2) | < 0.001 |
Patient groups (treated often) | |||
Child: <4 years | 198 (22.7) | 362 (36.8) | < 0.001 |
4–18 years | 363 (41.6) | 627 (63.6) | < 0.001 |
Older: >65 years | 574 (65.8) | 794 (80.6) | < 0.001 |
Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander | 8 (0.9) | 24 (2.5) | 0.012 |
Pregnant women | 233 (26.8) | 448 (45.7) | < 0.001 |
Athletes/sports people | 339 (39.1) | 572 (58.5) | < 0.001 |
Work Injuries | 250 (38.9) | 418 (42.8) | < 0.001 |
Traffic Injuries | 58 (6.7) | 196 (20.1) | < 0.001 |
Post-Surgical Rehabilitation | 32 (3.7) | 88 (9.0) | < 0.001 |
Non-English Speaking ethnic groups | 43 (5.1) | 72 (7.5) | 0.035 |
Techniques/methods (used often) | |||
Drop-piece | 443 (51.0) | 549 (56.7) | 0.015 |
Pelvic blocking/sacro-occipital | 343 (39.7) | 465 (48.1) | < 0.001 |
Instrument Adjusting | 420 (48.4) | 545 (56.0) | 0.001 |
Chiropractic Biophysics | 28 (3.3) | 49 (5.4) | 0.040 |
HVLA manipulation/mobilisation | 694 (80.0) | 821 (84.1) | 0.023 |
Applied kinesiology | 113 (13.1) | 182 (19.1) | 0.001 |
Flexion-Distraction | 65 (7.6) | 81 (8.5) | 0.472 |
Functional Neurology | 71 (8.4) | 168 (17.8) | < 0.001 |
Extremity Manipulation | 443 (50.9) | 648 (66.5) | < 0.001 |
Musculoskeletal Interventions (used often) | |||
Dry Needle or acupuncture | 98 (11.3) | 153 (15.7) | 0.006 |
Soft tissue therapies | 573 65.9 | 650 (66.1) | 0.905 |
Electro-modalities | 71 (8.6) | 103 (10.6) | 0.147 |
Heat/cryotherapy | 118 (13.7) | 184 (18.9) | 0.002 |
Orthotics | 55 (6.4) | 134 (13.8) | < 0.001 |
Exercise therapy/rehabilitation | 411 (47.7) | 497 (51.1) | 0.140 |
Factors | Odds Ratio | 95% C.I. |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Non-musculoskeletal disorders | 3.058 | 2.132, 4.388 | < 0.001 |
Neck pain (Axial) | 2.889 | 1.181, 7.068 | 0.020 |
Thoracic pain (Referred/radicular) | 2.252 | 1.580, 3.210 | < 0.001 |
Neck pain (Referred/radicular) | 1.881 | 1.280, 2.764 | 0.001 |
Low back pain (Referred/radicular) | 1.783 | 1.115, 2.851 | 0.016 |
Upper limb Musculoskeletal disorders | 1.668 | 1.206, 2.308 | 0.002 |
Athletes or Sports people | 1.653 | 1.225, 2.231 | 0.001 |
Functional Neurology | 1.632 | 1.020, 2.610 | 0.041 |
Spinal health maintenance/prevention | 1.586 | 1.116, 2.252 | 0.010 |
Discussing medication (Including pain/inflammation) | 1.555 | 1.093, 2.213 | 0.014 |
Psychologist/counsellor in same practice | 0.543 | 0.342, 0.862 | 0.010 |