Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 4/2010

01.12.2010 | Original Paper

Therapist Feelings of Incompetence and Suboptimal Processes in Psychotherapy

verfasst von: Anne Thériault, Nicola Gazzola

Erschienen in: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy | Ausgabe 4/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

This study focused on novice therapists’ feelings of incompetence (FOI). FOI are moments where therapists’ beliefs in their abilities, judgment, and/or effectiveness is diminished, reduced, or challenged internally. In order to get at the subtleties of this internal and subjective process, ten novice therapists were interviewed for approximately 90 min using a semi-structured interview protocol. The interviews were analyzed by two researchers using procedures adapted from grounded theory methodology with the aim of developing thick descriptions and a conceptual structure. Findings indicate that novice therapists struggle with FOI, which vary in nature and intensity, and that FOI are multiply determined and complex. Implications for supervision and for psychotherapy process are discussed.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Adler, P., & Adler, P. (1994). Observational techniques. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 377–392). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage. Adler, P., & Adler, P. (1994). Observational techniques. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 377–392). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernard, J., & Goodyear, R. (2004). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson. Bernard, J., & Goodyear, R. (2004). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernard, J. M., & Goodyear, R. K. (2009). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Bernard, J. M., & Goodyear, R. K. (2009). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Zurück zum Zitat Brady, J. L., Guy, J. D., Poelstra, P., & Brown, C. K. (1996). Difficult goodbyes: A national survey of therapists’ hindrances to successful terminations. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 14(4), 65–76.CrossRef Brady, J. L., Guy, J. D., Poelstra, P., & Brown, C. K. (1996). Difficult goodbyes: A national survey of therapists’ hindrances to successful terminations. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 14(4), 65–76.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Daniels, A. K. (1974). What troubles the trouble shooters? In P. M. Roman & H. M. Trice (Eds.), The sociology of psychotherapy. New York: Aronson. Daniels, A. K. (1974). What troubles the trouble shooters? In P. M. Roman & H. M. Trice (Eds.), The sociology of psychotherapy. New York: Aronson.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis, J. D., Elliott, R., Davis, M. L., Binns, M., Francis, V. M., Kelman, J. E., et al. (1987). Development of a taxonomy of therapist difficulties: Initial report. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 60, 109–119.PubMed Davis, J. D., Elliott, R., Davis, M. L., Binns, M., Francis, V. M., Kelman, J. E., et al. (1987). Development of a taxonomy of therapist difficulties: Initial report. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 60, 109–119.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Denzin, N. (1994). The art and politics of interpretation. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 500–515). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage. Denzin, N. (1994). The art and politics of interpretation. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 500–515). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Deutsch, C. (1984). Self reported sources of stress among psychotherapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 15, 833–845.CrossRef Deutsch, C. (1984). Self reported sources of stress among psychotherapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 15, 833–845.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ellis, M. V., & Ladany, N. (1997). Inferences concerning supervisees and clients in clinical supervision. An integrative review. In E. C. Watkins Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of psychotherapy supervision (pp. 447–507). New York: Wiley. Ellis, M. V., & Ladany, N. (1997). Inferences concerning supervisees and clients in clinical supervision. An integrative review. In E. C. Watkins Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of psychotherapy supervision (pp. 447–507). New York: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Farber, B. A., & Heifetz, L. J. (1981). The satisfactions and stresses of psychotherapeutic work: A factor analytic study. Professional Psychology, 12, 621–630.CrossRef Farber, B. A., & Heifetz, L. J. (1981). The satisfactions and stresses of psychotherapeutic work: A factor analytic study. Professional Psychology, 12, 621–630.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fauth, J., & Williams, E. N. (2005). The in-session self-awareness of therapist-trainees: Hindering or helpful? Journal of Counselling Psychology, 52, 443–447.CrossRef Fauth, J., & Williams, E. N. (2005). The in-session self-awareness of therapist-trainees: Hindering or helpful? Journal of Counselling Psychology, 52, 443–447.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gazzola, N., & Thériault, A. (2007). Super- (and not-so-super-) vision of counsellors-in-training: Supervisee perspectives on broadening and narrowing processes. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 35(2), 189–204.CrossRef Gazzola, N., & Thériault, A. (2007). Super- (and not-so-super-) vision of counsellors-in-training: Supervisee perspectives on broadening and narrowing processes. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 35(2), 189–204.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gorden, R. (1992). Basic interviewing skills. Ithasca, IL: Peacock. Gorden, R. (1992). Basic interviewing skills. Ithasca, IL: Peacock.
Zurück zum Zitat Guy, J. (2000). Holding the holding environment together: Self psychology and psychotherapist care. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 351–352.CrossRef Guy, J. (2000). Holding the holding environment together: Self psychology and psychotherapist care. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 351–352.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hahn, W. K. (2004). The role of shame in negative therapeutic reactions. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41, 3–12.CrossRef Hahn, W. K. (2004). The role of shame in negative therapeutic reactions. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41, 3–12.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hannigan, B., Edwards, D., & Burnard, P. (2004). Stress and stress management in clinical psychology: Findings from a systematic review. Journal of Mental Health, 13, 235–245.CrossRef Hannigan, B., Edwards, D., & Burnard, P. (2004). Stress and stress management in clinical psychology: Findings from a systematic review. Journal of Mental Health, 13, 235–245.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hellman, I. D., Morrison, T., & Abramowitz, S. (1986). The stresses of psychotherapeutic work: A replication and extension. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 197–205.CrossRefPubMed Hellman, I. D., Morrison, T., & Abramowitz, S. (1986). The stresses of psychotherapeutic work: A replication and extension. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 197–205.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hill, C., Sullivan, C., Knox, S., & Schlosser, L. (2007). Becoming psychotherapists: Experiences of novice trainees in a beginning graduate class. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training., 44, 434–449.CrossRef Hill, C., Sullivan, C., Knox, S., & Schlosser, L. (2007). Becoming psychotherapists: Experiences of novice trainees in a beginning graduate class. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training., 44, 434–449.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Holloway, E. L. (1992). Supervision: A way of teaching and learning. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (2nd ed., pp. 177–214). New York: Wiley. Holloway, E. L. (1992). Supervision: A way of teaching and learning. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (2nd ed., pp. 177–214). New York: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Howard, K. I., Orlinsky, D. E., & Hill, J. A. (1969). The therapist’s feelings in the therapeutic process. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 83–93.CrossRefPubMed Howard, K. I., Orlinsky, D. E., & Hill, J. A. (1969). The therapist’s feelings in the therapeutic process. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 83–93.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ladany, N. (2004). Psychotherapy supervision: What lies beneath. Psychotherapy Research, 14, 1–19.CrossRef Ladany, N. (2004). Psychotherapy supervision: What lies beneath. Psychotherapy Research, 14, 1–19.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Loganbill, C., Hardy, E., & Delworth, U. (1981). Supervision: A conceptual model. The Counseling Psychologist, 10, 3–42.CrossRef Loganbill, C., Hardy, E., & Delworth, U. (1981). Supervision: A conceptual model. The Counseling Psychologist, 10, 3–42.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mahoney, M. J. (1991). Human change processes: The Scientific foundations of psychotherapy. New York: Basic. Mahoney, M. J. (1991). Human change processes: The Scientific foundations of psychotherapy. New York: Basic.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahoney, M. J. (1997). Psychotherapists’ personal problems and self-care patterns. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 14–16.CrossRef Mahoney, M. J. (1997). Psychotherapists’ personal problems and self-care patterns. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 14–16.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mearns, D. (1990). Therapists experience of failure. In D. Mearns & W. Dryden (Eds.), Experiences of counseling in action (pp. 80–143). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Mearns, D. (1990). Therapists experience of failure. In D. Mearns & W. Dryden (Eds.), Experiences of counseling in action (pp. 80–143). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Norcross, J., & Guy, J. (2007). Leaving it at the office: A guide to psychotherapist self-care. New York: Guilford. Norcross, J., & Guy, J. (2007). Leaving it at the office: A guide to psychotherapist self-care. New York: Guilford.
Zurück zum Zitat Orlinsky, D., Ronnestad, M. H., Ambuhl, H., Willuttzki, U., Botermans, J. F., Cierpka, M., et al. (1999). Psychotherapists’ assessments of their development at different career levels. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 36(3), 203–215.CrossRef Orlinsky, D., Ronnestad, M. H., Ambuhl, H., Willuttzki, U., Botermans, J. F., Cierpka, M., et al. (1999). Psychotherapists’ assessments of their development at different career levels. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 36(3), 203–215.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ronnestad, M. H., & Skovholt, T. M. (2003). The journey of therapist and therapist: Research findings and perspectives on professional development. Journal of Career Development, 30, 5–44. Ronnestad, M. H., & Skovholt, T. M. (2003). The journey of therapist and therapist: Research findings and perspectives on professional development. Journal of Career Development, 30, 5–44.
Zurück zum Zitat Russell, R. K., Crimmings, A. M., & Lent, R. W. (1984). Therapist training and supervision: Theory and research. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (pp. 625–681). New York: Wiley. Russell, R. K., Crimmings, A. M., & Lent, R. W. (1984). Therapist training and supervision: Theory and research. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (pp. 625–681). New York: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Skovholt, T. M., & Ronnestad, M. H. (2003). Struggles of the novice counselor-therapist. Journal of Career Development, 30(1), 45–58. Skovholt, T. M., & Ronnestad, M. H. (2003). Struggles of the novice counselor-therapist. Journal of Career Development, 30(1), 45–58.
Zurück zum Zitat Stoltenberg, C. D. (1981). Approaching supervision from a developmental perspective: The counselor complexity model. Journal of Counseling Psychologists, 28, 59–65.CrossRef Stoltenberg, C. D. (1981). Approaching supervision from a developmental perspective: The counselor complexity model. Journal of Counseling Psychologists, 28, 59–65.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stoltenberg, C. D. (2005). Enhancing professional competence through developmental approaches to supervision. American Psychologist, 60, 857–864.CrossRefPubMed Stoltenberg, C. D. (2005). Enhancing professional competence through developmental approaches to supervision. American Psychologist, 60, 857–864.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Stoltenberg, C. D., McNeill, B. W., & Delworth, U. (1998). IDM: An integrated developmental model for supervising counselors and therapists. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Stoltenberg, C. D., McNeill, B. W., & Delworth, U. (1998). IDM: An integrated developmental model for supervising counselors and therapists. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Zurück zum Zitat Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Strean, H. S. (1993). Resolving counterresistances in psychotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Strean, H. S. (1993). Resolving counterresistances in psychotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Zurück zum Zitat Thériault, A. T. (2003). Therapists’ feelings of incompetence: A grounded theory analysis of experienced clinicians. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Thériault, A. T. (2003). Therapists’ feelings of incompetence: A grounded theory analysis of experienced clinicians. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
Zurück zum Zitat Thériault, A., & Gazzola, N. (2005). Feelings of inadequacy, insecurity, and incompetence among experienced therapists. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 5(1), 11–18.CrossRef Thériault, A., & Gazzola, N. (2005). Feelings of inadequacy, insecurity, and incompetence among experienced therapists. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 5(1), 11–18.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thériault, A., & Gazzola, N. (2006). What are the sources of feelings of incompetence in experienced therapists? Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 19(4), 313–330.CrossRef Thériault, A., & Gazzola, N. (2006). What are the sources of feelings of incompetence in experienced therapists? Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 19(4), 313–330.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thériault, A., & Gazzola, N. (2008a). Feelings of incompetence among experienced therapists: A substantive theory. European Journal of Qualitative Research in Psychotherapy, 3, 19–29. Thériault, A., & Gazzola, N. (2008a). Feelings of incompetence among experienced therapists: A substantive theory. European Journal of Qualitative Research in Psychotherapy, 3, 19–29.
Zurück zum Zitat Thériault, A., & Gazzola, N. (2008b). Feelings of incompetence in novice and experienced clinicians: Causes, consequences, and coping/correctives. In A. Reeves (Ed.), Key issues for counselling in action (2nd ed., pp. 228–243). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Thériault, A., & Gazzola, N. (2008b). Feelings of incompetence in novice and experienced clinicians: Causes, consequences, and coping/correctives. In A. Reeves (Ed.), Key issues for counselling in action (2nd ed., pp. 228–243). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Watson, J. C., & Greenberg, L. S. (2000). Alliance ruptures and repairs in experiential therapy. In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, 56, 175–186. Watson, J. C., & Greenberg, L. S. (2000). Alliance ruptures and repairs in experiential therapy. In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, 56, 175–186.
Metadaten
Titel
Therapist Feelings of Incompetence and Suboptimal Processes in Psychotherapy
verfasst von
Anne Thériault
Nicola Gazzola
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2010
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy / Ausgabe 4/2010
Print ISSN: 0022-0116
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3564
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-010-9147-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2010

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 4/2010 Zur Ausgabe