Background
Methods
Contingent valuation approach to informal care valuation
Suppose there is a possibility for you to provide care to somebody you are not related to for one month and the government is willing to pay you for the care you will provide. What is the minimum amount of money you would be willing to accept to provide the care?
Suppose you become too busy to provide care to your recipient and you have found somebody who is willing to be paid for him/her to provide care to your client, what is the maximum amount of money you would be willing to pay the individual per month?
Setting and study sites
Study design and data collection
Name of Facility | Health Zone (Location) | Level of Service | Ownership | Location | Sample Size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mulanje DH | South East | Secondary | Public | Rural | 15 |
Muloza HC | South East | Primary | Public | Rural | 16 |
Nsipe HC | Central West | Primary | CHAM | Rural | 15 |
Lobi RH | Central West | Primary | Public | Rural | 16 |
Trinity MH | South West | Secondary | CHAM | Rural | 15 |
Makhetha HC | South West | Primary | Public | Urban | 16 |
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of informal caregivers
Variable | Informal caregiver | Informal care recipients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | n | Statistic | n | Statistic | |
Sex (%) | Male | 66 | 71 | 0 | 0 |
Female | 27 | 29 | 93 | 100 | |
Relationship with care recipient | |||||
Husband (%) | 49 | 53 | |||
Mother | 14 | 15 | |||
Daughter | 3 | 3 | |||
Sibling | 9 | 10 | |||
In law | 10 | 11 | |||
Other | 8 | 9 | |||
Age | Median (IQR) | 93 | 38 (32,51) | 93 | 28(23, 31) |
Marital Status (%) | |||||
Married | 69 | 74 | 61 | 66 | |
Widowed | 14 | 15 | 9 | 10 | |
Separated | 10 | 11 | 20 | 21 | |
Never Married | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
Level of Education (%) | |||||
None | 14 | 15 | 7 | 8 | |
Primary | 59 | 64 | 69 | 74 | |
Secondary | 19 | 20 | 16 | 17 | |
Post-secondary | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Major Source of Income (%) | |||||
Permanent employee | 8 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Temporary employee | 11 | 12 | 1 | 1 | |
Farmer | 32 | 34 | 26 | 28 | |
Small businesses | 30 | 32 | 38 | 41 | |
Casual work | 8 | 9 | 16 | 17 | |
Other | 3 | 3 | 12 | 13 | |
Monthly income (Median) | 93 | - | 93 | 2720 (1000, 5000) |
Amount of informal care time
Informal care activity | Frequency | Percent | Median (IQR) | Mean (Std Dev) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Collecting drugs for the women | 1 | 1.1 | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) |
Escorting the women to health facility | 3 | 3.2 | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.7(5.1) |
Providing encouragement to the women | 52 | 55.9 | 0.8 (0.0, 16.0) | 17.2(34.2) |
Total informal care time | 52 | 55.9 | 0.8 (0.0, 16.0) | 17.9 (37.5) |
WTP and WTA
Characteristics | Frequency | Willingness to Accept | Willingness to Pay |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 66 | 38 | 13 |
Female | 27 | 30 | 13 |
p-value | 0.218 | 0.1682 | |
Rural | 77 | 25 | 13 |
Urban | 16 | 50 | 21 |
p-value | 0.0320 | 0.0001 | |
Care Recipient in Perfect HRQoL | 48 | 30 | 13 |
Care recipient in Imperfect HRQoL | 45 | 34 | 13 |
p-value | 0.5613 | 0.8713 | |
Carer in Perfect HRQoL state | 56 | 28 | 13 |
Carer in Imperfect HRQoL state | 27 | 38 | 13 |
p-value | 0.9551 | 0.8430 | |
Lower socioeconomic status | 47 | 25 | 13 |
Higher socioeconomic status | 46 | 38 | 15 |
p-value | 0.0932 | 0.0462 | |
All Observations | 93 | 30 (17.5, 56.3) | 12.5(7.5,25)** |