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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 6/2011

01.06.2011 | Übersichten

Therapeutische Neuromodulation bei primären Kopfschmerzsyndromen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. A. May, T.P. Jürgens

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 6/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Kaum ein anderes Feld in der Behandlung von therapierefraktären Kopfschmerzen hat innerhalb der letzen 10 Jahre eine ähnlich rasante Entwicklung genommen wie die neuromodulierenden Verfahren. Die invasiven Verfahren umfassen die periphere Nervenstimulation (hier vor allem die Okzipitalisstimulation), die Vagusstimulation, die hochzervikale Rückenmarksstimulation und die hypothalamische Tiefenhirnstimulation. Nichtinvasiv sind die transkutane elektrische Nervenstimulation, die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation und die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation. Auf Basis der bisherigen bildgebenden, neurophysiologischen und klinischen Studien empfehlen sich vor allem die Okzipitalisstimulation und die hypothalamische Tiefenhirnstimulation für Patienten mit chronischem Clusterkopfschmerz. Nur wenige Studien liegen zur Wirksamkeit dieser beiden Verfahren bei anderen Kopfschmerzen wie der therapierefraktären chronischen Migräne vor. Auch über die Wirksamkeit der übrigen Verfahren lassen aktuelle Studien keine eindeutige Aussage zu. Vielversprechend ist das Konzept der intermittierenden Stimulation des Ganglion sphenopalatinum. Für alle Verfahren gilt jedoch, dass weitere methodisch robuste multizentrische randomisierte und Sham-kontrollierte Studien nötig sind, bevor diese Verfahren eine breite Anwendung finden. Aufgrund des bislang noch experimentellen Status sollten möglichst alle Patienten im Rahmen von Studien behandelt werden. Bevor ein invasives neuromodulierendes Verfahren erwogen wird, sollte die Diagnose gesichert und die Kriterien für einen refraktären Verlauf erfüllt werden. Grundsätzlich sollten diese Patienten in eine entsprechende Spezialambulanz für Kopfschmerzen überwiesen werden, die interdisziplinär mit Neurochirurgen mit entsprechender Expertise in neuromodulierenden Verfahren zusammenarbeitet. Entscheidend ist zudem die kompetente postoperative Betreuung mit Optimierung der Stimulationsparameter und weiterer Anpassung der Medikation.
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Metadaten
Titel
Therapeutische Neuromodulation bei primären Kopfschmerzsyndromen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. A. May
T.P. Jürgens
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 6/2011
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3170-x

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